• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.655-666
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• 2017

We constructed a large $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ human Fab library ($3{\times}10^{10}$ colonies) from the lymphocytes of 809 human donors, assessed available diversities of the heavy-chain variable (VH) and ${\kappa}$ light-chain variable (VK) domain repertoires, and validated the library by selecting Fabs against 10 therapeutically relevant antigens by phage display. We obtained a database of unique 7,373 VH and 41,804 VK sequences by 454 pyrosequencing, and analyzed the repertoires. The distribution of VH and VK subfamilies and germline genes in our antibody repertoires slightly differed from those in earlier published natural antibody libraries. The frequency of somatic hypermutations (SHMs) in heavy-chain complementarity determining region (HCDR)1 and HCDR2 are higher compared with the natural IgM repertoire. Analysis of position-specific SHMs in CDRs indicates that asparagine, threonine, arginine, aspartate and phenylalanine are the most frequent non-germline residues on the antibody-antigen interface and are converted mostly from the germline residues, which are highly represented in germline SHM hotspots. The amino acid composition and length-dependent changes in amino acid frequencies of HCDR3 are similar to those in previous reports, except that frequencies of aspartate and phenylalanine are a little higher in our repertoire. Taken together, the results show that this antibody library shares common features of natural antibody repertoires and also has unique features. The antibody library will be useful in the generation of human antibodies against diverse antigens, and the information about the diversity of natural antibody repertoires will be valuable in the future design of synthetic human antibody libraries with high functional diversity.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2015

지하철 만족도에 큰 영향을 미치는 시설물의 배치, 정보안내의 경우 지하철 승강장 및 환승정거장의 유형에 따라 달라지게 되나, 현재 해당 항목에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 이러한 관점에서 출발하여 IPA 분석 기법을 활용하여 승강장 및 환승정거장 유형에 따른 이동시설 및 환승편의시설, 정보안내의 만족도간 중요도를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 수도권 도시철도 환승역사 15개를 대상으로 승강장 및 환승정거장 유형에 따라 분류하고, 승강장 및 환승정거장 유형이 동일함에 따라 이용자간 중요도 및 만족도 차이, 개선항목 등을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과 동선교차가 많이 발생되는 승강장 유형(상대식 승강장)과 환승정거장 유형(+, L, T자형)으로 지하철역을 설계하는 경우 이동편의시설 및 정보안내표지의 적정한 위치 선정이 중요함을 도출하였다. 이러한 분석 결과는 향후 이용자의 불편이 최소화할 수 있는 방향으로 신규 역사 설계 및 기존 역사 개선시 활용이 가능하며, 승강장 및 환승정거장 유형에 따라 우선적으로 개선해야 하는 항목 도출로 지하철 개선비용 효율성 증대 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the physiological response, litter performance, blood profiles, immune response, and milk composition of lactating sows. Methods: A total of 50 multiparous F₁ sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with an average body weight (BW) of 233.6±4.30 kg and an average parity of 4.00±0.307 and their litters were used in this experiment. All sows were allotted to one of five treatments, taking into consideration BW, backfat thickness, and parity in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 110 IU vitamin E/kg diet. Results: All treatments added with β-glucan or vitamin E were statistically higher in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of lactating sows compared to those of the control (Diet, p<0.01). Additionally, the ADFI of lactating sows was significantly higher in the groups supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan compared to 0.2% β-glucan (BG, p<0.01). There was an increasing trend in piglet weight at weaning (BG, p = 0.07), litter weight at the 21st day of lactation (BG, p = 0.07) and litter weight gain (BG, p = 0.08) in groups supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan. The addition of 110 IU vitamin E/kg diet increased vitamin E concentration significantly in lactating sows (VE, p<0.01) and exhibited a trend for higher concentrations of vitamin E (VE, p = 0.09) in piglets. Adding 0.1% β-glucan compared to 0.2% β-glucan induced a decrease in the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α in lactating sows (BG, p = 0.06) and in piglets (BG, p = 0.09) on the 21st day of lactation. There were no significant differences in the milk composition of sows. Conclusion: Adding 0.1% β-glucan and 110 IU vitamin E/kg to a lactating sow's diet was beneficial to the growth performance of piglets by leading to an increase in the feed intake of sows and efficiently supplying vitamin E to both the sows and piglets.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.1186-1195
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• 1993

The Japanese type combine harvester has adopted rubber crawlers for the driving mechanism from first production . However, combine harvesters with movable track rollers in the rubber crawler system have been adopted recently for the purpose of stability at the time of climbing over the footpaths between rice fields, as the results of the machines becoming large. However, the dynamic characteristics of movable track rollers have not been clarified. For this reason, the design of movable track rollers depends on trial and errors. It is known that vibration characteristics of the vehicle with movable track rollers are different from the vibration characteristics of the vehicles with fixed track rollers even though the track roller arrangements are the same. Therefore, the theoretical analyses of movable track rollers must be hurried in order to formulate a reasonable track roller arrangement design. the authors have studied the vibration characteristics of the rubber crawler ve icle with fixed track rollers. in this study, the dynamic model of the vehicle with movable track roller sis compared with the dynamic model of the vehicle with fixed track rollers. Next, motions are simulated to analyze the movable track rollers by expanding the motion equation which were constructed for the dynamic model of the fixed track rollers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2005

This research was designed to investigate and compare the characteristics of preferred clothing textiles for slacks and skirt of college students. One hundred five subjects majoring in fashion design were surveyed and the subjects selected three favorite materials among 120 samples presented in a swatch book. The subject's weighted frequencies were added tv order of preference. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the spring and fall seasons, black twill cotton drill was preferred foremost as a textile for slacks, and medium gray basket weaved cotton pinhead with stripe pattern was preferred as a textile for skirts. 2. In summer, dark bluish gray plain linen crash was the most preferred material for slacks, and pale yellow plain linen tropical cloth was preferred for skirts. 3. In winter, olive gray cotton corduroy was the most favorite textile for slacks, and moderate brown twill wool hound check was preferred for the skirt. 4. In thickness and weight, textiles for winter were thicker and heavier than those chosen for other seasons, and textiles for skirts showed various thicknesses and weights as compared with those of slacks. 5. In fiber content, natural fibers such as cotton and wool were preferred for an seasons. 6. In the weave of textiles, twiu we,3ve was preferred for spring, fall and winter season, and plain weave was preferred for summer. 7 The most preferred colors for slacks were B and PB, and those for the skirts were YR and PB. For color characteristics, solid fabrics were generally preferred, and patterned fabrics were preferred for skirts as compared with slacks.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2006

One of the most important topics about the safety of electrical and electronic system is the reliability of the wiring system. The Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry(TFDR) is a state-of-the-art system for detecting and estimating of the fault on a wiring. In this paper, We've considered the load resistance measurement on a coaxial cable using TFDR in a way of expanded application. The TFDR system was built using commercial Pci extensions for Instrumentation(PXI) and LabVIEW. The proposed real time TFDR system consisted of the reference signal design, signal generation, signal acquisition, algorithm execution and results display part. To implement real time system, all of the parts were programmed by the LabVIEW which is one of the graphical programming languages. Using the application software implemented by the LabVIEW, we were able to design a proper reference signal which is suitable for target cable and control not only the arbitrary waveform generator in the signal generation part but alto the digital storage oscilloscope in the signal acquisition part. By using the TFDR real time system with the terminal resistor on the target cable, we carried out load impedance measurement experiments. The experimental results showed that the proposed system are able not only to detect the location of impedance discontinuity on the cable but also to estimate the load resistance with high accuracy.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1300-1306
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• 2009

If a brief direction and plan for a remodeling project are decided, it may moves to a concrete design step of which to select the most suitable alternative out of applicable compounding devices to reveal dynamic drifting performance. However, the volume of knowledge baseed utility which can refer to systematic evaluation regarding remodeling element technology and the accumulation of realistic cases are not only sufficient, but also short including its system for expression and consistency. Therefore, it may necessary to deliver the main frame which make enables the Owner, designer and builder to get performance technology for applying advanced remodeling element and knowledge based utility. There is a necessity to provide an information with latest made by virtue of modeling in the 3D/4D based on construction-based knowledge etc. which we can use for life cycle of a project, as a prominent way of knowledge based utility. Then, it is sure that remodeling can become more activative by sharing of knowledge based utility formed in electronic 3D/4D which is a systematic and expressed consistently to a performance and applicability in preservation of savings. It is expected for modeling of the 3D/4D in knowledge based utility enables to verify the practicability of each technology on effective application, and the use of technology might be spread widely due its obvious and oriented expressions. Further, this knowledge based utility formed in electronic 3D/4D may applicable for VE process in addition to remodeling design fields.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2002

모든 사물의 형태는 사물이 가진 내부에너지와 외부스트레스간의 균형관계라는 기존의 정의에서 출발된다. 이것을 생물체간의 균형관계로 볼 때 내부에너지는 생물체가 스스로의 존재유지를 위해 필요한 에너지의 발생일 것이며 외부스트레스는 주변환경에서 가해오는 압박이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 즉 생존에 필요한 내부에너지의 유지와 여기에 가해지는 외부스트레스가 균형을 유지하는 점에서 우리는 사물의 형상이 존재하게됨을 알 수 있다. 그런데 여기서 아울러 발견되는 것은 이러한 형상들은 주로 비직선(非直線)인 곡선(曲線)과 곡면(曲面)으로 이루어져 있음이란 사실이다. 다시 말해 직선과 직면으로 이루어진 형상이란 존재하는 사물의 세계에서 발견하기란 거의 불가능하다. 대체로 우리는 그동안 곡선과 곡면을 주로 시각적 아름다음<美>의 대상으로만 여겨왔다. 본고에서는 곡선과 곡면에는 아주 먼 원인류(原人類)부터 우리의 생존을 지켜주는 중요한 기능(機能/function)들이 함께 하고있음을 제시하고, 다시 그러한 기능을 물리적 역학구조의 시각에서 좁혀 보다 세밀히 관찰해 봄으로서 특히 곡선형태를 다루는 디자인의 근원에서 무엇이 중요한 것인가를 살펴보았다. 물론 여기에는 수학이나 화차 또는 생물학 등의 관점에 따라 자연현상을 여러 갈래로 분석하여 이들을 종합하는 것이 더욱 타당할것이나 다만 본고에서는 연구능력의 한계로 물체의 외부형상을 다루는 디자인에 적응될 수 있는 물리적 구조에만 주된 관심을 두기로 하였다. 결과적으로 자연에서 발생한 곡선·곡면의 물리적 구조현상을 디자인에 더욱 충실할 때 시각적으로도 더욱 아름답다는 사실을 재차 확인할 수 있었음이 본고의 작은 결실이라 할 수 있다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2090-2100
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• 2011

Railway rail fastening system is the critical device which gives big influences to not only the vehicle driving stability and the orbit's structural stability against the impulsive load, but also the noise vibration and the ride comfort. As a part of the low-carbon green growth, the importance of the railroad industry is getting highlights on its excellent energy-efficiency and eco-friendliness. However, so far the Korea's domestic rail fastening system technology is not so good and the technical reliance to abroad is very heavy. In this study, we conducted comparative analysis on the rail fastening system with new and used one of the same type. And those systems are imported by Seoul Metro and are being used by it. With this basis, we developed the components and the materials and then, established the durability assessment methods appropriate to the Korean domestic circumstances. And through the reliability qualification test on the 7 parts of the rail fastening system, we've improved the reliability and guaranteed the 15 years of service lifetime. ($B_{10}Life15$) Establishment and standardization of Reliability Standard on the parts of the rail fastening system such as anti-vibration pads, guide-plate, screw spike made it possible to perform the internationally fair assessment. And it is thought that we can satisfy the manufactures' and consumers' needs of cost-cutting and qualification security by shortening of assessment period on rail fastening system.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2016

지진안전지대라고 불려왔던 한반도에 최근 지진이 자주 발생하여 전례없는 인적 물적 피해가 발생하였다. 이는 3층 미만의 건축물에 대해서는 내진설계가 되어있지 않고, 일부 전문가 및 단체를 제외하고는 지진에 대한 심각성 및 대피요령에 대해서 숙지하지 못하고 있어 피해가 가중된 것으로 사료된다. 이상과 같이 국민 대부분이 대피요령이나 생존법, 비상물자 등을 인지하지 못하고, 각종 필요한 지진대비 교육이 없는 실정이다. 따라서 지진에 대해서 준비가 전무했던 우리가 이제 지진에 대해 정확한 실체와 원인을 알아보고 준비와 대책을 세워야 할 시점이라 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 빈번하게 발생하는 한반도 지진에 대하여 원인에 대해서 조사하고 우리정부와 지자체, 민간단체, 언론 및 개인의 대처방안에 대해서 체계적으로 정리하고자 한다.