• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.377-379
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• 1976

Lower right first and second molar missings were restored by unilaterally designed removable partial denture, not to disturb the phonetic function. Terminal abutment teeth were splinted and ASC52 attachment aws used as a direct retainer. After that, oral examination and Roentgenographic examination were done periodically for 2 years. There were no remarkable changes on the abutment teeth and its surrounding structures. Also, there no phonetic disturbances by the appliance.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the occurrence of errors regarding adaptation by conducting a three-dimensional assessment comparing the bridge type dental restoration after the cutting process, which has multiple abutments, with a single type dental restoration. Methods: By using ten identical files obtained by scanning the master model, thirty designs were created consisting of ten maxillary right first premolars and ten maxillary right first molars with single crown abutments, along with ten bridge designs with the identical abutment. A 5-axis milling machine was used to produce the design file. The produced denture prostheses were scanned using a silicone replica for a STL file. An evaluation was conducted using 3D analysis software on the master model and each of the thirty data files. Results: The RMS value of the pre-molar (14) was $38.4{\pm}4{\mu}m$ for single and $54.7{\pm}6{\mu}m$ for bridge abutment; therefore, a statistically significant difference was observed for single and bridge designs although both shared the same abutment form (P<.05). Also, the RMS value of the molar (16) was $47.6{\pm}2{\mu}m$ and $56.6{\pm}5{\mu}m$ for the single and bridge designs, respectively, thereby presenting a statistically significant difference (P<.05). Conclusion: As a result, dental prosthesis fabricated using the single method presented better internal adaptation outcomes.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

The osseointegration of titanium implants has been examined over the past 50 years. Many implant systems have been introduced and have become popular to the implant dentistry. The designs of the connection between implant fixture and abutment are divided into external vs internal connection. From beginning, the $Br{\aa}nemark$ system was characterized by an external hexagon. Internal connection has been developed to reduce stress transferred to the bone. These differences may have impact on the clinical procedures and protocols, laboratory and components costs, and incidence of complications. Therefore, the clinician has to know the different biomechanical features and understand their implications to produce successful implant-supported prosthesis with an external or an internal connection system.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2024

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 세 가지 높이를 가진 티타늄 베이스 임플란트 지대주에서 세 종류의 시멘트가 지르코니아 수복물에서 가지는 제거력을 비교하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법:. 90개의 직경 4.0 mm 임플란트 아날로그가 레진 블록에 식립되었다. 이후 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm의 높이를 가지도록 임플란트 지대주를 30개씩 제작하였고, 각 지대주를 스캔하여 지르코니아 수복물 시편을 제작하였다. 임시 시멘트(TB), 반영구 시멘트(CI), 영구 시멘트(FC)를 각자 제조사의 지시에 따라 지대주에 접착하였다. 제작된 90개의 시편은 만능시험기에서 제거력을 시험하였으며, 모든 제거력은 부하량이 하락하기 직전 가장 높은 값에서 측정되었다. 통계 분석은 지대주의 높이, 시멘트의 종류에 대해 각각 Kruskal-Wallis test (P = 0.05) 후 Mann-Whitney U test (P = 0.0167)로 사후 검정 시행하였다. 결과: 임플란트 지대주의 높이에 상관없이 TB에 비해 FC의 제거력이 높았다. CI와 FC간에는 3 mm와 7 mm에서는 유의미한 차이가 있었으나 5 mm에서는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. TB와 CI간에는 5 mm에서만 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 결론: 시멘트의 종류는 지르코니아 수복물의 제거력에 유의미한 영향을 끼쳤으나, 임플란트 지대주의 높이는 유의미한 영향을 주지 않았다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Screw loosening has been a common complication and still reported frequently. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate abrasion of the implant fixture and TiN coated abutment screw after repeated delivery and removal with universal measuring microscope. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Implant systems used for this study were Osstem and 3i. Seven pairs of implant fixtures, abutments and abutment screws for each system were selected and all the fixtures were perpendicularly mounted in liquid unsaturated poly-esther with dental surveyor. After 20 times of repeated closing and opening test, the evaluation for the change of inner surface of implant and TiN-coated abutment screw, and weight loss were measured. Mann-Whitney test with SPSS statistical software for Window was applied to analyze the measurement of weight loss. RESULTS. TiN-coated abutment screws of Osstem and 3i showed lesser loss of weight than non-coated those of Osstem and 3i (P < .05, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION. Conclusively, TiN coating of abutment screw showed better resistance to abrasion than titanium abutment screw. It was concluded that TiN coating of abutment screw would reduce the loss of preload with good abrasion resistance and low coefficient of friction, and help to maintain screw joint stability.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2009

목적: 임플란트 보철 수복에서 심미적 요구도가 증진되면서 최근에는 고강도, 고인성을 지니면서 생체적합성 우수하고 치아의 색과 조화로운 지르코니아 지대주의 사용이 증가하는 추세이다. 몇몇 임상보고를 통해 지르코니아 지대주의 우수한 주위조직 반응과 단기간의 성공적인 결과가 보고 되었으나, 장기간의 안정성을 평가하는 기계적 강도에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 직경, 각도, 연결방식이 상이한 임플란트 고정체 - 지르코니아 지대주의 단순 파절강도와 반복하중에 의한 피로한계 측정을 통해 지르코니아 지대주의 기계적 안정성을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 재료와 방법: ISO규정에 따라 지르코니아 지대주-고정체를 변연골이 3mm 흡수된 조건에서 $30^{\circ}$경사하중으로 압축굽힘강도를 측정하고, 그 값의 80%를 최대하중으로 10%를 최소하중으로 하여 10Hz의 sine형 반복하중을 $5{\times}10^6$ 주기를 초과하는 조건의 내구성한계를 측정하였다. 지르코니아 지대주로는 regular diameter를 가지면서 external butt joint의 straight 지대주와 $17^{\circ}$ angled 지대주, 그리고 narrow diameter 이면서 external butt joint의 straight 지대주와 internal conical joint의 straight 지대주를 사용하였다. 압축굽힘강도 값을 일원분산분석과 사후검정으로 검증하였으며, 피로파절면을 전자주사현미경을 통해 관찰했다. 결과: 압축굽힘강도는 최소 927N 이상으로, 직경의 차이에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였으며( P<.05), 내구성 한계는 503N에서 868N까지의 번위를 보였다. 결론: 지르코니아 지대주는 구강내 기능하중을 견딜수 있는 적절한 기계적 강도를 가지는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.432-442
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• 2006

Statement of problem: One of common problems associated with dental implant is the loosening of abutment screws that retain the implants. Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the influence of abutment screw length and repeated tightening on screw loosening in dental implant. Material and method: Forty nine Hexplants (13mm length, 4.3mm diameter, Ti grade IV, Warantec. Co. Ltd. Seongnam, Korea) and cementation type abutments(straight abutment) and abutment screws (0.4mm/pitch) were divided into 7 groups, depending on abutment screw length. Each implant and abutment was tightened to 30Ncm by torque controller(MGT50, MARK-10 Inc., USA) and the removal torque values were measured during 10 consecutive closure/opening trials. Results and Conclusion: The results of comparing the removal torque value are as follows : 1. There is no significant difference in the removal torque value between groups in 10 consecutive closure/opening trials (p = 0.97). 2. If the fractured abutment screw is engaged in longer than 2.425 thread length, there is no significant difference in the preload between the fractured abutment screw and the new abutment screw when both are equally tightened to 30 Ncm. 3. The removal torque value in the 1st trial(24.510 Ncm) was lower than that in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th trials and the removal torque value in the 2nd trials(25.551 Ncm) was maximum and was decreased in 1311owing trials. The removal torque value in the 1st trial was significantly lower than that in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th trials and was significantly higher than that in the 8th, 9th, l0th trials(p<0.05). 4. In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th trials, the abutment screw was mainly influenced by settling effect and the higher preload was obtained In the 8th, 9th, l0th trials, the abutment screw was mainly influenced by adhesive wear and the progressively lower preload was obtained.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.283-298
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 내측연결 임플랜트 시스템의 고정체-지대주-나사간의 계면 적합도를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 실험에 이용된 임플랜트 시스템은 Certain, Xive, Replace, Ankylos, SSII 이다. 이 시스템의 고정체와 지대주를 제조사의 권장 토크로 조인후 액상의 불포화 폴리에스터 용액에 고정한 후 절단하였다. 모든 표본은 절단, 연마후 주사전자 현미경으로 관찰하였다.내측연결 시스템의 적합도를 관찰한 결과, 각 제조사들 사이에 차이는 있으나 대부분의 내측연결 시스템의 경우엔 고정체와 지대주의 접촉은 긴밀히 접촉하는 경향을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 지대주와 나사, 고정체와 나사 간에는 다양한 형태의 틈이 존재하였다. 이러한 틈들이 나사의 불안정, 미생물의 군집, 악취 등에 어떠한 영향을 미칠지는 앞으로 계속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To evaluate the cumulative survival rate (CSR) and mechanical complications of single-tooth $Ankylos^{(R)}$ implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This was a retrospective clinical study that analyzed 450 single $Ankylos^{(R)}$ implants installed in 275 patients between December 2005 and December 2012. The main outcomes were survival results CSR and implant failure) and mechanical complications (screw loosening, fracture, and cumulative fracture rate [CFR]). The main outcomes were analyzed according to age, sex, implant length or diameter, bone graft, arch, and position. RESULTS. The 8-year CSR was 96.9%. Thirteen (2.9%) implants failed because of early osseointegration failure in 3, marginal bone loss in 6, and abutment fracture in 4. Screw loosening occurred in 10 implants (2.2%), and 10 abutment fractures occurred. All abutment fractures were located in the neck, and concurrent screw fractures were observed. The CSR and rate of screw loosening did not differ significantly according to factors. The CFR was higher in middle-aged patients (5.3% vs 0.0% in younger and older patients); for teeth in a molar position (5.8% vs 0.0% for premolar or 1.1% for anterior position); and for larger-diameter implants (4.5% for 4.5 mm and 6.7% for 5.5 mm diameter vs 0.5% for 3.5 mm diameter) (all P<.05). CONCLUSION. The $Ankylos^{(R)}$ implant is suitable for single-tooth restoration in Koreans. However, relatively frequent abutment fractures (2.2%) were observed and some fractures resulted in implant failures. Middle-aged patients, the molar position, and a large implant diameter were associated with a high incidence of abutment fracture.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of abutment screw length and cyclic loading on the removal torque (RTV) in external hex (EH) and internal hex (IH) implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty screw-retained single crowns were connected to external and internal hex implants. The prepared titanium abutment screws were classified into 8 groups based on the number of threads (n = 5 per group): EH 12.5, 6.5, 3.5, 2.5 and IH 6.5, 5, 3.5, 2.5 threads. The abutment screws were tightened with 20 Ncm torque twice with 10-minute intervals. After 5 minutes, the initial RTVs of the abutment screws were measured with a digital torque gauge (MGT12). A customized jig was constructed to apply a load along the implant long axis at the central fossa of the maxillary first molar. The post-loading RTVs were measured after 16,000 cycles of mechanical loading with 50 N at a 1-Hz frequency. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance and paired t-tests. RESULTS. The post-loading RTVs were significantly lower than the initial RTVs in the EH 2.5 thread and IH 2.5 thread groups (P<.05). The initial RTVs exhibited no significant differences among the 8 groups, whereas the post-loading RTVs of the EH 6.5 and EH 3.5 thread groups were higher than those of the IH 3.5 thread group (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of this study, the external hex implants with short screw lengths were more advantageous than internal hex implants with short screw lengths in torque maintenance after cyclic loading.