• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.146-157
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of short-term oral health care on children at community care centers, in order to allow them to maintain good oral health. Methods : The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), Window Version 18.0 was used to analyze the data for the children's present conditions of oral health; their ability to maintain good oral health; their general knowledge about oral health; changes in their oral health awareness; habit formations concerning oral health; and the satisfaction level of oral health education. Results : 1. While the average number of teeth before the program is 19.84(6.19), that of teeth after the program is 21.33(6.10). 2. Average test scores on oral health information of post-program are improved more than those of pre-program. 3. The 8th measurement of O'Leary plaque index is 3.27, which shows significant changes. 4. Satisfaction level with the program is 4.75(0.45), which shows that children are satisfied with the program. Conclusions : The paper shows that in order to maintain the oral health of children at community care centers, their habit formation and practice for the oral health is important. It also shows that cooperation among communities and public health centers is important to develop various oral health education programs like the program.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP were included in the study. Full-mouth plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. The GCF was collected, and its volume and levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. The sample size was estimated, and comparisons between groups were performed. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Thirty-six electronic cigarette users (47.7±5.8 years old) and 35 non-smokers (46.5±3.4 years old) with CP were included. At baseline, there were no differences in plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, MBL, and GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 between electronic cigarette users and nonsmokers. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in PI, gingival index (GI), PD, CAL, and MBL in electronic cigarette users compared to baseline, while there were significant reductions in PI, GI, and PD among non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in both groups (P<0.05) compared to baseline. The increases in GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in non-smokers (P<0.05) than in electronic cigarette users at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Levels of GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 increased after SRP in electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRP was more profound in non-smokers than in electronic cigarette users.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.251-260
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether salivary findings of active matrix-metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8) chairside (point of care; POC) tests were associated with periodontal risk assessment parameters in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Methods: A total of 125 patients receiving regular SPT were included, and their records were examined. The following inclusion criteria were used: a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, at least 1 non-surgical periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning) with following regular SPT (minimum once a year), at least 6 remaining teeth, and clinical and aMMP-8 findings that were obtained at the same appointment. In addition to anamnestic factors (e.g., smoking and diabetes), oral hygiene indices (modified sulcus bleeding index [mSBI] and approximal plaque index), periodontal probing depth simultaneously with bleeding on probing, and dental findings (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth) were recorded. Salivary aMMP-8 levels were tested using a commercial POC test system (Periomarker, Hager & Werken, Duisburg, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and ${\chi}^2$ test, as appropriate (P<0.05). Results: Only the mSBI was significantly associated with positive salivary aMMP-8 findings (aMMP-8 positive: $27.8%{\pm}20.9%$ vs. aMMP-8 negative: $18.0%{\pm}14.5%$; P=0.017). No significant associations were found between aMMP-8 and smoking, diabetes, periodontal parameters, or parameters related to the maintenance interval (P>0.05). Conclusions: Salivary aMMP-8 chairside findings were not associated with common parameters used for periodontal risk assessment in patients receiving SPT. The diagnostic benefit of POC salivary aMMP-8 testing in risk assessment and maintenance interval adjustment during SPT remains unclear.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.194-200
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of guided tissue regeneration therapy for human periodontal intrabony defects using two different collagen membranes: a porous nonchemical cross-linking collagen membrane (NC) and a bilayer collagen membrane (BC). Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly assigned and divided into the following 3 groups: a test group (NC+BM), in which a NC was used with xenograft bone mineral (BM), a positive control group (BC+BM), in which a BC was used with xenograft BM, and a negative control group (BM), in which only xenograft BM was used. The following clinical measurements were taken at baseline and 3 months after surgery: plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. Radiographic analysis was performed at baseline, 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Results: Membrane exposure was not observed in any cases. Significant probing depth reduction, attachment-level gain and bone fill were observed for both test and control groups compared to baseline at 3 months after surgery (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in clinical improvement and radiographic bone fill between treatment protocols (P>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that both NC and BC were comparable in terms of clinical and radiographic outcomes for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects in human subjects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.376-387
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• 2023

Purpose: Peri-implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory condition associated with the destruction of bone tissue around a dental implant, and diode lasers can be used to treat this disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 940-nm diode laser for the nonsurgical treatment of PI. Methods: Twenty patients (8 women and 12 men) were enrolled in a split-mouth randomized controlled study. In the control group (CG), mechanical debridement with titanium curettes accompanied by airflow was performed around the implants. The test group (TG) was treated similarly, but with the use of a diode laser. Clinical measurements (plaque index, gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment level, and interleukin-1β [IL-1β] in the peri-implant crevicular fluid) were evaluated and recorded at baseline and 3 months. IL-1β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The symptoms were alleviated in both groups at 3 months as assessed through clinical measurements. GI, BOP, and PPD were significantly lower in the TG than in the CG (P<0.05). The IL-1β level increased post-treatment in both groups, but this increase was only statistically significant (P<0.05) in the CG. Conclusions: The diode laser enabled improvements in clinical parameters in the periimplant tissue. However, it did not reduce IL-1β levels after treatment. Further studies about the use of diode lasers in the treatment of PI will be necessary to evaluate the effects of diode lasers in PI treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2010

Streptococcus mutans, one of the major causal agents of dental caries, is component of the dental plaque. It produces various organic acids such as lactic acid which is the end-product of glycolysis, and this leads to dental caries. A new system using species-specific monoclonal antibodies was developed to detect Streptococcus mutans in saliva. The system quickly detects salivary Streptococcus mutans in 30min and classifies the result into two levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between monoclonal antibody-based detecting system and selective medium-based detecting methods. Children's deft indices were also compared with Streptococcus mutans counts in MSB agar plate. Subjects consisted of 15 children in the age of 3 to 6 years. They were assigned to three groups : Group I(deft index = 3), Group II(deft index $\leqq$3), Group III(deft index $\geqq$4). The results are as follows : 1. The rate of children with positive response was 13.3% and with negative response was 86.7% in the result of Saliva-checkTM Mutans test kit. 2. There was a positive correlation between monoclonal antibody-based detecting system and selective medium-based detecting methods(p<0.05). 3. Streptococcus mutans counts in MSB agar plate were irrelevant to deft of children(p=0.34).

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of erythritol powder air polishing device (EPAP) in addition to scaling and root planing (SRP) in non-surgical periodontal treatment in moderate chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: Clinical evaluation was performed at 21 sites treated with SRP (control) and 21 sites treated with the addition of SRP+EPAP (test). All examinations were performed before treatment, 1 month after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. Depth of the periodontal pocket, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and bleeding of probing were measured as clinical parameters. Results: In both test and control groups, there was a significant decrease in the depth of the periodontal pocket, plaque index, bleeding of probing, increased gingival recession, and gain of clinical attachment level at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. However, there was no significant clinical difference between the test group and the control group. Clinical result was improved after 1 month compared to the baseline; in contrast, results at 3 months after treatment were worse than at 1 month after treatment. Conclusion: In this study, we cannot suggest that SRP + EPAP is clinically more effective than SRP alone as non-surgical periodontal treatments. Periodic periodontal therapy, at intervals of at least every three months, is important for sustaining effects of this treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.158-168
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-CP) or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (NDM-CP). Methods: Forty-eight human participants were divided into two groups: an experimental (T2DM-CP) group (group I, n=24) comprising chronic periodontitis patients with random blood sugar ${\geq}200mg/dL$ and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and control (NDM-CP) group (group II, n=24) of those with chronic periodontitis and random blood sugar <200 without T2DM for the study. All subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) including complete SRP and subgingival debridement. Periodontal health parameters, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), GCF volume (GCF vol), GCF-CRP, random blood glucose (RBS), glycated hemoglobin, and systemic inflammatory markers, serum CRP, total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil count (Neutr) and lymphocyte count (Lymph), were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after SRP. Results: NSPT resulted in statistically significant improvement in periodontal health parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF vol), CRP levels in serum as well as GCF of both groups I and II. The mean improvement in periodontal health parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF vol), CRP levels in serum and GCF was greater in group I than group II after NSPT. There was nonsignificant increase in GCF-CRP, TLC, Lymph, and RBS, and a significant increase in Neutr and Serum CRP in group II at 1 month. The Serum CRP level of 20 out of 24 group II patients had also increased at 1 month. Conclusions: The CRP levels in both GCF and serum were higher in T2DM-CP patients than in NDM-CP patients. Although there was a significant improvement in both the groups, greater improvement was observed in both GCF and serum samples of T2DM-CP patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.340-354
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• 2020

Purpose: This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of an angled implant brush for home oral hygiene of full-arch fixed-implant prostheses. Methods: Forty-one patients treated with a full-arch implant rehabilitation in the maxilla or mandible (164 implants) for at least 4 months were enrolled. The screw-retained fixed prostheses were removed and baseline (T0) parameters were recorded, including plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP). All patients completed a 5-item questionnaire on hygiene maintenance and received an implant brush for home hygiene. After 1 month (T1) PI, PD, and BOP were recorded again and patients completed a 7-item questionnaire to evaluate their satisfaction with the implant brush. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the significance of changes in PI, PD, and BOP. A P value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: A statistically significant reduction of BOP (0.62±0.6 at T0 vs. 0.5±0.5 at T1; P=0.032) was found, while no statistically significant changes in PD (1.74±0.5 mm at T0 vs. 1.77±0.5 mm at T1; P=0.050) or PI (1.9±0.7 at T0 vs. 1.7±0.7 at T1; P=0.280) occurred. According to the 7-item questionnaire, patients reported no difficulty in using the angled brush (63.4%) and deemed it highly (46.3%) or very highly (4.8%) effective in improving their home oral hygiene. Conclusions: Within the limits of the present pilot study, the patients experienced a reduction of BOP 1 month after being instructed to use the angled implant brush. The angled implant brush appeared to be a well-accepted device for home-care hygiene of full-arch fixed-implant rehabilitations.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2008

The research was conducted to 100 child patients selected by random sampling, which got a Dentocult-SM test in the first visit and then was being continuously managed, out of child patients of a pediatric clinic located in Gyeonggi-do. The period of there search is one year from June 2007 to May 2008, Using Dentocult-SM test, we analyzed the correlation between the distribution of dental plaque, a streptococcus mutans in saliva and condition of dental caries cavity in the teeth of child patients, then we measured the distribution of a streptococcusmutans. According to SM score, we applied incremental oral heath care for child patients to clinical and obtained the following results, 1. In terms of the age of child patients in research, the number of 3 years old patients was 29(lst ranked), the number of 2 years old patients was 28(2nd ranked). 2. The result of SM score showed that female child patients(52.0%) was higher than male ones in negative, male child patients(52.0%) was higher than female ones in mild, female child patients(68.2%) was higher than male ones in moderate, male child patients(57.1%) was higher than female ones in severe. 3. At the first visit, the SM score showed statistically remarkable difference between dt and dmft. We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 4. At the second visit, the SM score showed statistically remarkable difference among dt, ft, and dmft index We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 5. At the third visit, The SM score showed statistically remarkable difference among dt, ft, and dmft index We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 6. The comparison of dmft index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for negative and mild, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in moderate and severe. 7. The comparison of dt index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for negative, mild, and moderate, In addition to that, we can con firm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in severe. 8. The comparison of mt index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for mild and moderate, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences m severe. 9. The comparison of ft index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for mild, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in negative, moderate, and severe. 10. According to the comparison of dmft index to the age, the 4 years old patients showed the highest number(5.50 in the first visit and 6,08 in the second one). In the third visit, the 6 years old patients showed the highest number(7.00). By the above results, we can find that the incremental oral heath care by SM score makes the results of oral care better. Therefore, the improvement or maintenance in oral health of child patients needs continuing personal oral health management and regular systematic management focused on prevention by the specialist.