• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

Objectives : We examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Depression and Somatic Symptom Scale (DSSS) in Korean patients with depressive symptoms. Methods : Participants were 55 outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, a depressive episode of bipolar I disorder, somatoform disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria. We assessed them using the Korean versions of the DSSS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS-SR). Results : The Korean version DSSS had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90. Moreover, each item's correlation with the total score was statistically significant (r=0.24-0.71, p<0.01). The test-retest correlation coefficient (r=0.83, p<0.01) was relatively high, and the DSSS correlations with the HDRS and QIDS-SR were 0.77 and 0.74, respectively. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the Korean version of the DSSS could be a reliable and valid tool for screening and assessing depressive patients. The Korean version of the DSSS will be a useful tool for screening both depressive and somatic symptoms in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2011

Objectives：This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric problems in children with scholastic difficulties who had been referred for mental health services from the Office of Education in Ulsan Metropolitan City. Methods：Child psychiatrists evaluated the referred children using the DSM-IV. Evaluation tools included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Korean form of the State-trait anxiety Inventory for children, the ADHD rating. Results：Seventy-six children consisting of 64 boys (84.2%) and 12 girls (15.8%) participated in the study. The average age was 10.3 (SD=0.93) years old. Approximately 74% of the children referred for scholastic difficulties were diagnosed with mental retardation. The Axis I diagnosis among these children were ADHD (86.8%), depression (21.1%), learning disorder (9.2%), communication disorder (4.8%), pervasive developmental disorder (3.6%), internet addiction (1.3%), and mood disorder (1.3%). Their overall measure according to the Child Depression Inventory was 22.7 (SD=16.8), that for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children was 33.3 (SD=7.9)/32.4 (SD=9.5), and that for the ADHD rating scale was 18.9 (SD=10.9). Conclusion：These results suggest that many children with scholastic difficulties have both complex psychiatric and educational problems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.609-617
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the depression of patients for Fibromyalgia Syndrome(FMS) and to identify the factors influencing depression. Method: The instruments used here are Beck Depression Inventory in depression, the Korean Rheumatology Health Association' instruments in Self-Efficacy. Also, Pain and Fatigue was measured by Visual Graphic Rating Scale. The subject of study is 76 outpatients diagnosing FMS from rheumatism specialists at C hospital in D city. The data has been collected from Sep. 1st to Sep. 30th in 2001. For the analysis of collected data, frequency analysis, independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis with SAS statistical program. Result: General characteristics showing statistically significant difference in depression were age, education, occupation, gender, exercise and sleep in the patients with FMS. Depression for the patients with FMS has negative correlation coefficients with Self-efficacy and ADL, and positive correlation coefficients with Pain and Fatigue. The suitable regression form resulting from the multiple regression analysis to investigate the influencing factors of depression for the partients with FMS was expressed by y =50.067 - 0.278x$_1$ + 1.320x$_2$ (x$_1$: Self-Efficacy x$_2$: Fatigue) and $R^2$ =0.427. Conclusion: The factors influencing on depression of patients for FMS was Self-Efficacy, ADL, Pain, and Fatigue. Further study needs to be done identify methods of overcoming and presentation of depression in FMS.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2019

Objectives : Cognitive dysfunction, including inattention, is often observed in patients with depression. Inattentive symptoms in patients with depression is similar to those among attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. It is important to diagnose the two diseases accurately, because the treatment varies depending on the cause of inattention. This study aimed to investigate the coexistence rate of ADHD and the correlation between ADHD symptoms and depression in patients with depression. Methods : Participants in this study were 158 outpatients presenting with depression, who visited the psychiatric department from March 2015 to July 2018. Participants divided into a depression and a non-depression group according to the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) score and were administered the following : a sociodemographic variables form (age, sex, academic background, occupation), the self-reporting test for adult ADHD (Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder self-report scale-V 1.1; ASRS V1.1), and the Korean version of the Connors adult ADHD rating scale (K-CAARS). Descriptive statistical analysis, crossover analysis, t-tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were conducted on the data. Results : The coexistence rate of adult ADHD symptom was as high as 36.7% in patients with depression (p<0.001). In K-CAARS, the depression group (Inattention=1.80, Hyperactivity=1.92, Impulsivity=1.56, Self-concept=2.06) showed higher average scores on ADHD symptoms than the non-depressive group (Inattention=1.28, Hyperactivity=1.25, Impulsivity=1.09, Self-concept=1.42, p<0.001). Conclusions : This study confirmed that ADHD symptoms coexist in the depression group. When evaluating the symptoms of patients who complain of depression, it is suggested that they should be accurately diagnosed and appropriately treated with interest to the coexistence of ADHD symptoms and the possibility for ADHD diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to assess effects of aromatherapy on anxiety and depression of caregivers for patients in rehabilitation therapy and to provide basic data for the aromatherapy. Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) for the preliminary assessment of anxiety and depressive mood were administered to caregivers for patients in rehabilitation therapy in Chungbuk National University Hospital. Forty two out of seventy subjects who got scores above 10 in BDI were selected. Forty two Participants were divided into orange group, lavender group and control group. They had got the aromatherapy by using the lamp diffusion method for 4 weeks. Only forty participants completed a trial. Effects of the aromatherapy were measured using BAI, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A), BDI, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAM-D), Self Esteem Scale(SES) and Index of Wellbeing(IOWB) before and after the aromatherapy. Orange group showed significant difference in the change of BDI scores compared with control group. Lavender group showed significant difference in the mean change of BAI, BDI and IOWB scores compared with control group. These results suggested that aromatherapy with orange oil was effective for depression and the aromatherapy with lavender oil was effective for anxiety as well as depression.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.485-496
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• 1997

This study explored the relationships between Husband's emotional support and the mother's postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to contribute to theoretical understanding of the relationships among these two variables and eventually to direct the planning of nursing care that enhance the health status of mothers in the postpartum period. Data were collected from January to June, 1995, with 47 postpartum Korean mothers in NewHampshire state in The United States of America. Postpartum depression was measured by Jung's Self-rating Depression Scale and husband's support was measured by Husband's support scale developed by Cho, Young Sook. Postpartum depression and husband's support were measured by postpartum mothers on the 3rd postpartum day and 2 weeks. The data were analysed by an SPSS computerized program and Percentages, t-test, paired t-test. ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression were used. The result of this study were summerized as follows ; 1. Mother's postpartum depression was greater at two weeks than the 3rd day (t=-2.64, p<.05). 2. Mother's percieved husband's supportive behavior was lower at 2 weeks than the 3rd day(t=-3.14,p<.01) 3. The higher the husband's supportive behavior, the lower the postpartum mother's depression (r=-2650,-2845;p<.01) 4. In this study, variables related to the mother's postpartum depression were husband's support, how much the husband liked the baby, occupation, and the knowledge of how to care for the baby. 5. In addition, by using Stepwise multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the main influencing factors on the postpartum depression. The variables - husband's support, how much the husband liked the baby and job made it possible to explain 48.61% of variance in postpartum depression. In conclusion, this study revealed that husband's support is an important factor that decrease the immigrant mother's postpartum depression.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of ethyl chloride spray during arteriovenous fistula puncture on pain, depression, and noncompliance in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study used a randomized controlled trial design on adults with chronic renal failure who received hemodialysis treatment through arteriovenous fistula. Ethyl chloride spray was applied to 20 subjects in the experimental group during arteriovenous fistula puncture, and a placebo spray was applied to 20 subjects in the control group; the intervention was conducted 12 times for 4 weeks. A total of 33 participants were used in the final analysis. The outcomes were measured using the face pain rating scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and modified United States Renal Data System tools. Results: As a result of the pre-homogeneity test between the two groups, it was confirmed that the sexes were not homogeneous. Therefore, sex was treated as a covariate and analyzed. Puncture pain was significantly reduced in the experimental group (p<.001). However there was no significant difference between the groups in depression and noncompliance. Conclusion: Ethyl chloride spray was convenient and effective pain management intervention for both hemodialysis patients and medical staff.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.906-916
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the change and difference and relationship of postpartum depression and physical image. Method: The subjects consisted of 86 postpartum women at one general hospital in Seoul. The data was collected from September to November 2001. The instrument used for this study were SRD (Self-Rating Depression Scale) and Norris' Body Image Scale to evaluate depression and body image. The collected data was analyzed with frequency, mean, t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: The result of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of D2 was significantly higher than D1(p=.003). There was no difference significantly B1 and B2(p=310). 2. There was significant correlation between the two, D1-D2(r=.381, p<.01), B1-B2(r=.364, p<.01), D1-B1(r=.579, p<.01), D2-B2(r= .567, p<.01). (*D1: depression of postpartum 1-3days, D2: depression of postpartum 6-8weeks, B1: body image of postpartum 1-3days, B2: body image of postpartum 6-8weeks) Conclusion: There was very high postpartum depression in postpartum women, but body image was positive. Also, there was correlated to postpartum depression and body image. Thus it is necessary to implement nursing intervention focused on to decrease the postpartum depression and to enhance the body image of the postpartum women.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the long-term effects of the self-help program for arthritis patients. The subjects were 126 patients who have participated in the 6-week self-help program from 1997 to 2000, agreed to participate in this study by telephone interview and responded the mailed questionnaires. The measurement tools of this study were all self-reported questionnaires such as Numerical Pain Rating Scale, the number of pain sites, Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire, Numerical Fatigue Rating Scale, CES-D depression scale, Self-efficacy scale, Social support scale. The repeated measure ANOVA revealed the significant differences among the pre post follow-up pain and fatigue. Whileas there were no significant differences the pre post follow-up pain site and physical functioning. And there were also no significant differences the pain, pain site, fatigue and physical functioning among three groups according to the duration of follow-up. These results suggested that the follow-up program after the self-help program was completed would be helpful for the physical wellbeing of arthritis patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scrambler and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The experimental group performed scrambler therapy. The control group performed electrical nerve stimulation therapy. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week, for three weeks. The pain was measured using the numeric rating scale. Functional disability was measured using the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of comparison between the groups, the experimental and control groups showed significant difference for pain, functional disability and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which scrambler therapy was applied, showed a more significant reduction in pain, functional disability and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, scrambler therapy shows positive effects on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain.