• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2003

This study was performed on 17 female dental hygienists to find an appropriate method to reduce the hygienists' body discomfort while scaling, and provide a foundation to educate them how 10 posture during the process. To assess the arm abduction, elbow flexion, neck flexion, trunk flexion and trunk lateral bending through Video 2D(two dimensional motion) analysis and assessing the risk through the Action level of RULA(rapid upper limb assessment) checklist, an ergonomic analysis method. Correlation analyses on the posture angles and on body discomfort were performed. ANOVA analysis on scaling treatment position and the scaling treatment region of patients was also performed. The results are as following. 1. 20 analysis while scaling, arm abduction was $40{\sim}79.9^{\circ}$, elbow flexion $20{\sim}110^{\circ}$, neck flexion $50{\sim}100^{\circ}$, trunk flexion $60{\sim}80^{\circ}$, and trunk lateral bending $5{\sim}19.9^{\circ}$. 2. The Action level of RULA was 2. 3 resulted from scores 4 and 5 of group A which includes upper arm, lower ann, wrist, and scores 2 and 4 of group B which includes neck, trunk, legs. It means that the scaling treatment posture causes a high incidence rate of musculoskeletal that an additional investigation and improvement should be followed without hesitation. 3. There were significant differences among the maxilla right, maxilla anterior, maxilla left, mandible left, mandible anterior, and mandible right of a patient of the right and left upper arm, lower arm, neck, trunk, group A, group B, final RULA score while scaling treatment. 4. There were significant differences among the time position of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the right and left upper arm, lower arm, neck, trunk, group A, group B, final RULA score while scaling treatment, 5. As for the body discomfort, neck, right shoulder, left shoulder, right back, right wrist etc. were listed on top. As a conclusion, performing the time position of 12 which shows low right and left final RULA scores is better than the time position of 8 and 10 which show high final RULA scores to reduce the body discomfort while scaling treatment.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2012

As in all other parts in the body, oral tissue also undergoes dramatic changes with increasing age. Since these changes occasionally go beyond physiological scope, which may result in pathological changes, it is essential for dentist to understand changes caused by normal aging process. With increasing age, tooth morphology and occlusion also varies, especially loss of hard tissue, which is taking place in lifelong time, occurs as a result of tooth wear. When this loss of hard tissue is presented rapidly or excessively, functional and esthetical problems are raised, resulting in lowering quality of life of patient as well as making dental treatment for oral rehabilitation even more complex. Therefore, based on understanding of change in occlusion with increasing age, strategic approaches for maintenance of oral health in both functional and esthetic aspect are required as appropriate restoration and maintenance for progressive tooth wear enables desirable occlusal relationship. Carefully planned-restorative treatment in accordance with changed occlusal relationship is also required in the same context. Instead of taking changes in oral tissue as only a consequence of ageing, it is vital to educate patient and his or her guardian, assuring maintenance of oral hygiene and regular dental check-up are of utmost importance for improved oral health.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

This study reached the following conclusions as a result of carrying out the questionnaire survey of self-descriptions for the satisfaction after the citizens of Daejon uses the dental clinics, in order to identify the factors of satisfaction to the medical services of such dental clinics to be utilized in the patient management by dental hygienists, provide the basic data to provide the medical services desired by patients. 1. 43.9% men responded to the facilities and 56.1% women to the atmosphere for the standards of selection of dental clinics by general characteristic, and the college graduates or more to the kindness (38.2%), high-school graduates (43.2%) and middle-school graduates (25.9%) or less to the close distance for the level of educational attainment (p=0.009), which was meant to have a statistical significance. 2. The execution of reservation system for the dental clinics showed 54.7%, the reserved time was observed upon the execution of such reservation system, the dental clinics where they practice such system were 40.6%, and the confirmation methods was done through the telephone with 62.5%. 3. The experience of fear upon the dental treatment showed 74.6%. The type of fear showed the machine sound (48.7%) for men and cry of others for women (70.8%) at the highest. 70% of those under 30 at the age responded to the sharp instruments at the highest. 83.3% of Yousung-gu showed the highest by responding to the cry of others for the residential areas. The statistically significant difference was shown in both the age and residential area (p=0.000). 4. Women showed higher in the distribution of gender for the sterilization of instruments for the external satisfaction of dental clinics(p=0.000) and those under 30 at the age showed the highest with 2.98${\pm}$0.95(p=0.001). Seo-gu (3.48${\pm}$0.77) was the highest for the residential area (p=0.000), and there was statistically significant differences in the gender, age and residential area. 5. Men showed higher satisfaction than women in the clean state and the statistically significant differences were shown (p=0.000) at the age as the high satisfaction was shown for those under 30 at the age (2.35${\pm}$0.79), those having the income not less than 10 million won and not more than 20 million won (2.43${\pm}$0.78), and Seo-gu (2.63 ${\pm}$0.69) for the residential area. 6. For the internal satisfaction of dental clinic by users for the medical services in the dental clinics, 61.1% women responded to no in the ability of solving the inconvenience in the service process, and showed low ability of solving the inconvenience from 30 at the age (26.2%) and by responding to Dong-gu (22.1%) for the residential area, showing statically significant differences(p=0.000). For the re-use of dental clinics, 46.6% men (p=0.043) for the gender, 24.3% under 30 at the age and 22.9% of Dong-gu for the residential area responded to the re-use, showing statistically significant differences for the gender and residential area (p=0.000). 7. The dissatisfaction showed a high rate of 69.5% for the satisfaction to the medical services of dental clinics. 46.2% men responded to the pain and women to the feeling of foreign substance for the reason of dissatisfaction while those under 30 at the age showed 55.6% for others, those between 50 and 59 41.7% for the feeling of foreign substance. 86.3% carried out the education for cautions after the treatments and most people turned out that they do not carry out the continuous health management of mouth as 20.5% responded to that they carry out such health management.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2022

The Primary Care Patient Measure of Safety (PC-PMOS) is a measure of safety that allows patients to evaluate contributing factors related to patient safety in primary care. This study aimed to examine which questionnaire items of the PC-PMOS could be used in Korean dental institutions. A survey of the Korean translation of the PC-PMOS, a self-reported questionnaire, was conducted in August 2022 by 400 adults who had used dental-care services within the last three years. Of the 77 items, 34 were selected using principal component analysis and two experts' evaluations based on face validity. Five domains were identified from factor analysis: patient centeredness, patient information update, complaint processing, communication, and information about the complaint process. The Cronbach's alpha of the data was 0.913, indicating high reliability. As a result of the generalized multiple regression analysis, regression coefficients were not statistically significant, except for household income. This indicated that there was no bias in the patient safety scores of dental institutions evaluated by patients within the range of independent variables used in this study. The five domains with 34 items identified in this study suggested the factors that contribute to the safety of patients who used dental care services in Korea. However, validation of this study result is still important to refine questionnaires suitable for dental institutions in Korea so as to further improve the quality of dental care.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Dental settings have unique characteristics that warrant specific infection control considerations, including (1) prioritizing the most critical dental services and provide care in a way that minimizes harm to patients due to delayed care, or harm to personnel from potential exposure to persons infected with the COVID-19 disease, and (2) proactively communicate to both personnel and patients the need for them to stay at home if sick. For health care, an interim infection prevention and control recommendation (COVID-19) is recommended for patients suspected of having coronavirus or those whose status has been confirmed. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19, is thought to be spread primarily between people who are in close contact with one another (within 6 feet) through respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Airborne transmission from person-to-person over long distances is unlikely. However, COVID-19 is a new disease, and there remain uncertainties about its mode of spreads and the severity of illness it causes. The virus has been shown to persist in aerosols for several hours, and on some surfaces for days under laboratory conditions. COVID-19 may also be spread by people who are asymptomatic. The practice of dentistry involves the use of rotary dental and surgical instruments, such as handpieces or ultrasonic scalers, and air-water syringes. These instruments create a visible spray that can contain particle droplets of water, saliva, blood, microorganisms, and other debris. While KF 94 masks protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose from droplet spatter, they do not provide complete protection against the inhalation of airborne infectious agents. If the patient is afebrile (temperature <100.4°F)* and otherwise without symptoms consistent with COVID-19, then dental care may be provided using appropriate engineering and administrative controls, work practices, and infection control considerations. It is necessary to provide supplies for respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, including alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) with 60%~95% alcohol, tissues, and no-touch receptacles for disposal, at healthcare facility entrances, waiting rooms, and patient check-ins. There is also the need to install physical barriers (e.g., glass or plastic windows) in reception areas to limit close contact between triage personnel and potentially infectious patients. Ideally, dental treatment should be provided in individual rooms whenever possible, with a spacing of at least 6 feet between the patient chairs. Further, the use of easy-to-clean floor-to-ceiling barriers will enhance the effectiveness of portable HEPA air filtration systems. Before and after all patient contact, contact with potentially infectious material, and before putting on and after removing personal protective equipment, including gloves, hand hygiene after removal is particularly important to remove any pathogens that may have been transferred to the bare hands during the removal process. ABHR with 60~95% alcohol is to be used, or hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20 s.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

본 연구는 노인의 건강실천행위가 치아건강도를 매개하여 건강관련 삶의 질(EQ-5D)을 예측할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 연구대상은 2015년도 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여 만 65세 이상 총 1,311명의 노인으로 하였으며, SPSS 24.0 프로그램과 SPSS PROCESS macro를 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 노인의 동거유형에 따른 건강실천행위와 EQ-5D의 경우 부부를 포함한 1세대 동거(4.62, 0.90)가 가장 높았으며 독거노인(4.40, 0.86)이 가장 낮게 조사되었다. 또한, PROCESS macro를 통한 매개효과 검증결과, FS-T 지수가 건강실천행위와 EQ-5D의 관계에서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다(${\beta}=.0011$, BCCI [.003~.0024]). 이러한 결과는 FS-T 지수가 노인의 건강관련 삶의 질에 밀접하게 연관되어 있으며, 향후 노인을 대상으로 하는 건강증진프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2014

본 연구는 심미보철 치료에서 사용되는 금속도재관 제작시 Ni-Cr alloy 하부 구조물에 상부도재를 축성하고 소성하는 과정이 완성된 보철물의 적합도에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로써 임상적 허용을 재확인하기 위함이다. 1차로 lost wax technique으로 제작된 NCC (Ni-Cr alloy core)의 변연 및 내면 적합도를 측정하였고, 2차로 NCC에 상부도재 축성, 소성하여 금속도재관을 최종 완성하여 2차로 측정한 뒤비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 금속도재관 제작 시 Ni-Cr alloy로 제작된 코어 위에 상부도재를 축성하고 소성하는 과정이 금속 도재관의 적합도를 악화시키는 결과를 보였으며, 부위 별 구분 없이 두 그룹에서 측정된 모든 값의 평균을 비교한 결과 NCC 그룹에서는 $67.1{\pm}23.3{\mu}m$, NMC 그룹에서는 $74.4{\pm}21.9{\mu}m$로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 Ni-Cr alloy로 금속도재관 제작 시 상부도재를 축성하는 과정에서 적합도를 악화시킨다는 결론을 얻었으나, 본 실험에서 측정된 결과 값은 임상적 허용 수치($120{\mu}m$)를 넘지 않아 적합도의 기준으로 평가하였을 때 임상적으로 허용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2007

본 연구는 임상치과위생사들의 직무수행 과정에서 느끼는 직무소진 및 대처행동을 파악하기 위하여 대구, 경북, 울산지역에 근무하는 치과위생사 322명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전체 대상자들의 영역별 직무소진 평균은 정서적 소진 3.26, 냉소적 태도 2.63, 직업효능감 감소 2.58이었고, 전체 평균은 2.82이었다. 2. 영역별 대처행동 평균은 적극적 대처가 3.36, 소극적 대처 2.95이었고, 전체 평균은 3.19이었다. 3. 일반적인 특성과 직무소진의 차이는 연령과 교육수준이 낮을수록 직업효능감 감소와 소진계가 유의하게 높았고, 미혼인 경우 냉소적 태도, 직업효능감 감소, 소진계가 유의하게 높았으며, 내성적인 성격은 정서적 소진, 냉소적 태도, 소진계가 유의하게 높았다. 4. 근무환경과 직무소진의 차이는 근무경력이 낮고, 일반직에서 일반진료 담당이 직업효능감 감소가 유의하게 높았고, 연봉이 낮을수록 냉소적 태도, 직업효능감 감소, 소진계가 유의하게 높았다. 5. 일반적인 특성과 대처행동의 차이는 연령이 낮고, 미혼이 소극적 대처에서 유의하게 높았고, 종교가 있는 경우 적극적 대처와 대처계가 유의하게 높았다. 6. 근무환경과 대처행동의 차이는 근무기관이 의원급인 경우 소극적 대처와 대처계가 유의하게 높았고, 근무경력이 낮을수록 소극적 대처에서 유의하게 높았으며, 연봉이 낮을수록 적극적 대처는 유의하게 낮았고, 소극적 대처는 높았다. 7. 직무소진과 대처행동간의 관련성에서 소진계는 적극적 대처 및 대처계와 유의한 역상관을 보였고, 소극적 대처와는 유의한 순상관을 보였다. 8. 대처행동에 따른 영역별 소진 차이는 대처계는 A그룹(평균미만)이 B그룹(평균이상)보다 직업효능감 감소와 소진계가 유의하게 높았고, 적극적 대처는 A그룹이 B그룹보다 냉소적 태도, 직업효능감 감소, 소진계가 유의하게 높았으며, 소극적 대처는 B그룹이 A그룹보다 정서적 소진, 냉소적 태도, 소진계가 유의하게 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 치과위생사의 연령, 근무경력, 연봉이 낮을수록, 미혼자가 소진과 소극적 대처가 높았고, 종교가 있는 경우 적극적 대처가 높아 경력이 낮은 치과위생사들의 직무소진을 감소시키고 적극적 대처행동을 활용할 수 있도록 하는 방안이 요구된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2009

치과위생사들의 진료 자세에 따른 근골격계 통증 경험 정도를 알아보고, 업무 수행과정에서 발생할 수 있는 근골격계 질환의 예방에 도움이 되고자 2009년 3월부터 5월까지 울산 경남에 소재하는 치과 병 의원의 일부 치과 위생사 214명을 대상으로 설문지법을 이용하여 자료를 수집, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 대상자의 일반적인 특성은 연령은 23세 이하가 34.1%로 가장 많았고, 24~26세가 33.6%, 25~29세가 20.6%, 30세 이상이 11.7%였다. 미혼이 86.4%였고, 학력은 88.3%가 전문대 졸업이었고, 종교는 무교가 43.5%로 가장 많았으며, 불교가 30.8%, 기독교가 16.4%, 천주교가 6.5%였다. 2. 대상자의 업무적 특성은 치과의원 근무자가 57.5%, 치과병원이 42.5%였고, 경력은 1~3년이 42.5%로 가장 많았고, 이직횟수는 1회가 45.1%가 가장 많았다. 보수는 130~149만원이 33.6%로 가장 많았고, 150~199만원이 29.9%, 130만원 미만이 26.2%, 200~249만원이 7.5%였다. 근무인력은 치과위생사 20명 이상이 85.9%로 가장 높았고, 평균 15.6명이었으며, 치과의사는 1명이 28.5%로 가장 많았고, 2명이 22.4%, 4명이 19.2%였으며 평균 3.2명이었다. 근무시간은 8~9시간이 49.5%로 가장 많았고, 주된 업무로는 일반진료업무보조가 70.1%로 가장 많았고 주5일 근무는 60.3%가, 야간근무는 49.1%가 실시하고 있었다. 3. 치과위생사의 업무수행 중 근골격계의 통증에 영향을 미치는 진료자세를 분석한 결과 목 통증에 영향을 미치는 진료자세는 "머리를 15도 숙이거나 돌릴 때", "양쪽 어깨가 기울러져 있거나", "허리를 구부리거나", "손목이 자주 꺽이거나" "엉덩이를 의자에 걸치고 앉아서 진료했을 때" 였으며 어깨 통증에 영향을 미치는 진료 보조자세는 "머리를 15도 이상 숙이거나", "허리를 구부리거나", "양다리를 쭉 붙인 상태"였다. 무릎 통증에 영향을 미치는 진료 보조자세는 "양다리를 쭉 붙인 상태"였으며 엉덩이 통증에 영향을 미치는 진료 시술자세는 "엉덩이를 의자에 걸치고 앉았을 때" 유의하게 나타났다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 표면 거칠기를 증가시키기 위하여 알루미나와 하이드록시아파타이트를 이용하여 각각 블라스팅 처리한 뒤 염화나트륨을 전해액 내에 섞어 양극산화 방법을 이용하여 염소가 함유된 표면을 만들고 항균력을 평가하는데 있다. 그리고 표면 특성과 항균력을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SEM 표면 관찰에서는 블라스팅 처리 후 양극산화한 결과 실험군 2와 3에서 연마처리한 실험군 1에 비해 거친 요철구조를 관찰할 수 있었다. 2. EDS 조성분석 결과 실험군 2에서는 칼슘, 인, 염소 성분과 더불어 알루미늄이 관찰된 반면, 실험군 3에서는 칼슘, 인과 염소 성분만을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 표면 거칠기 분석 결과 평균 표면 거칠기의 값이 실험군 2, 실험군 3, 실험군 1순으로 작았으며, 실험군 2와 3 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 항균력 평가 결과 실험군 2가 가장 적은 세균수를 보여 우수한 항균력을 보였으나 이는 실험군 3과 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 알루미나와 하이드록시아파타이트를 이용하여 각각 블라스팅 처리한 뒤 염화나트륨을 전해액 내에 섞어 양극산화 방법을 이용하여 염소가 함유된 표면을 만들 수 있었으며, 그 결과 연마처리한 시편에 비해 높은 표면 거칠기와 우수한 항균력을 보였다. 그러나 그 재료의 효과와 안정성을 입증하기 위해서는 추가적인 in vitro와 in vivo 실험이 수행되어야겠다.