• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2010

This paper addresses a design issue of "model complexity and performance trade-off" in the application of bandwidth extension (BWE) methods to the intra-frame predictivevector quantization problem of wideband speech. It discusses model-based linear and non-linear prediction methods and presents a comparative study of them in terms of prediction gain. Through experimentation, the general trend of saturation in performance (with the increase in model complexity) is observed. However, specifically, it is also observed that there is no significant difference between HMM and GMM-based BWE functions.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

This paper covers nulling algorithm. In this algorithm, we assume that nulling points are already known. In general, nulling algorithm using matrix equation was utilized. But, this algorithm is pointed out that computational complexity is disadvantage. So, we choose gradient method to reduce the computational complexity. In order to further reduce the computational complexity, we propose approximate gradient method using characteristic of trigonometric functions. The proposed method has same performance compared with conventional method while having half the amount of computation when the number of antenna and nulling point are 20 and 1, respectively. In addition, we could virtually eliminate the trigonometric functions arithmetic. Trigonometric functions arithmetic cause a big problem in actual implementation like FPGA processor(Field Programmable gate array). By utilizing the above algorithm in a multi-cell environment, beamforming gain can be obtained and interference can be reduced at same time. By the above results, the algorithm can show excellent performance in the cell boundary.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2005

In this paper, we present an experiment conducted to examine how the web site's architecture, content quantity and the user task complexity affect its usability. The experiment was performed in two phases on college students to visit existing web sites which are readily accessible via the Internet. The results of experiment show that the web site's architecture significantly affects the efficiency and the effectiveness interactively with its content quantity and the user task's complexity. On the other hand, none of the above three factors show significant effects on the satisfaction and the learnability. In particular, the web site's content quantity does not have any statistically significant effects on the satisfaction and the learnability. It implies that the factors affecting the satisfaction and the learnability are different from those affecting the efficiency and the effectiveness. The analysis reassures that it is essential to consider the context of use in designing a web site.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.56-58
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose an adaptive beamforming algorithm for array antenna. The proposed beamforming algorithm is based on EDS (Euclidean Direction Search) algorithm. Generally LMS algorithm has a much slower rate of convergence, but its low computational complexity and robustness make it a representative method of adaptive beamforming. Although the RLS algorithm is known for its fast convergence to the optimal Wiener solution, it still suffers from high computational complexity and poor performance. The proposed EDS algorithm has a rapid convergence better than LMS algorithm, and has a computational more simple complexity than RLS algorithm. In this paper we compared the efficiency of the EDS algorithm with a standard LMS algorithm.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2006

For the design and analysis of 3D object featuring complexity and irregularity in shape, sectional digital images measured by an industrial CT scanner are employed to generate a finite element model with uniform voxels. The voxel model plays a key role in developing an integrated reverse engineering system including geometric modeling, simulation and optimization. Design examples applied to topology optimization show that the proposed approach can provide a remarkable reduction in time cost at the conceptual and detail design stages.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

The WK-recursive network proposed by Vecchia and Sanges[1] is widely used in the design and implementation of local area networks and parallel processing architectures. It provides a high degree of regularity and scalability, which conform well to a design and realization of distributed systems involving a large number of computing elements. In this paper, the routing of a message is investigated on the WK-recursive network, which is key to the performance of this network. We present an efficient shortest path algorithm on the WK-recursive network, which is simpler than Chen and Duh[2] in terms of design complexity.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to suggest diverse directions for eco-friendly knit designing through analyzing the characteristics of Stella McCartney's knit designs. The first stage of the research was to explore the characteristics of eco-friendly fashion design based on literature review. The next stage was to categorize the characteristics of eco-friendly design found in Stella McCartney' knit fashion based on the precedent analysis. The data collected showed 274 examples from 40 Stella McCartney collections, including Spring, Resort, Pre-Fall, and Fall Ready-to-wear collections between 2013 and 2022. All information was collected using www.vogue.com. As a result, the characteristics of Stella McCartney's knit design were classified into four directopms: 1) Perpetual Naturalism, 2) Cultural Complexity, 3) Practical Functionality, and 4) Subcultural Reproducibility. The first characteristic, 'Perpetual Naturalism' values the continuous symbiosis between animals and human beings, thereby protecting global environmental value. Stella McCartney's knit design continuously showed a longing for nature's beauty through fashion design, which allowed people to enjoy the meaning of symbiosis between human beings and animals. Second, 'Cultural Complexity' is the characteristic that appears in Stella McCartney's knit fashion design when collaborating with various artists and/or mixing traditional knit motives inspired by traditional cultures and retro moods. Third, 'Practical Functionality' is the design characterisitic that allows items to be worn for a long time as it is comfortable, simple, and practical. Stella McCartney's knit designs pursue easy-to-wear designs that are comfortable and have practical designs with simple details. Lastly, 'Subcultural Reproducibility' showed in Stella McCartney's knit designs reflect Hippie culture, which pursued a rejection of conventional values, and promoted sustainable energy. This culture peaked in the 1960s and 1970s, when 'Beatles' were mainly working. Additionally, retro styled knit designs inspired by other various music genres from the 1980s and 1990s appeared in this category as well.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2014

본 연구는 웹 소프트웨어의 복잡도와 객체지향 프로그래밍 측정자인 클래스 수(NOC), 메서드 수(NOM)와의 상관관계를 통하여 순환복잡도를 정량적으로 분석하고자 한다. 웹 환경에서 소프트웨어의 복잡도, NOC, NOM의 빈도분포를 근거로 복잡도한계값과 NOC한계값, 복잡도 한계값과 NOM한계값의 상관관계를 파악하기 위하여 실제 사용되는 10개의 웹 프로젝트에서 4,000여개의 ASP 파일이 표본으로 사용되었다. 실험 결과 NOC한계값은 21, NOM한계값은 40이었고 복잡도는 68의 높은 값을 보였으며 10개의 프로젝트 중 NOC, NOM이 특히 높은 빈도를 보이는 2개의 프로젝트를 제외한 8개의 프로젝트는 NOC한계값은 12, NOM한계값은 21이었고 복잡도 한계값도 52의 상대적으로 낮은 값을 나타내 상관관계가 있는 것으로 판명이 되었다. 또한 복잡도, NOC, NOM의 한계값이 낮은 8개의 프로젝트는 내부 관리 소프트웨어이었고 나머지 2개의 프로젝트는 외부 매매 서비스 소프트웨어임이 밝혀져 업무 특성에 따라 설계 단계에서 클래스 수, 메서드 수가 결정됨에 따라 복잡도도 미리 추정할 수 있어 품질 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권11C호
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• pp.673-681
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 직교 주파수분할 다중화 기반 시스템에서 공간 다양성을 높이기 위한 복잡도가 낮은 다중 안테나 릴레이 전송 방식을 설계한다. 기반이 되는 릴레이 전송 방식은 직교 주파수분할 다중화 신호를 주파수 영역변환 없이 시간 영역에서의 신호 처리만으로 시공간 부호화를 이룸으로써 IFFT와 FFT를 필요로 하지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 낮은 복잡도를 갖는 시공간 부호화 직교 주파수분할 다중화 릴레이 전송 방식을 상용 직교 주파수분할 다중화 시스템에 호환 기능하도록 전송 방식을 수정하고 다중 릴레이 환경에서 성능 향상을 위한 방법을 안테나별 수신 품질 정보 유무에 따라 제공한다. 제안하는 기법의 성능 평가 결과 다양성 이득이 향상되어 아웃티지 확률과 부호화 비트오류율 줄이는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이에, 직교 주파수분할 다중화 시스템을 적용하는 무선랜 및 해상 통신 시스템에서 서비스 품질 향상 또는 커버리지 확장에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Robert Venturi's theories like 'Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture' and 'Symbolism of Architecture' had a major impact on architects in postmodern culture and we could have his contextual understandings in those theories. In his early books, "Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture" and "Learning from Las Vegas", Robert Venturi showed theories related to context several times. But with looking at existing books or papers, we could barely see well-organized studies about his contextual understandings. So this study shows contextual approaches and thoughts with those theories, 'Complex and contradictory architecture', 'Architectural order and conventional architecture', 'Discontinuity in internal and external architecture', and 'Symbolism of architecture' in his two books. In those four theories, Venturi's contextual understandings are as fellows. To begin with, he developed contextual theories in architecture, understanding a whole building embracing each architectural factor, with architectural thoughts of complexity and contradiction. Second, he stressed architectural order to link each contradictory factor and used conventional architecture, as for existing common and ordinary things, to make available communication. Conventional factors were applied to urban viewpoints. Given the fact that contemporaries shared those factors, we could see contextual understandings in his approach. On top of that, unlike modern architects, he understood that functions of the inside and the outside were two different things. Based on contextual thoughts, he tried applying 'facade' that is one side providing an interface between in and out of a building to surroundings. Last, he wanted to express any meaningful connection between present and past, using symbolism in architecture. Presented by symbolism of architecture, architectural functions, architectural uses, historical meaning, ordinary factors, or something were also based on sharing in contemporary people. As the methodology to show these contextual factors, Venturi used an approach of symbolism.