• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.373-386
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• 2011

Students approach mathematical problem solving in fundamentally different ways, particularly problems requiring conceptual understanding and complicated strategies. The main objective of this study is to compare students' performance with different thinking styles (Field-dependent vs. Field independent) in mathematical problem solving. A sample of 242 high school males and females (17-18 years old) were tested based on the Witkin's cognitive style (Group Embedded Figure Test) and by a math exam designed in accordance with Bloom's Taxonomy of cognitive level. The results obtained indicated that the effect of field dependency on student's mathematical performance was significant. Moreover, field-independent (FI) students showed more effective performance than field-dependent (FD) ones in math tasks. Male students with FI styles achieved higher results compared to female students with FD cognitive style. Moreover, FI students experienced few difficulties than FD students in Bloom's Cognitive Levels. The implications of these results emphasize that cognitive predictor variables (FI vs. FD) could be challenging and rather distinctive factor for students' achievement.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2014

The goal of this study was to contemplate the impact of visual formative elements on the satisfaction level of visitors in websites of toy-style products. To attain the goal, the visual element of motion graphics in websites of toy-style products, i. e., color, layout, illustration, and, typography, were independent variables and the satisfaction level of visitors as a dependent variable. The variables were analyzed objectively. First, it appeared that visual formative elements of motion graphics appeared in websites of toy-style products exerted statistically significant impacts on the satisfaction level of visitors. Second, the element exerting the most significant impact on the satisfaction level of visitors among the visual formative elements in websites of toy-style products were appeared as 'illustration' and 'color'. Thus, it was concluded that it is necessary to give priority in 'illustration' and 'color' to enhance the satisfaction level of visitors.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1521-1536
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• 2017

This paper introduces a representation style of variable binding using dependent types when formalizing meta-theoretic properties. The style we present is a variation of the Coquand-McKinna-Pollack's locally-named representation. The main characteristic is the use of dependent families in defining expressions such as terms and formulas. In this manner, we can handle many syntactic elements, among which wellformedness, provability, soundness, and completeness are critical, in a compact manner. Another point of our paper is to investigate the roles of free variables and constants. Our idea is that fresh constants can entirely play the role of free variables in formalizing meta-theories of first-order predicate logic. In order to show the feasibility of our idea, we formalized the soundness and completeness of LJT with respect to Kripke semantics using the proof assistant Coq, where LJT is the intuitionistic first-order predicate calculus. The proof assistant Coq supports all the functionalities we need: intentional type theory, dependent types, inductive families, and simultaneous substitution.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.706-715
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• 1998

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of maternity apparel style and job type on the likability and the occupational competence of pregnant working women. This study was 3'S factorial design. Independent variables of this study were maternity apparel style(feminine style, neutral style, and masculine style) and job type(assitant manager of bank and salesperson). Dependent variables were the likability and the occupational competence of the stimuli. One hundred eighty college females participated in the study, in which half of the subject viewed the stimuli as a salesperson and the other half as an assistant manager of bank. The results showed that maternity apparel style influenced the perception of likability(F(2,174)=6.97, p<.001) and occupational competence(F(2,174): 16.25, p<.001) significantly. Also lob type influenced the occupational competence(F(1,174) : 3.94, p<.05) signifcantly. There was a significant interaction(F(2,174) : 2.53 p(.10) between maternity apparel style and job type. In future researches, diverse job distinction other than the classification of being professional or non-being professional can be arranged to study the influence of job type. Also it is recommended to explore the interaction between the appearance cues except clothing and job type.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among body cathexis, preference in style, clothing behavior and clothing purchase behavior. Based upon the effect of body cathexis and preference in style on adolescence clothing purchase behavior, this study suggests classification of the future adolescence consumers for fashion marketing. The questionnaire were administered to 1400 middle school and high school students living in Seoul and Inchon. Data were analyzed by Frequency, Factor analysis, Correlation analysis, Regression analysis, SPSS. This study used body cathexis and preference in style as Independent variables, clothing behavior and clothing purchase behavior as Dependent variables.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제23권2E호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a style-specific language model adaptation scheme using n-gram based tf*idf similarity for Korean spontaneous speech recognition. Korean spontaneous speech shows especially different style-specific characteristics such as filled pauses, word omission, and contraction, which are related to function words and depend on preceding or following words. To reflect these style-specific characteristics and overcome insufficient data for training language model, we estimate in-domain dependent n-gram model by relevance weighting of out-of-domain text data according to their n-. gram based tf*idf similarity, in which in-domain language model include disfluency model. Recognition results show that n-gram based tf*idf similarity weighting effectively reflects style difference.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2008

T Abstract This study investigates the influence of differential factors on learner satisfaction by field-independent learning style in e-learning. Most of data were collected from students. Participants were classified based on a learning style typology (field-independent/dependent) and, then, analyzed was the influence of key factors on learner satisfaction using multiple regression analysis. This study suggests that e-Learning service providers need to differentiate learners based on learning style in order to improve learner satisfaction. Specially, Field independent learners are more likely to be satisfied by the teacher's provide degree of joyful, degree of contents, degree of learning control pacing, ability of problem solving and consistency.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 5월 학술대회지
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• pp.83-86
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• 2003

This paper presents our style-based language model adaptation for Korean conversational speech recognition. Korean conversational speech is observed various characteristics of content and style such as filled pauses, word omission, and contraction as compared with the written text corpora. For style-based language model adaptation, we report two approaches. Our approaches focus on improving the estimation of domain-dependent n-gram models by relevance weighting out-of-domain text data, where style is represented by n-gram based tf*idf similarity. In addition to relevance weighting, we use disfluencies as predictor to the neighboring words. The best result reduces 6.5％ word error rate absolutely and shows that n-gram based relevance weighting reflects style difference greatly and disfluencies are good predictor.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.332-349
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 성격유형 검사 도구와 e-러닝 학습양식 도구를 이용하여 대학생의 계열별, 성별, 인터넷 사용량과 e-러닝 학습양식의 관계를 알아보고, e-러닝 학습양식과 성격유형의 관계를 알아보았다. 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 계열별(공과계열, 인문 사회계열, 예 체능계열) 대학생간에 e-러닝 학습양식의 유형은 같다. 대학생들이 주로 사용하는 e-러닝 학습양식은 환경의존적 자기주도 학습형, 적극적 협동 학습형, 독자적 자율 학습형, 소극적 학습형의 순서이다. 둘째, 성별 e-러닝 학습양식은 다르다. 남,녀 모두 환경의존적 자기주도 학습형이 많지만 특히 여학생의 경우 더 높게 나타났으며 남학생은 적극적 협동학습형이 상대적으로 높다. 셋째, 인터넷 사용량에 따른 e-러닝 학습양식의 차이가 없다. 넷째, 성격유형 즉, 외향/내향, 감각/직관, 사고/감정, 판단/인식형에 따른 e-러닝 학습양식의 차이는 없다. 따라서 성격유형은 e-러닝 학습양식에 영향을 미치지 않는다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.21-47
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of English vocabulary learning strategies such as definition-oriented/contextoriented/situated context-oriented vocabulary learning strategy according to the cognitive styles of learners and interaction effect on the achievement test score between the learners' cognitive style and vocabulary learning strategies. The results show that there is no significant difference in the achievement test scores between field-dependent learner group and field-independent learner group. And there is significant difference in the English vocabulary achievement test scores among three experimental treatment groups, definition-oriented, context-oriented, situated context-oriented vocabulary learning strategy groups. Finally, there is an interaction effect on the achievement test score between the learners' cognitive style and vocabulary learning strategies.