• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2017

This study is a research based on the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design whose purpose is to examine the effects of music therapy on the anxiety of patients who take the Intravenous Urography test and their feeling of discomfort during the test. "The first hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be lower in score for anxiety during the Intravenous UrographyI test than the control group who do not was supported because after the therapy, the experimental group was found significantly decreased in that score in comparison to the control group. "The second hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be fewer in vital signs after the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was rejected in terms of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. But the same hypothesis was partially supported because the two groups showed a significant difference in pulse rate after the test. "The third hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be less in the feeling of subjective discomfort during the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was verified to find that the two groups were significantly different from each other in the feeling. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the two groups in only one sub-area of that These findings suggest that music therapy could be an alternative method which can effectively reduce the state anxiety of patients during the Intravenous Urography test.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2016

Concrete filled steel tube system has two major advantages. First, the confinement effect of steel tube improves the compressive strength of concrete. Second, the load capacity and deformation capacity of members are improved because concrete restrains local buckling of steel tube. It does, however, involve workability problem of using stud bolts or anchor bolts to provide composite effect for larger cross-sections. While the ribs inside the columns are desirable in terms of compressive behavior, they cause the deterioration in load capacity upon in-plane deformation resulting from thermal deformation. Since the ribs are directly connected with the concrete, the deformation of the ribs accelerates concrete cracking. Thus, it is required to improve the toughness of the concrete to resist the deformation of the ribs. Welding built-up tubular square columns can secure safety in terms of fire resistance if the problem are solved. This study focuses on mixing steel fiber in the concrete to improve the ductility and toughness of the columns. In order to evaluate fire resistance performance, loaded heating test was conducted with 8 specimens. The behavior and thermal deformation capacity of the specimens were analyzed for major variables including load ratio. The reliability of heat transfer and thermal stress analysis model was verified through the comparison of the results between the test and previous study.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: This study is a quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design study to compare and verify the educational effects between CPR Song.Video Self-Instruction and CPR VSI. Method: We selected total 58 subjects who were freshmen at the Dept of Emergency Medical technology, G College in G Metropolitan City and 28 of them were experimental group which had no experience to have CPR instruction and consented to take part in this research and 30 students were control group. Data were collected from Apr. 27 to 29, 2009. Data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+(version 14.0). and all significance level was set as p<0.05. Results: 1. In the knowledge of CPR, the knowledge level before CPR instruction was 2.17 out of 10 in experimental group and 1.86 in control group. After CPR instruction, experimental group got 9.07 and it meant the increase of 6.89 and control group showed increase to 7.16(p=0.000). 2. Self-efficacy of CPR showed 2.61 out of 10 in both experimental and control groups, and after CPR instruction, experimental group showed increase of 3.93 as 6.55 and control group showed increase of 3.91 as 6.52(p=0.000). 3. Accuracy of CPR performance was 0.32 out of 10 in experimental group and 0.40 in control group. After CPR instruction, experimental group got 9.25 and showed increase of 8.92 and control group got 9.20 and showed increase of 8.80(p=0.000). 4. Study satisfaction was 4.22 out of 5 in experimental group and 3.04 in control group, and experimental group was higher than control group. there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: This study found that CPR Song；Video Self-Instruction achieved better results than CPR VSI. With these results, it is considered that CPR instruction for college students through mass communication or video will be very helpful.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-112
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• 2011

These days utilization of copyright in daily life and economic activities is becoming more important than ever, and IT technology is developing day by day. Along with those fact, copyright infringement and dispute is naturally increasing. This thesis dealt with the 3 different issues of ADR on copyright. The First part, introduce ADR system that was performed by Korea Copyright Committee according to Copyright law. This paper evaluate the committee's efforts to provide resolution of copyright disputes via conciliation was effective. So it needs to be look over several countries' ADR, beside conventional judicial remedy. And Korea's copyright conciliation system which is successfully operating also introduced. Second, In many countries, including South Korea are take advantage of conciliation as the way to settle down the dispute over copyright. Furthermore, looked over if we can use arbitration as tool to settle dispute or not. Currently in Korea, patent dispute is handled by Industrial Property Dispute Conciliation Committee(The Invention Promotion Act Ch.5) and Layout-design Review and Mediation Committee(The Act on the Layout-designs of Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Art.29-34), but using performance of those two committee is still too low. In comparison, the copyright committee, a affiliation organization of the ministry of culture, sports and tourism has much more result in conciliation compare with patent dispute. Copyright disputes has arbitrability of it's subject-matter and many regulating organs are interested in it. (especially, binding of arbitral award and final resolution). Take advantage of both conciliation and arbitration could be good way to resolve copyright disputes. Third, the writer look at the proposal on the creation of Northeast Regional Center for Intellectual Property ADR. Because of the nature of copyright and rapid development of internet technology, international use of work become more frequent and accordingly infringement cases are increasing. The role of commercial arbitration regimes and institutions which has progressed significantly worldwide level, but which has only just begun in the intellectual property ADR area, leads also to a clash of often very different legal cultures and protection in a market economy. International cooperation in regional area with conflict interests becomes an important alternative. But it will depend on the building of regional institutions and mechanisms. The feasibility of this proposal and preconditions were examined. Establishment of new international organization requires a lot of time, cost and efforts. And risk of failure is much too high. Therefore factual, statistical review should be preceded. In addition, technical measures, such as on-line arbitration is necessary to review also. Furthermore in order to establish new organization, the relative law, legal environment, public sentiment and international compliance must be carefully considered with factual review about the needs and economic benefits of each country Yet on complex regulatory matters such as IP and ADR, a great deal of the potential benefits from international standards arises not from the international legal framework nor even the formal content of national legislation, but from the informed and effective use made of the possibilities within the system, including by policymakers and regulators.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 2004

This paper is concerned with the development of stacked ceramic thin actuation layer IDEAL (InterDigitated Electrode Actuation Layer) using d$_{33}$ actuation mechanism of piezoelectric ceramic. Most of the thin piezoelectric actuators are operated with d$_{31}$ actuation mechanism. Many kinds of piezoelectric ceramic actuators are strived now to improve the actuation performance. One of efforts to improve performance of piezoceramic actuators is the research trying to develop an actuator using the piezoelectric coefficient d$_{33}$ . The piezoelectric coefficient d$_{33}$ is almost twice larger than piezoelectric coefficient d$_{31}$ . Therefore, the induced strain of PZT thin layer with d$_{33}$ 3 actuation mechanism is bigger than that with d$_{31}$ actuation mechanism. The AFC(MIT) and LaRC-MFC$^{TM}$ which is developed by a research team of NASA Langley Research Center used d$_{33}$ actuation mechanism with surface interdigitated electrode to enhance its actuation performance. But their actuation mechanism is not perfect d$_{33}$ actuation mechanism since the interdigitated electrodes are placed at the surface of the actuation layer. In this research, the stacked ceramic thin actuation layer with imbedded interdigitated electrode is designed and manufactured. The actuation strain of stacked ceramic thin actuation layer is measured and compared with the actuation strain of the LaRC-MFC$^{TM}$. The comparison shows that the developed stacked ceramic thin actuation layer can produce 15% more actuation strain than LaRC-MFC$^{TM}$.> TM/.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a novel reconfigurable coprocessor for multimedia mobile terminals. Because most of multimedia operations require fast operations of large amount of data in the limited clock frequency, it is necessary to enhance the performance of the embedded processor that is widely used in current multimedia mobile terminals. Therefore, we proposed and have designed the coprocessor which had the ability of fast operations of multimedia data. The proposed coprocessor was not only reconfigurable, but also flexible and expandable. The proposed coprocessor has been designed by using VHDL and compared with previous reconfigurable coprocessors and a commercial embedded processor in architecture and speed. As a result of the architectural comparison, the proposed coprocessor had better structure in terms of hardware size and flexibility. Also, the simulation results of DCT application showed that the proposed coprocessor was 26 times faster than a commercial ARM processor and 11 times faster than the ARM processor with fast DCT core.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 1997

By considering the definition and application of resolution as well as the concept and theory of SAR, the essential contents of the SAR design and analysis are described. This paper is to compare and analyze the resolution performance capability of three techniques for achieving azimuth resolution such as the real aperture, the unfocused and the focused techniques, through the simulation. Simulation is performed to make the restricted conditions for the unfocused technique that can be implemented by the less commputing load of signal processingand the lower cost. Through the mission analysis, the use of SAR image can be applied for estimation of whole situation at the regional area in the field of military demands for tactical purpose as well as civilian demands for the damage of disaster. RPV and sall or medium aircraft are selected to carry the SAR for these purposes and the proper resolution turns ou 5~15 m. The trade-off study of variables through the simulations results in the proper conditions such that range is less 3, 000 m, Wavelength is 1~10 m, and the raw signals and results processed by three techniques for two point targets are exhibited undr such conditions. Therefore, at some points, the result of this paper si proposed for useful applications of unforcused technique in the restricted conditions except the identification of the small target at a long range re- quired for high resolution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

In general, the crash reduction effect of the rumble strip is reported to be about 30% in Korea, while it is about 40-60% in the United States. However, the effect is erroneously overestimated because the simple comparison was only made before and after the installation. Accordingly, this study will reassess the crash reduction effect of the rumble strip. The study will also examine the former's geometric characteristics as well as its effect on the causes of the crash. This study analyzed the crash effect while taking into consideration the changes in the horizontal and vertical alignment, including the width of pavement shoulders, using the crash data for two years before and after the installation of the rumble strip. The types of crash caused by the rumble strip were identified using the classification discriminant function. The crash effect on the rumble strip is estimated to be 28.3%, but the pure effect, with the exception of the effect by other elements, was analyzed to be 7.4%. For each expressway design element, the downhill section (2.0-3.0%), the section with less than 3,000 m and more than 10,000 m of the curve radius, and the section with less than 3.0 m of the pavement shoulder width were found to be effective in crash reduction. For each cause of crash, the rumble strip was analyzed to be effective in the reduction of crash caused by "not keeping the safe distance", "sleeping", "negligence in keeping eyes forward", and "excessive handle operation". In particular, the rumble strip was analyzed and seen to be especially effective in preventing crash caused by "not keeping a safe distance," and "sleeping". The installation of the rumble strip was found to be effective in the prevention of crash caused by "not keeping the safe distance" and "sleeping". The results of this study may thus be used in deciding the causes of crash and the installation location of the tailored rumble strip that would be suitable for the geometric characteristics of the roads. This study will also be helpful in the establishment of future traffic safety measures.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

The foundation of the multi-span greenhouse structures is designed with small shallow concrete foundation considering mainly the vertical load. However, recently, due to an abnormal climate such as strong wind, horizontal load and up-lift load over design strength are applied to the foundation, causing safety problems of the greenhouse foundation. In order to reasonably evaluate the safety of greenhouse foundations, rotational and pullout stiffness expressed by the ground-foundation interaction should be evaluated, which also affects the safety of the upper structural members. In this study, three representative basic foundation types were selected by classifying greenhouse standards in Korea according to the shape, and the horizontal loading tests and theoretical calculation were performed for each foundation type. As a result of the comparison and analysis of the test and calculation, it was found that rotational resistance of the foundation is different according to the ratio of the contact area between the foundation and ground when the conditions of the foundation - ground contact surface and the mechanical properties of the ground are the same.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1108-1117
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• 2003

In Guadeloupe small ruminants (SR) are reared for meat production under pasture conditions. Intensive rotational grazing systems (irrigated, fertilised and high stocked) allow reasonable levels of production but generate high post-grazing residues. Experiments were designed to control them. A system in which residuals were mown (RM) was tested in comparison to the control system (Residuals Remained, RR). The same design was carried out for two years with Creole goat (G) and Martinik sheep (S). An accelerated reproductive rate (3 parturitions over 2 years) was carried out. Systems were compared at three parturition seasons per year(dry, intermediate and rainy seasons). Each group was composed of 20 goats ($36.0{\pm}2.5kg$) or 20 ewes ($46.8{\pm}2.4kg$). The female body traits did not vary according to pasture management and seasons. The stocking rate averaged 1,400 kg LW/ha. The mean fertility rate for does varied significantly (p<0.05) within the kidding season, from $80.4{\pm}0.5%$ to $93.7{\pm}2.9%$ while the mean litter size was $2.30{\pm}0.07$ total kids born. No effect of pasture system was observed. Corresponding values for ewes were $83.2{\pm}12.8%$ vs. $75.6{\pm}12.5%$ (p<0.05) and $2.43{\pm}0.24$ vs. $2.03{\pm}0.29$ (p<0.01) total lambs born for SRM and SRR ewes, respectively. A seasonal effect was observed upon ewe performances. The preweaning mortality of kids and lambs averaged 16.3% and 14.4%, respectively. It was 7 and 9 percentage points more (p<0.01) for RR than for RM kids and lambs, respectively. For both species, weaning took place at an average age of $81.4{\pm}3.6days$. In Creole kids, live weight at birth and at weaning were $1.9{\pm}0.2kg$ and $8.9{\pm}0.8kg$, respectively. In the Martinik sheep, the traits averaged $2.9{\pm}0.2kg$ and $18.9{\pm}0.9kg$. For both traits in both species, significant (p<0.05) group${\times}$season interactions were recorded. The consequences of elimination of post-grazing residues varied according to the SR species, the environmental conditions and the animal physiological status. The forage characteristics were not limiting factors since forage availability in the RM systems (2,300 and 2,600 kg DM/ha, respectively) and chemical composition were at satisfactory levels (CP content averaged 12 and 10%). It is recommended to develop new grazing system which would allow the use of post-grazing residues instead of mowing the refusals.