• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.232-244
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• 2021

This study examined the physical attributes and heat treatment characteristics of glass beads excavated from the Gimhae area, which is the location of Geumgwan Gaya. This enabled classification of surface characteristics of the beads based on the investigation of the color, size, and shape. The glass beads were classified into eight color systems, with purplish-blue beads as the representative color. Bead size was categorized into three types depending on the outer diameter and how it increased over time. Bead shapes were categorized as round, tubular, or doughnut-shaped based on the inner diameter and length, with round being the typical shape. According to the degree of heat treatment, there are three types of cross-section for glass beads that are manufactured by the drawing technique, most of which are the HT-III type. In addition, it is estimated that the heat treatment technology has more considerable effects than other methods. Through non-destructive analysis, the chemical composition was obtained and categorized as flux, stabilizer, and colorant. Analysis confirmed the presence of 63 and 9 pieces in the potash and soda glass groups, respectively. Overall findings from the study highlighted a correlation between the chemical composition and the external factors such as color, size, shape, and manufacturing technology of glass beads recovered from Geumgwan Gaya, revealing characteristics related to that time and region.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.299-310
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• 2021

Glycerol is a non-volatile compound with no aromatic properties that contributes significantly to the quality of wine by providing sweetness and richness of taste. In addition, it is also the third most significant byproduct of alcoholic fermentation in terms of quantity after ethanol and carbon dioxide. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed as a fast non-destructive method in conjugation with multivariate regression analysis to build a model for the quantitative analysis of glycerol concentration in wine samples. The samples were prepared by using three varieties of red wine samples (i.e., Shiraz, Merlot, and Barbaresco) that were adulterated with glycerol in concentration ranges from 0.1 to 15% (v·v^-1), and subjected to analysis together with pure wine samples. A net analyte signal (NAS)-based methodology, called hybrid linear analysis in the literature (HLA/GO), was applied for predicting glycerol concentrations in the collected FT-IR spectral data. Calibration and validation sets were designed to evaluate the performance of the multivariate method. The obtained results exhibited a high coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.987 and a low root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.563% for the calibration set, and a R² of 0.984 and a RMSE of 0.626% for the validation set. Further, the model was validated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and limits of detection and quantification, and the results confirmed that this model can be used in most applications, as well as for quality assurance.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.241-271
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• 2020

The military technology currently receiving the most attention is the hypersonic missile. hypersonic is faster than the speed of sound or Mach 5+. The vast majority of the ballistic missiles that it inspired achieved hypersonic speeds as they fell from the sky. Rather than speed, today's renewed attention to hypersonic weapons owes to developments that enable controlled flight. These new systems have two sub-varieties: hypersonic glide vehicles and hypersonic cruise missiles. Hypersonic weapons could challenge detection and defense due to their speed, maneuverability, and low altitude of flight. The fundamental question of this study is: 'What effect will the hypersonic missile have on the maritime strategy?' It is quite prudent to analyze and predict the impact of technology in the development stage on strategy in advance. However, strategy is essential because it affect future force construction. hypersonic missiles act as a limiting factor in securing sea control. The high speed and powerful destructive power of the hypersonic missile are not only difficult to intercept, but it also causes massive ship damage at a single shot. As a result, it is analyzed that the Securing sea control will be as difficult as the capacity of sea denial will be improved geographically and qualitatively. In addition, the concept of Fortress Fleet, which was criticized for its passive strategy in the past, could be reborn in a modern era. There are maritime power projection/defence, SLOC attack/defence in exploiting sea control. The effects of hypersonic missiles on exploiting sea control could be seen as both limiting and opportunity factors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

Citrus quality is generally determined by its sugar content and acidity. In particular, sugar content is a very important factor because it determines the taste of citrus. Currently, the most commonly used method of measuring citrus sugar content in farms is a portable juiced sugar meter and a non-destructive sugar meter. This method can be easily measured by individuals, but the accuracy of the sugar content is inferior to that of the citrus NongHyup official machine. In particular, there is an error difference of 0.5 Brix or more, which is still insufficient for use in the field. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an AI model that predicts the citrus sugar content of unmeasured days within the error range of 0.5 Brix or less based on the previously collected citrus sugar content and meteorological data (average temperature, humidity, rainfall, solar radiation, and average wind speed). In addition, it was confirmed that the prediction model proposed through performance evaluation had an mean absolute error of 0.1154 for Seongsan area and 0.1983 for the Hawon area in Jeju Island. Lastly, the proposed model supports an error difference of less than 0.5 Brix and is a technology that supports predictive measurement, so it is expected that its usability will be highly progressive.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.296-301
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• 2021

GPR is used for non-destructive investigations, ground investigations, and underground facilities exploration at construction sites. In this study, the applicability to GPR exploration of water pipes linked to Network RTK was presented. Data on the water supply pipes in the study site were acquired using GPR, and the location and depth of buried water pipes could be measured. The accuracy was evaluated from the GNSS observation performance and showed a deviation of -0.16m ~ 0.15m. This satisfied the equipment performance of the public survey work regulation, suggesting that the exploration of water pipes using GPR is possible. Because GPR does not require grounding installation, as in conventional metal pipe detectors, it will increase the efficiency of work for underground facility exploration. Exploration using GPR can acquire the location and depth of metallic and non-metallic underground facilities, so it can be utilized in the construction of a GIS system. If a comparison of the exploration characteristics is carried out, it will be possible to present various uses of underground facility exploration using GPR.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.446-452
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• 2021

As a higher standard for food consumption is required, the consumption of chicken meat that can satisfy the subdivided food preferences is increasing. In March 2003, the quality criteria for chicken carcasses notified by the Livestock Quality Assessment Service suggested quality grades according to fecal contamination and the size and weight of blood and bruises. On the other hand, it is too difficult for human inspection to qualify mass products, which is key to maintaining consistency for grading thousands of chicken carcasses. This paper proposed the computer vision algorithm as a non-destructive inspection, which can identify chicken carcass parts according to the detailed standards. To inspect the chicken carcasses conveyed at high speed, the image calibration was involved in providing robustness to the side effect of external lighting interference. The separation between chicken and background was achieved by a series of image processing, such as binarization based on Expectation Maximization, Erosion, and Labeling. In terms of shape analysis of chicken carcasses, the features are presented to reveal geometric information. After applying the algorithm to 78 chicken carcass samples, the algorithm was effective in segmenting chicken carcass against a background and analyzing its geometric features.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.498-505
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• 2020

Aggregate occupies about 70-85% of the concrete volume and is an important factor in reducing the drying shrinkage of concrete. However, when constructing high-rise buildings, it acts as a problem due to the high load of natural aggregates. If the load becomes large during the construction of a high-rise building, creep may occur and the ground may be eroded. Material costs increase and there are financial problems. In order to reduce the load on concrete, we are working to reduce the weight of aggregates. However, artificial lightweight aggregates affect the interface between the aggregate and the paste due to its higher absorption rate and lower adhesion strength than natural aggregates, affecting the overall strength of concrete. Therefore, in this study, in order to grasp the interface between natural aggregate and lightweight aggregate by type, we adopted a method of measuring electrical resistance using an EIS measuring device, which is a non-destructive test, and lightweight bone. The change in the state of the interface was tested on the outside of the material through a blast furnace slag coating. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the electric resistance was about 90% lower than that in the air-dried state through the electrolyte immersion, and the electric resistance differs depending on the type of aggregate and the presence or absence of coating. As a result of the experiment, the difference in compressive strength depending on the type of aggregate and the presence or absence of coating was shown, and the difference in impedance value and phase angle for each type of lightweight aggregate was shown.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.58-73
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• 2022

Due to the recent demand for low-calorie foods, consumers are looking for alternative sweeteners that can control blood sugar, low risk of tooth decay and low calories. Regulations for permitted sweeteners in food vary from every country, and it is important for the government and the food industry to monitor products containing these sweeteners to ensure global compliance. Therefore, rapid, precise, and accurate analysis for food matrices should be applied to quality control, market surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation of food additive intake in the food industry. To analyze sweeteners simultaneously, it is essential to develop an efficient and rapid analytical method and to perform appropriate pretreatment steps such as solvent extraction and purification. This study presented the recent analysis trends about the suitable extraction method for food matrices focusing on non-nutritive sweeteners. Additionally, techniques for multi-compounds analysis using HPLC and LC-MS/MS and non-destructive analysis techniques using FT-IR were comprehensively described.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2022

Sesamin and sesamolin are major lignan components with a wide range of potential biological activities of sesame seeds. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and non-destructive analysis method widely used for the quantitative determination of major components in many agricultural products. This study was conducted to develop a screening method to determine the lignan contents for sesame breeding. Sesamin and sesamolin contents of 482 sesame samples ranged from 0.03-14.40 mg/g and 0.10-3.79 mg/g with an average of 4.93 mg/g and 1.74 mg/g, respectively. Each sample was scanned using NIRS and calculated for the calibration and validation equations. The optimal performance calibration model was obtained from the original spectra using partial least squares (PLS). The coefficient of determination in calibration (R²) and standard error of calibration (SEC) were 0.963 and 0.861 for sesamin and 0.875 and 0.292 for sesamolin, respectively. Cross-validation results of the NIRS equation showed an R² of 0.889 in the prediction for sesamin and 0.781 for sesamolin and a standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of 1.163 for sesamin and 0.417 for sesamolin. The results showed that the NIRS equation for sesamin and sesamolin could be effective in selecting high lignan sesame lines in early generations of sesame breeding.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.400-414
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• 2021

Under high-level radioactive waste repository conditions, bentonite as an engineered barrier material undergoes thermal, hydrological, mechanical, and chemical processes. We report the applications of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging technique on the characterization and analysis of bentonite over the past decade to provide a reference of the utilization of this technique and the recent research trends. This overview of the X-ray CT technique applications includes the characterization of the bentonite either in pellets or powder form. X-ray imaging has provided a means to extract grain information at the microscale and identify crack networks responsible for the pellets' heterogeneity. Regarding samples of pellets-powder mixtures under hydration, X-ray CT allowed the identification and monitoring of heterogeneous zones throughout the test. Some results showed how zones with pellets only swell faster compared to others composed of pellets and powder. Moreover, the behavior of fissures between grains and bentonite matrix was observed to change under drying and hydrating conditions, tending to close during the former and open during the latter. The development of specializing software has allowed obtaining strain fields from a sequence of images. In more recent works, X-ray CT technique has served to estimate the dry density, water content, and particle displacement at different testing times. Also, when temperature was added to the hydration process of a sample, CT technology offered a way to observe localized and global density changes over time.