• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.372-386
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to prove related practice factors of handwashing with soap and its practices by students in South Korea. Method: The subjects consisted of 700 students. Data were collected in Sep 2013 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Total number of handwashing times was 7.5 per day. 65.1% of the students used soap and most of the students washed their hands for 20 seconds(31.1%). Self-evaluation, awareness of effect for prevention of infectious disease, and need for handwashing education were positive, but evaluation of toilet environment was negative. Most of the students washed their hands for 21 seconds(%), and methods of handwashing were not appropriate. Level of awareness was over 85% in most items. Practice differed significantly according to locations, pattern of school, self-evaluation, awareness of effect for prevention of infectious disease, need for education handwashing, and toilet environment. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the students learned methods of handwashing for its practice in South Korea, and they were considered as general characteristics of handwashing from students. In addition, results mentioned above will be reflected in development of educational programs for improvement of handwashing efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-61
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• 1999

This thesis is attempted to ananlyze the relationship between the empowerment in the nursing work environment, the job-related personal charateristics and the nursing job performance according to the individual variables of hospital, age, experience, education, position, practice area, number of nurses in the practice area, number of beds. 'Opportunity', 'support', 'informantion', ,resource' are used as structural factors of empowerment suggested by Kanter's theory of structural power in organization, and 'self-efficacy', 'burnout', 'motivation', 'organizational commitment' are defined as four job-related personal charateristics. The ultimate goal of this study is to find out the work effectiveness of the structural factors of empowerment and the job-related personal charateristics. The basic data consists of two sets of questionaires. One is the self-reporting quetionaires for the staff nurses and the other one is questionaires answered by nursing managers. The latter is designed to objectively measure the job performance. A total of 523 items of data are collected randomly from nursing population of 7 different university teaching hospitals in Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed mainly using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis. ANOVA, and Duncan test according to the various purposes of the analysis. The main results of this study are as follows : 1. The mean score of four structural empowerment factors are ranked by support, opportunity, resource, and information. And among the four job-related personal charateristics self-efficacy factor shows especially high score. 2. The results of the correlation analysis between the empowerment factors and the job-related personal charateristics are as follow: 1) The 'opportunity' factor is correlated with organizational commitment' (r=.37), 'motivation' (r=.36), 'burnout' (r=-.17), and (r=.09). 2) The 'information' factor is correlated with 'organizational commitment' (r=.44), 'motivation' (r=.39), 'burnout' (r=-.24), and 'self-efficacy' (r=.17), 3) The 'support' factor is correlated with 'organizational commitment' (r=.47). 'motivation' (r=.42), 'burnout' (r=-.24), and 'self-efficacy (r=.20), 4) The 'resource' factor is correlated with 'burnout' (r=-.28), 'organizational commitment' (r=.26), and 'motivation' (r=.26), 3. The job performance are correlated with 'motivation' (r=.24) , 'self-efficacy' (r=.16), 'burnout' (r=-.16) and 'organizational commitment' (r=.12), 4. The job performance are correlated with' support' (r=.17), 'information' (r=.12) 'opportunity' (r=.10), 5. The result of ANOVA for analysing the relationship between the structural factors of empowerment and individual variables shows that the level of empowerment are significantly different by the variables such as 'hospital' and 'the number of beds in the practice area'. In summary, there were several findings in this study, First, the structural factors of empowerment defined as opportunity, support, information are significantly correalted with the job-related personal charateristics that are supposed to relate to the level of job performance. These results support the basic hypothesis suggested by Kanter's theory and implies that for improving the job performance of nurses, hospital has to have more concern about the structural factors of nursing environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-367
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• 1990

This descriptive study was done to identify factors influencing sexual satisfaction in women who had had a hysterectomy and to compare these with women who had not had a hysterectomy. The purpose was to contribute theoretical understanding on which to base nursing care planning. One group of subjects were 156 women who had had a hysterectomy, between one and 18 months post surgery, living with their spouse, having no complications, and menstruating before surgery. The other group of subjects were 282 healthy women who were living with their husbands and menstruating. The study tool consisted of 108 items including item concerning personal characteristics, characteristics related to the hysterectomy, husband's support, body image, emotions, attitude toward the sexual relationship, knowledge of sexuality, sexual behavior, and sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction was measured by a tool based on Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory. The range of the internal level of the study tool was from. 5208 to .9462. Data collection was done during the period from June 20 to Aug.20, 1989. The same questionnaire was used of data collection for both groups, but a mail survey method was used for the women who had had a hysterectomy, and an interview method was used for the women who had not had a hysterectomy. Data analysis was done using frequency, ratio, mean and S.D. for the characterstics of the subjects and level of sexual satisfaction. t - test or ANOVA was used for the differences between the groups with regard to the general and hysterectomy related characteristics. The relationship between the score for sex life related factors and the level of sexual satisfaction was analyzed using the Pearson Correlation, and the influencing factors on sexual satisfaction were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Mean age and income level were the only general characteristics for the two groups that were significantly different. The mean age, and income level of the group who had had a hysterectomy were 45years, and 1,150,000 won respectively, and for those who had not had a hysterectomy, 41 years and 999,000 won. 2. There was no statistical difference of the sexual satisfaction score between the two groups. 3. There was differences in the factors influencing sexual satisfaction between the two groups. Factors influencing sexual satisfaction for the group who had had a hysterectomy were husband's support (R＝.5793, P＝.000) and the women's Knowledge of sexuality(R＝.6670, P＝.000) (total variance : 33.56). On the other hand, emotional status(R＝.4294, P＝.000), sexual behavior(R＝.4294, P＝.000), husband's support(R＝.5274, P＝.000) and attitude towards sexual relations (R＝.5412, P＝.000) (total variance : 54.12) were the factors influencing sexual satisfaction in the group who had not had a hysterectomy. Since husband's support and sexuality knowledge were identified as factors influencing sexual satisfaction of women who have had a hysterectomy, it can be concluded that, before a woman who has had a hysterectomy is discharged from hospital, nurses should include strategies in the nursing care plan that will promote husband's support and the women's knowledge of sexuality.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.62-73
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• 1985

The problems of growth & development due to maladjustment are gradually increasing while need for the treatment of children's diseases is decreasing. The level of developmental deficiency or delay correlates with neonatal birth weight and also with gestational age, i.e. degrees of prematurity. There-fore, developmental defects and potential risk factors' are more Common in premature infants than in full term infants. The purpose of this study is to define the difference in the growth at developmental status between premature and full term infants, and to define the relation between the developmental status and the physical growth during the first 3 years' Data were collected from January 10, 1985 to April 6, 1985 at 3 hospitals including St. Mary's Hospital, and through home visiting. The subjects of this study consisted of 79 Premature infants (G.A. <37wks. & B.W. <2.5kg) and 94 full term infants (G.A.≥37 wks. & B.W.≥2.5kg). The study method used was a questionnaire, anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of growth & development. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test. The results of the study were as follows: Hypothesis: 1 : That the prematures will differ from the full term infants in the physical growth status during the first 3 years was partially supported (p＜0.02) : The prematures reached up the full term infants in the physical growth status in the first 6 months. And, the first hypothesis was supported (P<0.01) : There are more cases which is below‘the Korean children's physical. growth standards’in prematures than in full term infants. Hypothesis 2 : That the prematures will differ from the full term infants in the developmental status during the first 3 years was supported (P< 0.001)；‘Normal’developmental status due to DDST was less in prematures than in full term infants. And, the second hypothesis was Partially supported (P<0.02) : The developmental status of the pre-matures was different from that of the full term infants within the first 3 months by analysis of passed items in DDST, Hypothesis 3 : That the prematures' developmental status will relate to their physical growth during the first 3 years was supported (P<0.001) : If the prematures' developmental status is in delayed status, then, their physical growth status is also in delayed status. This study shows that the prematures differed significantly from the full term infants in the growth at developmental status during their infancy. This means that the nurse can foster the growth & development of the prematures by supportive care during their infancy. Further longitudinal study is needed to verify these findings for the environmental factors.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.224-237
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was designed to describe the relationship on climacteric symptom and health behavior according to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in climacteric women. Method : Data were collected through self-reported questionaries which were constructed to include a climacteric symptom and health behaviors of climacteric women. The subjects for this study were 135 climacteric women between 45-65 years of age living in Kuri city. Among them. 65 were in the experimental group and the other 70 were in the control group. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2-test$, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results : The results were as follows 1) There was no significant difference on the climacteric symptom between the group of women receiving HRT and those who did not (t=1.973, p=0.162). 2) The mean health behavior score for the group of women receiving HRT was significantly higher than those who did not(t=2.557, p=0.042). 3) The climacteric symptom and health behavior were positively correlated (r=.289, p=0.015) in women receiving HRT, while these were negatively correlated (r=-.242, p=0.043) in women without HRT. 4) Women in the HRT group showed higher climacteric symptom than the those In the control group in most items. 5) The mean score for health behavior was 2.76 in the hormone replacement therapy group and 2.35 for the control group. 6) For women in the experimental group, climacteric symptom was significantly different by the level of education (F=7.371, p=.001). 7) For women in the control group, climacteric symptom was significantly different by the number of children (F=2.873, p=.044), the level of education (F=5.616, p=.006), the number of abortion (F=3.231, p=.015), and the status of menstruation (F=4.129, p=.020). 8) For women in the experimental group, health behavior was significantly different by the level of education (F=7.351, p=.001), frequency of exercise (F=8.106, p=.000), and the status of menstruation (F=3.446, p=.032), 9) For women in the control group, health behavior was significantly different by frequency of the exercise (F=7.381, p=.001). Conclusion : This study results indicated that there was no association between the HRT and climacteric symptoms, while there was positive correlations between the HRT and health behavior. Therefore. it is assumed that HRT increases the positive health behavior of women.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 2001

The purposes of the study were to develop an instrument for family value and to identify the relationships of family value, family hardiness, and family adaptation by appling the family value scale to family with cancer children. The study was conducted in three phases. 1) A survey was conducted from July 20 to August 20, 1999 and 18 items of general family value scale was modified from the data of 153 fathers and 164 mothers. 2) In-depth interviews were made with 29 parents of cancer children from April 20, 1998 to May 20, 1999 to develop family value scale with cancer children, and 12 statements were developed. 3) The final survey was conducted from July 18, 2000 to August 30, 2000 and the data from 309 parents of children who are diagnosed as cancer, 18 or less years of age, and treated either hospitalized or at the outpatient clinics were analyzed to identify the relationships of the concepts. The data analysis utilized SAS 6.12 and LISREL 8 for descriptive statistics, correlation, and Regression for path analysis. The study findings are as follows. The psychometric testing of general family value scale was Cronbach's alpha = 0.78. The reliability of the family value scale with cancer children showed the reliability as Cronbach's alpha = 0.73. Demographic characteristics showing significant correlations were cancer children's age, period of illness, period after completing treatment, mother's age, mother's education level, monthly income, payment type, confidence with health professional, and severity of children's illness. The correlation coefficients among major variables showed that family stressor was positively related with family strains(r=0.33, p<.001), and negatively related with family hardiness(r=-0.21, p<.001). Family strains was negatively related with family hardiness(r= -0.41, p<.001) and family adaptation(r=-0.46, p<.001). Correlations of family hardiness was positive with family value with cancer children(r=-0.31, p<.001), and negative with general family value(r=-0.16, p<.01). Family hardiness was positively related with family adaptation(r=0.35, p<.001). The causal relationship between study variables showed that family strains predicts general family value(γ=0.12, t=2.02), family value with cancer children predicts family hardiness(γ=0.31, t=6.30), family strains predicts family hardiness(γ=-0.40, t=-7.70), family value with cancer children predicts family adaptation(γ=-0.23, t=-4.11), and family hardiness predicts family adaptation(γ=0.43, t=7.78).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 1998

The early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attainment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus-response accomplished by learning. Helping for maternal role attainment is one of nursing goals in the early postpartum period. Based on King's conceptual framework for nursing, this study was planned as descriptive correlation study to determine the significant differences of the degree of nursery room nurses' role performance according to several variables of personal, interpersonal, and working system of nurses in nursery room. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to help maternal role attainment of the early postpartum period of mothers and to the development of relevant nursing theory. The data were collected from Feb. 3 to 28 by questionnaires with 273 nurses in nursery room. The instruments for this study were consisted of four parts : 21 questions for rot performance of nurse. 37 questions for personal system of nurse including 31 questions for role perception of nurse : 65 questions for interpersonal system including 63 questions for job stress of nurses , 18 questions for working system of nurse. The toos to measure role performance and role perception, and job stress of nurse were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.9612, 0.9058, and 0.9649. The data were analysed by using in S.A.S. computerized program and included percentage, t-test, ANOVA Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Duncan multiple range test. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The mean score of the items of role performance was 2.12(SD=0.55) in Likert's 4 points scale. 2. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to role perception(p=0.0001), age (p=0.006), educational background(p=0.002) , and certificate of midwife (p=0.03) among variables of personal system of subjects. 3. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to job stress (p=0.0001) and numbers of children(p=0.006) among variables of interpersonal system of subjects. 4. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to having opportunities for baby(p=0.03), the degree of flexibility to bring baby to mother's room(p=0.046), the scope of visitor for baby(p=0.016) , the degree of flexibility of visiting for baby (p=0.049) , the degree of participation of nurse in establishing visiting rules(p=0.017), existence and/or nonexistance of rules for breast feeding(p=0.010) , existence and/or nonexistance of education for breast feeding (p=0.009), existence and/or nonexistance of breast feeding room(p=0.013) , concert methods for breast feeding (p=0.003), working place (p=0.0001), and career(p=0.019) among variables of personal system of subjects.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 2000

Middle age for women is one of the most important stages of the whole normal life span and has unique problems concerning the psychological and physical health, specifically degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore middle age women should prepare in order to lead a healthy and fruitful life as they enter/begin old age. As the population of middle age women increase, the demands of nurses who care for this age group also continue to glow. Nurses must be interested in this middle age group of women in Korea. This study was designed to identify the extent of family support and self-esteem of the middle age women with degenerative musculoskeletal diseases and the relationship between them and nurse's contribution to middle age women's health promotion that maintain and promote qualify of her life. The population of this study was 112 women aged 40-60, attending the out patient clinic one University Hospital and one Hospital, in Pusan. The data was collected from 1st August to the 30th of September, 1998 by using 36 items questionnaire. The instrument used for measuring family support was of Chai's(1983) FSS which was modified by Kang's(1984) Family Support Scale. And that for self-esteem was Rosenberg's(1965) Self-esteem Scale. The reliability of Chai's FSS and Rosenberg's instruments were tested by Cronbach's alpha and showed that they were 0.93 and 0.89 each respectively. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS computer program. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of the perceived family support was $39.31{\pm}9.42$. 2. The mean score of the perceived self-esteem was $33.16{\pm}6.75$. 3. Statistically significant factors influencing the family support among sociodemographic variables was satisfaction of marriage(F=-3.069, p<0.003). 4. Statistically significant factors influencing the self-esteem among sociodemographic variables were age(F=3.992, p=0.000), education(F=2.260, P=0.026), housing (F=-1.987, P=0.049) and satisfaction of marriage(F=-2.305, P=0.023). 5. There was a significant correlation between family support and self-esteem (r=.621, p<.000). In conclusion, perceived the family support was important for middle age women to increase their self-esteem. Nurses should be aware of the necessity of family support in the supportive nursing of middle age women and should be able to make a plan to educate the family about supporting the wife/mother. The continuing study of the health promotion of middle age women to find out variables influencing middle age women' health must continue.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2011

Background : Complementary and alternative medicine has bee used to cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, many hospitals have tried to integrate complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) with conventional medical approaches for patients with chronic diseases. Recently, the prevalence of the use of traditional Korean medicine(TKM) among patients with chronic diseases, expecially, hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident is increasing in Korea. To date, however, there were only few studies addressing the patients' attitudes, and utilization of TKM, compared to the well-documented escalating use of TKM among consumers in Korea. Objectives : The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of TKM use among hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident and to determine what factors affect to use CAM among the patients. The study also aims to provide information on TKM and assist therapy selection among various CAM therapies for hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident within health care system in which both practitioners of TKM and practitioners of modern Western medicine coexisted. Methods : The design of the study was descriptive cross-sectional, and data were collected using a 32-items questionnaire. The subjects were one hundred fifty nine patients with chronic diseases who visited or admitted to health care facilities in a hospital in Seoul Metropolitan city, Korea. Data were analyzed using 'SPSS Statistics 18.0 Network Version(on release 18.0.1 of PASW Statistics)' program. Various statistical methods were used to obtain a profile for participants and the therapies most frequently used by hemiplegia patients of TKM. Logistic regression analysis was employed in order to determine the predicting variables of TKM use. Results : The prevalence of the use of TKM was 51.6%. The most common TKM therapies used by the patients included acupuncture(93.2%), herbal medicine(64.8%), and cupping(37.5%). Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that the variables significantly related with TKM use were gender, marital status, job, No. of visiting health care facilities/week. Conclusions : This study shows that the use of TKM among the hemiplegia patients is relatively high in Korea, this topic should be taken into account in the development of a holistic approach for patients with chronic diseases and an efficient chronic disease management system in Korea.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.7-21
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• 2020

Objective : The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the assessment items and tools used for the discharge of stroke and elderly patients and to help select appropriate assessment tools for discharge planning. Methods : The studies included in this review were collected from the PubMed, Medline Complete (EBSCOhost), and Scopus databases from January 2009 to December 2018. A total 22 studies were selected. The research types, the areas and sub-areas of assessment, as well as the assessment tools according to the areas were analyzed. Results : Descriptive research (59.2%) was the most frequent type of research. The 12 main areas of assessment were medical condition, activities of daily living, swallowing function, sensation, mobility, cognition and perception, communication, emotion, home environment, patient knowledge and readiness for discharge, social support, and well-being. Among the assessment tools, the most frequently used tools were Bathel Index; Functional Independence Measure, to assess activities of daily living; Short-Form Health Survey, to assess well-being, and Timed Up and Go test, to assess mobility. Conclusion : This study will help select the assessment areas and tools to be considered at discharge of stroke patients and serve a basis for the development of comprehensive assessment tools for discharge planning.