• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2008

Statement of problem: Conventional techniques for implant framework fabrication produce significant error that is inconsistent with passive-fit requirement for osseointegrated implants. One of the etiologic factors which cause the errors is a sprue which may deform the framework during solidification and contraction. Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate objectively effect of the sprue design on the accuracy of fit of implant prosthesis. Materials and method: Three different designs were considered relative to effect of casting accuracy. The first design had straight sprues and a button of excess alloy at the non-casting end of the sprues. The second was runner bar design(with the button). The last was straight sprues design(without the button). Gold cylinder and laboratory analogue had been used to diminish variables affecting to casting accuracy. Gold alloy and pressure-vacuum casting machine had been used. Marginal gap had been measured by SEM. One-way ANOVA and Duncan test had been used for statistical analysis. Results: The first design showed $79.87{\pm}13.95{\mu}m$ marginal gap. The second and third were $40.17{\pm}15.8{\mu}m$ and $35.17{\pm}9.95{\mu}m$ respectively. Conclusion: Straight sprues without button and runner bar designs were more accurate than straight sprues with button design(P<.05).

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2019

Background: Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been hailed as a disruptive technology in dentistry. Among 3D printers, a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer has certain advantages, such as high precision and relatively low cost. Therefore, the latest trend in resin crown manufacturing is the use of DLP 3D printers. However, studies on the internal fitness of such resin crowns are insufficient. The recently introduced 3D evaluation method makes it possible to visually evaluate the error of the desired area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the internal fitness of resin crowns fabricated a by DLP 3D printer using the 3D evaluation method. Methods: The working model was chosen as the maxillary molar implant model. A total of 20 resin crowns were manufactured by dividing these into two groups. One group was manufactured by subtractive manufacturing system (PMMA), while the other group was manufactured by additive manufacturing system, which uses a DLP 3D printer. Resin crowns data were measured using a 3D evaluation program. Internal fitness was calculated by root mean square (RMS). The RMS was calculated using the Geomagic Verify software, and the mean and standard deviation (SD) were measured. For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows ver. 22.0 (IBM Corp., USA) was used. Then, independent t-test was performed between the two groups. Results: The mean±SD of the RMS were 41.51±1.51 and 43.09±2.32 for PMMA and DLP, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between PMMA and DLP. Conclusion: Evaluation of internal fitness of the resin crown made using a DLP 3D printer and subtractive manufacturing system showed no statistically significant differences, and clinically acceptable results were obtained.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2017

단일 치아의 인상채득을 위해서는 바이트 트레이를 이용한 폐구인상법이 선호된다. 그러나 임플란트 인상채득을 위해서는 단일치와 다수치 구분 없이 편악 트레이를 이용한 개구인상법이 주로 사용되고 있다. 바이트 트레이를 이용하는 폐구인상법은 시간이 절약되고 재료가 적게 들며, 모형의 교합기 부착 시 상하악 악간 위치 관계 오차 발생 확률이 적다. 본 증례에서는 2 가지 종류의 폐구인상용 코핑을 이용해 바이트 트레이로 인상채득 후 단일 임플란트 고정성 보철물을 제작함에 있어 만족할 만한 결과를 얻어 보고하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of three techniques for correction of cast implant bars. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty cast implant bars were fabricated on a metal master model. All cast implant bars were sectioned at 5 mm from the left gold cylinder using a disk of 0.3 mm thickness, and then each group of ten specimens was corrected by gas-air torch soldering, laser welding, and additional casting technique. Three dimensional evaluation including horizontal, vertical, and twisting measurements was based on measurement and comparison of (1) gap distances of the right abutment replica-gold cylinder interface at buccal, distal, lingual side, (2) changes of bar length, and (3) axis angle changes of the right gold cylinders at the step of the post-correction measurements on the three groups with a contact and non-contact coordinate measuring machine. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test were performed at the significance level of 5%. RESULTS. Gap distances of the cast implant bars after correction procedure showed no statistically significant difference among groups. Changes in bar length between pre-casting and post-correction measurement were statistically significance among groups. Axis angle changes of the right gold cylinders were not statistically significance among groups. CONCLUSION. There was no statistical significance among three techniques in horizontal, vertical and axial errors. But, gas-air torch soldering technique showed the most consistent and accurate trend in the correction of implant bar error. However, Laser welding technique, showed a large mean and standard deviation in vertical and twisting measurement and might be technique-sensitive method.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2020

Purpose: Using two types of electronic apex locators, this study aimed to investigate the differences in accuracy according to the evaluator and equipment. Materials and Methods: Artificial teeth of the lower first premolars and two mandibular acrylic models (A and B) were used in this study. In the artificial teeth, the pulp chamber was opened and the access cavity was prepared. Using calibrated digital Vernier calipers, the distance from the top of the cavity and the root apex was measured to assess the actual distance between two artificial teeth. The evaluation was conducted by 20 dentists, and each evaluator repeated measurements for each electronic apex locator five times. The difference between the actual distance from the top of the cavity to the root apex and the distance measured using electronic measuring equipment was compared. For statistical analysis, the Friedman test the Mann-Whitney U-test were conducted and the differences between groups were analyzed (α=0.05). Result: As for the accuracy of measurement according to the two types of electronic apex locators, the value of the measurement error was 0.4753 mm in Dentaport ZX and 0.3321 mm in E-Cube Plus. Moreover, electronic apex locators Dentaport ZX and E-Cube Plus showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). As for the difference in the accuracy of the two types of electronic apex locators according to the evaluator, the resulting values differed depending on the evaluator and showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: Electronic apex locator E-Cube Plus showed higher accuracy than did Dentaport ZX. Nevertheless, both types of electronic apex locators showed 100% accuracy in finding the region within root apex ±0.5 mm zone. Furthermore, according to the evaluator, the two electronic apex locators showed different resulting values.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.996-1003
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• 2021

연구의 목적은 치과용 스캐너의 반복측정 안정성 비교를 통해 영향을 미치는 스캐너의 요소를 평가하는 것이다. 연구 목적을 달성하고자 청색광을 사용하는 I사의 스캐너와 광학 방식을 사용하는 Z사의 스캐너 그리고 백색광을 사용하는 D사의 스캐너를 본 연구의 반복측정 안정성 연구에 사용하였다. 측정 결과는 root mean square (RMS)로 계산하였고 one-way ANOVA 통계기법을 적용하여 유의수준을 확인하였다(𝛼=.05). 통계분석 결과 가장 큰 RMS 값을 가지는 스캐너는 Z-opt 그룹으로 38.2 ㎛이었다. 다음으로는 D-white가 35.2 ㎛로 나타났고, 가장 RMS 값이 적은 그룹은 I-blue 그룹으로 34.1 ㎛이었다. 각 그룹간에 RMS 평균을 비교한 결과는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다(p>.05). 이 결과로부터 청색광, 백색광 그리고 광학 방식의 스캐너에서는 반복측정 안정성에서 청색광의 오차가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 연구결과 임상적 허용 가능하다는 것이 본 연구의 결론이다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2022

Background: Among the health problems in old age, oral health is closely related to nutrition intake and digestion, so although it is an important factor in the well-being of the elderly along with general health, studies examining the relationship between oral health-related factors and grip strength of the elderly are insufficient. Therefore, this study intends to examine the relationship between oral health-related factors and grip strength, which are closely related to the general health of the elderly. Methods: This study used data from the 7th period of Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (2016~2018) approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Complex sample frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were performed, and general linear model analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between demographic characteristics, oral health -related factors and grip strength. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0, and the significance test was based on type I error level of 0.05. Results: Grip strength was higher in the case of no discomfort than in the case of discomfort in relation to mastication discomfort and grip strength (B=0.927, p<0.001). In addition, the grip strength was decreased by 1.348 times when not using dental floss (p<0.001) and when not using mouth wash was 1.480 times (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, in the relationship between oral health-related factors and grip strength, grip strength was found to be high in the absence of mastication discomfort. and in the case of using dental floss and mouthwash the elderly showed high grip strength. Therefore, it is suggested to present a lifestyle to improve hand function and grip strength in the elderly and develop a program to increase grip strength and provide them at the same time during oral health education.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2024

Background: Particulate matter (PM) has been extensively observed due to its negative association with human health. Previous research revealed the possible negative effect of air pollutant exposure on oral health. However, the predictive model between air pollutant exposure and the prevalence of periodontitis has not been observed yet. Therefore, this study aims to propose a predictive model for the number of patients with periodontitis exposed to PM and atmospheric factors in South Korea using deep learning. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study utilizing secondary data from the Korean Statistical Information Service and the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database for air pollution and the number of patients with periodontitis, respectively. Data from 2015 to 2022 were collected and consolidated every month, organized by region. Following data matching and management, the deep neural networks (DNN) model was applied, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value was calculated to ensure the accuracy of the model. Results: As we evaluated the DNN model with MAPE, the multivariate model of air pollution including exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and other atmospheric factors predict approximately 85% of the number of patients with periodontitis. The MAPE value ranged from 12.85 to 17.10 (mean±standard deviation=14.12±1.30), indicating a commendable level of accuracy. Conclusion: In this study, the predictive model for the number of patients with periodontitis is developed based on air pollution, including exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and other atmospheric factors. Additionally, various relevant factors are incorporated into the developed predictive model to elucidate specific causal relationships. It is anticipated that future research will lead to the development of a more accurate model for predicting the number of patients with periodontitis.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the minimum number of teeth in the anterior dental arch that would yield accurate results for individual identification in forensic contexts. Materials and Methods: The study involved the analysis of 28 sets of 3-dimensional (3D) point cloud data, focused on the labial surface of the anterior teeth. These datasets were superimposed within each group in both genuine and imposter pairs. Group A incorporated data from the right to the left central incisor, group B from the right to the left lateral incisor, and group C from the right to the left canine. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including the evaluation of root mean square error (RMSE) values and the distances resulting from the superimposition of dental arch segments. All analyses were conducted using CloudCompare version 2.12.4 (Telecom ParisTech and R&D, Kyiv, Ukraine). Results: The distances between genuine pairs in groups A, B, and C displayed an average range of 0.153 to 0.184mm. In contrast, distances for imposter pairs ranged from 0.338 to 0.522 mm. RMSE values for genuine pairs showed an average range of 0.166 to 0.177, whereas those for imposter pairs ranged from 0.424 to 0.638. A statistically significant difference was observed between the distances of genuine and imposter pairs(P<0.05). Conclusion: The exceptional performance observed for the labial surfaces of anterior teeth underscores their potential as a dependable criterion for accurate 3D dental identification. This was achieved by assessing a minimum of 4 teeth.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

Purpose: An individual surgical stent fabricated from computed tomography (CT) data, called a CT-guided stent, would be useful for accurate installation of implants. The purpose of the present study was to introduce a newly developed CT-guided stent with a simple design and evaluate the accuracy of the stent placement. Materials and Methods: A resin template was fabricated from a hog mandible and a specially designed plastic plate, with 4 metal balls inserted in it for radiographic recognition, was attached to the occlusal surface of the template. With the surgical stent applied, CT images were taken, and virtual implants were placed using software. The spatial positions of the virtually positioned implants were acquired and implant guiding holes were drilled into the surgical stent using a specially designed 5-axis drilling machine. The surgical stent was placed on the mandible and CT images were taken again. The discrepancy between the central axis of the drilled holes on the second CT images and the virtually installed implants on the first CT images was evaluated. Results: The deviation of the entry point and angulation of the central axis in the reference plane were $0.47{\pm}0.27$ mm, $0.57{\pm}0.23$ mm, and $0.64{\pm}0.16^{\circ}$, $0.57{\pm}0.15^{\circ}$, respectively. However, for the two different angulations in each group, the $20^{\circ}$ angulation showed a greater error in the deviation of the entry point than did the $10^{\circ}$ angulation. Conclusion: The CT-guided template proposed in this study was highly accurate. It could replace existing implant guide systems to reduce costs and effort.