• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2005

This study is the quasi-experimental study on the gait training rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to prepare the baseline data for most suitable of gait while we were scrutinizing how the walking characters, functional walking ability, gait quality of stroke patients were affected by the gait on BWSTT (Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training) through the change of treadmill velocity and body weight support. To accomplish this purpose, this study used thirty subjects, more than 3 months post stroke, for rehabilitation who were divided between two gait training groups they received the neurophysiological physical therapy. For 6 weeks, 5 times a week for 15 minutes per session, the BWSTT group participated in 30 sessions structured speed-dependent treadmill training with 30% body weight supported, and the ratio of body weight support was gradually decreased as the patients advanced the capability of more self-support. The OGT(Over Ground Training) group received the same quantity of equal sessions like BWSTT. Firstly, we measured the absolute improvement of walking velocity (m/s), capacity(min/m) and cadence(steps/min) among walking characters. Secondly, we measured the functional walking ability such as Functional Ambulatory Category(FAC, score out of 5), Modified Motor Assesment Scale(MMAS, score out of 6) and Gait Quality Chart(score out of 41). Data analysis was performed with using SPSS 10.0 win program. The descriptive analysis was used to obtain average and standard deviation. The independent t-test and the paired t-test were used to compare both the groups about pre and post training test. Treatment effects were established by pre and post assessment. Subjects tolerated the training well without side-effects. Therefore, the results of this study were as follows; 1. There was a more significant difference from the improvement of walking velocity(0.09m/s), endurance(4.53min/m), cadence(4.20steps/min), FAC(0.26score), MMAS(0.33 score) and hip joint and pelvic of gait quality(0.39 score) ever before in the BWSTT group(p<.05). 2. There was a more significant increase from the walking velocity(0.01m/s) in the OGT group(p<.05). 3. There was a more statistical significant increase from comparing the average of walking velocity in both groups ever before(0.42m/s in BWSTT group and 0.31m/s in OGT group)(p<.05). There was a statistical significant difference from the average of cadence in both groups(61.87step/min in BWSTT group and 3.60steps/min in OGT group)(p<.05). As we can see from above, the findings suggest that BWSTT may be more effective than the OGT for improving some gait parameters such as gait velocity and cadency. This conclusion also suggest that BWSTT is more effective for the improvement of gait of stroke patients.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.496-509
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• 1995

This study was conducted to identify the attitude of ethical dilemmas in hospital nurses. Ethical dilemmas were categorized into four areas : human life area, clients area, nursing practice area, and nurses-co-worker area. 354 nurses working in clinical settings were selected in Seoul and Kangwon area. Data were gathered from 26, June to 10, July, 1994 by structured guestionnaires. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The results obtained from data were as follows : 1) In human life area mean score was 3.03. This area showed remarkabale individual differences between utilitarian and deontological position. 2) In clients area mean score was 3.94. It means that nurses tend to take a deontological position. 3) In nursing practice area mean score was 3.41. It means that nurses tend to take a slightly deontological position. 4) In nurses-co-worker area mean score was 3.88. It means that nurses tend to take a deontological position. To conclude, clinents area, nursing practice area, and nurses-co-worker area taken deontological position. Most nurse's primary concern was the 'welfare of the patients' which is to fundamental ethical professional practice. But nurses experienced more ethical dilemmas in human life area than others. Therefore, nurses should be prepared to make in-dependent decision that based on bio-ethics and professional ethics.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the influence of internal factors on the bankruptcy risk of an enterprise through a sample of 439 companies listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange. The research collected secondary data from annual audited financial statements from 2008 to 2019 of listing companies. Using two different regression models with two dependent variables, six independent and control variables, we discovered that three of the model's six factors, namely return on total assets, current payment rate, and financial leverage, influence the risk of bankruptcy and account for 86.78% of the variations in firm bankruptcy risk. Financial leverage has the opposite effect on the Z-score index, increasing the risk of bankruptcy of listed firms. Return on total assets and current ratio have a positive impact on the Z-score index, reducing the risk of bankruptcy of listed companies. The findings also revealed that there is no evidence that the size of a corporation, its fixed asset investment ratio, or the size of an auditing firm have an impact on the Z-score index. These findings provide crucial evidence for business owners and managers, as well as shareholders making future capital investment decisions. Our findings can be applied to other businesses in Vietnam and similar jurisdictions.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.251-269
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• 2018

In 1997, the environmental score (Q) corresponding the tolerance value of Korean benthic macroinvertebrate species and the related biotic score, the ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrates (ESB) were proposed; ESB was similar to Beck's biotic index or Chandler's biotic score. This study was carried out to revise the Q values of individual species and the assessment scheme of ESB based on the taxonomic performance and ecological information accumulated since then. The original ESB was renamed as TESB (total ESB), and AESB (average ESB) was newly proposed. AESB is calculated by dividing the TESB (for a given station) by the number of species present in the sample. In this study, TESB showed a positively skewed distribution, while AESB showed a negatively skewed distribution. The correlation between TESB and the concentration of $BOD_5$ was a little stronger than that of the original ESB. TESB showed a very strong correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.98) with Margalef's species richness, of which correlation coefficient was higher than that of AESB (r = 0.85). AESB showed a strong correlation (r = -0.79) with the concentration of $BOD_5$, while TESB showed a weaker correlation (r = -0.67). Applying TESB and AESB together in an assessment of the environment may be comprehensive because the physical and chemical states of the environment can be evaluated together. AESB is less dependent on the sample size, while TESB tends to increase as the sample size increases. In the evaluation of the environment using TESB, it is necessary to standardize the methods on monitoring.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.156-165
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to apply a dementia prevention program to the subjects who were suspected of dementia and test its effect. This study was one group pretest-posttest design. The dementia prevention program was applied for 20 weeks to the 19 subjects who were suspected of dementia after a screen test among 638 subjects enrolled in 10 senior citizen's centers in G city. The scores of self-efficacy, cognition, quality of life were measured before and after the program. The data collected were analyzed using a SPSS (statistical analysis system) program, and frequencies, averages and standard deviations were obtained. The differences of the scores of the pretest and posttest were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test and sign test. The results were as follows: 1. After the program, the average score of self-efficacy was increased from 75.31 (standard deviation 11.99) to 84.26 (standard deviation 13.92). 2. There are no differences between the average scores of physical and psychological quality of life, however, the average score of social quality of life was slightly increased from 2.25 (standard deviation 0.40) to 2.53 (standard deviation 0.43), and the overall score of social quality of life was low. 3. The average score of cognition was significantly increased from 21.00 (standard deviation 2.60) to 24.58 (standard deviation 3.37), thus, it was found that the program was effective to improve the cognition level. 4. The score differences of self-efficacy, quality of life, cognition between the pretest and posttest were statistically significant. 5. The score differences of quality of life between the pretest and posttest were found to be dependent on marital status, exercise and regular checkup yes or no. In conclusion, the program was effective to prevent the subjects suspected of dementia from dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.505-514
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• 2012

이 연구는 미국남자프로골프협회 (PGA)가 제공하는 경기기록을 통해 경기능력이 평균타수에 미치는 영향을 경로분석에 의해 규명하였다. 즉 PGA 선수의 경기능력을 나타내는 6개의 변인(드라이브 정확도, 드라이버 거리, 그린 적중률, 샌드세이브, 스크램블링율, 평균퍼팅수)이 평균타수에 미치는 영향을 (1) 드라이버 정확도, 드라이버 거리, 그린적중률이 버디평균과 평균타수에 주는 영향과 (2) 샌드세이브, 스크램블링, 평균퍼팅수이 보기평균과 평균타수에 미치는 영향으로 가정하여 분석하였다. 이러한 목적에 따른 연구결과는 첫째, 드라이브 정확도가 버디평균에 미치지 못하였으며 그린적중률과 드라이브 거리가 직접적으로 평균타수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 샌드세이브율, 스크램블링율, 평균퍼팅이 보기평균에 유의한 영향을 미치며 평균퍼팅이 평균타수에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 그린적중률, 드라이브거리, 샌드세이브율, 스크램블링율이 평균타수에 영향을 미치면서 상대적으로 스크램블링율이 가장 높게, 샌드세이브율이 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2012

본 연구는 사회성측정(sociometry)을 통한 사회적지위의 유형에 따라 초등학생의 학업성취도에서 차이가 나타나는지를 알아보는데 있었다. 이를 위하여 K시에 소재한 S초등학교 6학년 201명을 대상으로 성별의 분리를 적용하여 7가지(인기, 평범, 배척, 높은 공격성에 의한 배척, 높은 수동성에 의한 배척, 무시, 양면성아동)로 지위유형을 분류한 다음, 각각의 지위집단 유형이 보여주는 학업성취도를 종속변인으로 하여 사회적지위 유형과 학업성취도간의 관계를 알아보았다. 5가지 사회적지위 유형을 분류하기 위하여 안이환(2007)에 의해 개발된 한국형 사회성 측정의 전산프로그램이 사용되었으며, 나머지 2가지 하위유형 분류는 실험조건에 따라 분류되었다. 종속변인은 2011학년도 1학기 중간학력평가 교과군별 점수였다. 성별과 지위유형에 따라 인문군(국어와 사회)과 자연군(수학과 과학)의 평균치가 비교되었다. 이때의 준거집단은 평범아동 집단이었다. 본 연구의 결과, 남자아동의 경우, 인문군과 자연군에서 모두 무시된아동의 성적이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 양면성아동이 인문군과 자연군에서 모두 가장 낮은 성적을 보였다. 여자아동의 경우에는 인문군과 자연군에서 모두 인기, 무시, 양면성아동이 유사한 범위에서 가장 높은 성적을 보였으며, 배척아동이 인문군과 자연군에서 모두 가장 낮은 성적을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 학업성취도는 초등학생의 사회적지위 유형과 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 관계지향적 학습형태를 지향하는 오늘날의 교육과정에 대한 흐름을 고려해 볼 때, 초등학생들의 학업성취도를 높이기 위한 사회적관계의 연구에 대한 필요성이 시사되었다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.233-246
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• 2015

Objectives : This study investigated the general characteristics, child rearing characteristics, and the level of self-differentiation of 120 custodial grandmothers. Methods : Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire from 120 custodial grandmothers who registered Kinship Network in Busan City. Results : For the self-differentiation measure, the mean score of the sample was $2.52{\pm}0.51$. However, the level of the fusion with emotion $1.89{\pm}0.80$ was extremely low partly due to the influence of collectivist culture of Korean society. The levels of emotional reactivity and fusion with emotion were significantly low which were dependent on depression (F=4.387, p=0.015). Conclusions : The findings of this study show the need to improve the level of self-differentiation by increasing the score of emotional reactivity and fusion with the emotion among the kinship network grandmothers. Therefore, supportive programs for kinship network grandmothers need to develop self-differentiation.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.21-47
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of English vocabulary learning strategies such as definition-oriented/contextoriented/situated context-oriented vocabulary learning strategy according to the cognitive styles of learners and interaction effect on the achievement test score between the learners' cognitive style and vocabulary learning strategies. The results show that there is no significant difference in the achievement test scores between field-dependent learner group and field-independent learner group. And there is significant difference in the English vocabulary achievement test scores among three experimental treatment groups, definition-oriented, context-oriented, situated context-oriented vocabulary learning strategy groups. Finally, there is an interaction effect on the achievement test score between the learners' cognitive style and vocabulary learning strategies.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

In the present exploration we identified perception of forest dependent communities in relation to impact of climate change on forest ecosystem in and around Chilapatta reserve forest in northern part of West Bengal, India. Purposive sampling method was used for selection of area and random sampling method was used for selection of respondent. The data collection in this study was through questionnaire based personal in-depth interviews. Almost all the respondents (94%) were farmers and rest had occupation other than farming. Almost all the respondents perceived negative impact of climate change on forest though the level of perception varies from very low to medium (0.23-0.52) based on average perception score after assigning score to individual statements. The level of perception on impact of climate change on forest ecology and forest flora of the community is low and very low as the average perception score is 0.39 and 0.23, respectively while, it is medium (0.52) for forest fauna. Alternately their perception on decreased stream/river flow and quick drying of seasonal streams or water bodies is based on their livelihood experience as they depend on these for their domestic and irrigation water use and fish catch for family diet.