• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.95-113
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the state of the dental health of adults, used self-reporting qestionnaire as objects of 923 residents living in nine districts at random among the sites of eleven town located in a County. The level of knowledge on dental health of adults in a County was 65.6 points out of 100 points, comparatively low. Accodingly, it is necessary for entire adults to have a dental health-related education and get high standard of knowledge. Especially, educational approach should be performed for groups of 40-49 years old, 50-59 years old, above 60 years old, male, no educational background, having only elementary and middle school education, not having any jobs, engaging in agriculture, doing business on their own and so on. When planning the contents of health education, one actually has to include the habit of amalgam, the factor in influencing on dental health as well as show an example such as how to brush teeth, checking point of proper brushing, how to grip toothbrush. The attitude score related to dental heath was 71.2 points out of 100 points, relatively low. Consequently, the change of attitude related the dental health among entire adults is necessary, particularily, the strategical approach is essential to change dental health connected to attitude positively for groups of male, having high school education background, office workers and the civil service. Besides, among dental health related symtoms, more that 30-40％ of objects showed negative attitude toward as the following cases; in case that plaque or food debris are attached to the teeth (40.8％), upper and lower teeth do not fit together(40.3％), you cannot sleep well because of toothache(31.0％), more than one tooth fall out(31.0％), you have loosing teeth(30.6％), the approach should be conducted to form attitude that dental care is necessry. The state of dental health through dental health related symtoms was 33.3 points out of 100 points, which was fairly satisfactory. However, dental treatment for the state of dental health should be executed in case of comparison of the dental health state according to general characteristics, the group who are above 60 years old, have elementary school education background, engage in aggriculture who are not good in dental health state as opposed to other groups. Furthermore, there should be dental care needs according to dental health related symtoms, particularly, more than 60-70％ of objects have experienced symtoms that plaque or food debris attached to the teeth, tartar is on the teeth so dental treatment should be peformed for a large number of adults. In addition, for the people who have indications that there was a cavity, more than one tooth loss, chilled teeth, toothache when chewing, loose teeth, upper and lower teeth do not fit together, you cannnt sleep well due to the toothach, etc, there should be care through dental treatment. The actual conditions of the hygine of the mouth was relatively good and the difference of the actual state of dental health care in terms of general characteristics showed in only gender; female was more careful in dental health. Comparing the state of oral health synthetically, when they have symtoms, only 34.8％ of objects go to a dentist, 60.7％ are using passive or negative care such as gargling, tolerating or ignoring. There was many symtoms to care through dental therapy such as plaque or food debris get in between the teeth, tartar on the teeth, teeth are very cold, more than one tooth fallout, loose teeth, there is wrong amalgam, and so on, among symtoms to care passively or negatively. Therefore the education for proper treatment program should be performed. As a result of dental health-related knowlege, attitude, health state, verification of correlation between the actual condition of care, the higher the dental heath-related knowldege becomes, the more positive the dental health-related attitude is, and the state of dental health, that is, the standard of the symtom of dental health diminishes. the care for dental health executed through more active method and the more positive dental health-related attitude is, the more active means they performed. Consequently, the high level of dental health-related knowledge should be necessary, the more positive the dental health-related attitude was, the more active method they adopted, therefore, the program is needed to form attitude related to the dental health positively. As the knowledge on dental health is increasing, the attitude is also positive, after all, the plan to increase the standard of knowledge on dental health should be contrived through education program related to dental health.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.271-282
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• 1994

Active treatment of periodontal disease consists of plaque control by the patient, with root planing and surgery perfomed by the dental practitioner. Chlorhexidine rinse has been the most effective antiplaque agent available today and tetracycline has been the most favored antibiotics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was compared the different effect among groups(saline mouthrinse[group I], 0.125% chlorhexidine mouthrinse [groupII], and 0.125% chlorhexidine mouthrinse containing tetracycline[groupIII]) during the immediate post periodontal therapy. We assessed plaque index, gingival index, papillary bleediing index, gingival crevicular volume, periodontal attachment loss, and periodontal pocket depth in 3 sites per subject. The assessment was made at baseline. At 1 week after scaling, and at 2 weeks after curettage. All groups were clinically and statistically reduced plaque score, gingival score, papillary bleeding score, and gingival crevicular volume at 2 weeks after curettage. Group II was significantly reduced periodontal pocket depth.(P<0.05) At 1 week after scaling, al clinical index scores were reduced but not singificantly difference between the groups.(p>0.05) At 2 weeks after curettage, plaque score, gingival score and papillary bleeding score were significantly difference between the groups.(P<0.05) During the experimental period, gingiva was not damaged and stain of the tongue or teeth were not noted in all groups.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2010

The present study purposed to prevent oral diseases and to improve oral health in children. For this purpose, we selected 70 cases who are 5~7 years old preschoolers at the kindergarten affiliated to G College in Gyeongsangbukdo, and analyzed the general patterns of oral care and the relation of the patterns with dental plaque and deciduous dental caries in the children. Specifically, we conducted oral examination and applied pit and fissure sealant according to the eruption of deciduous molar and first molar. In addition, we executed the 1st and 2nd tooth brushing instruction (TBI), and surveyed S-OHI and PHP twice. Excluding 14 preschoolers who did not appear in the 2nd survey, we performed the study with 56 preschoolers and drew conclusions as follows. 1. The number of decayed or missed or filled teeth among deciduous teeth was 3 or more in 42.9% of female children, and 46.4% of male children, so male children showed a slightly higher rate. 2. The degree of dental plaque formation was $1.64{\pm}1.22$ among the surveyed children. 3. The oral health index was lower after TBI than before in all the children (P<.001). 4. Change in the oral health index was particularly larger in 7 year old female children (p<.005). 5. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in both the buccal surface and lingual surface of the children (p<.005). 6. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in all of male children's teeth except the right maxillary first deciduous molar (p<.001).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2141-2147
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• 2016

As one of the most complex human-associated microbial habitats, the oral cavity harbors hundreds of bacteria. Halitosis is a prevalent oral condition that is typically caused by bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbial communities and predict functional profiles in supragingival plaque from healthy individuals and those with halitosis. Ten preschool children were enrolled in this study; five with halitosis and five without. Supragingival plaque was isolated from each participant and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was used to identify the microbes present. Samples were primarily composed of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Candidate phylum TM7. The ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ diversity indices did not differ between healthy and halitosis subjects. Fifteen operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified with significantly different relative abundances between healthy and halitosis plaques, and included the phylotypes of Prevotella sp., Leptotrichia sp., Actinomyces sp., Porphyromonas sp., Selenomonas sp., Selenomonas noxia, and Capnocytophaga ochracea. We suggest that these OTUs are candidate halitosis-associated pathogens. Functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt, and nine level-3 KEGG Orthology groups were significantly different. Hub modules of co-occurrence networks implied that microbes in halitosis dental plaque were more highly conserved than microbes of healthy individuals' plaque. Collectively, our data provide a background for the oral microbiota associated with halitosis from supragingival plaque, and help explain the etiology of halitosis.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.673-693
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• 1994

Most adults, unlike growing children, have some periodontal problems which can influence the outcome of the orthodontic treatment. In cases where periodontal disease progression resulted in marked reduction of periodontium, orthodontic treatment could result in the worsening of the periodontal conditions, and therefore orthodontic treatment planning in such adult patients requires special considerations for the periodontal problems. This study investigates the effects of horizontal orthodontic tooth movement on the changes in the mesial, distal and furcation areas of the disease affected periodontium of adult dogs with advanced bone loss. Six adult dogs with healthy periodontium were selected, and mandibular 2nd premolars were extracted. In the mandibular 3rd premolars, angular bony defects in the mesial and distal sides, and horizontal bony defects in the furcation areas were created. Those that received the flap operation and plaque control were designated as the control, those that had horizontal tooth movement without plaque control after the flap operation as Experimental group I, those that had horizontal tooth movement under plaque control without the flap operation as Experimental group II, and those that had horizontal tooth movement under plaque control after the flap operation as Experimental group III. The control group was sacrificed 2 months postoperatively, and the experimental groups were sacrificed 5 months after the initiation of tooth movement. Specimens were histologically analyzed under light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. After the horizontal tooth movements, Experimental group I and II showed angular bony defects in the mesial sides of the roots and the distal side of the furcation areas, which correspond to the pressure sides. 2. After the horizontal tooth movements, Experimental group I and II showed decreased level of alveolar bone crest in the distal sides of the roots, which correspond to the tension sides. 3. Long junctional epithelium in the control group has not been replaced by periodontal connective tissue after the horizontal tooth movements. 4. Limited formation of new bone was observed in the angular bony defects in the mesial and distal aspects of the roots in the control group. 5. Inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue was most severe in the Experimental group I, followed by Experimental group II, III, and the control group in that order. These results seem to indicate that plaque control was the most influencing factor in the alteration of the periodontal tissue after the horizontal tooth movements in the periodontal tissue with alveolar bone defects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of powered toothbrushes for plaque control in patients with peri-implant mucositis, in comparison with manual toothbrushes. Methods: This randomized, prospective, controlled, clinical parallel study compared the efficacy of manual and powered toothbrushes for plaque control in implant restorations. Patients with bleeding on probing, no residual pocket depth (as indicated by a pocket probing depth ${\geq}5mm$), and no radiological peri-implant bone loss were eligible for this study. Patients were requested to complete a questionnaire describing their oral hygiene habits. The duration and frequency of tooth brushing were recorded by subjects in order to assess their compliance. Clinical parameters, including the modified plaque index (mPI), the modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and clinical photographs (buccal and lingual views) were recorded at baseline and at one-month and two-month follow-up visits. Results: Statistically significant differences between patients who used manual toothbrushes and those who used powered toothbrushes were found regarding the frequency of tooth brushing per day and the duration of brushing at one-month and two-month follow-up visits, while no statistically significant differences were found relating to other oral hygiene habits. A statistically significant difference in patient compliance for tooth brushing was found at one month, while no difference was found at two months. Statistically significant decreases in the mPI and the mSBI were observed in both groups from baseline to the one- and two-month follow-ups. The overall reduction of these parameters was not significantly different between the two groups, except for mPI reduction between baseline and one month of follow-up. Conclusions: Sonic-powered toothbrushes may be a useful device for plaque control in patients with peri-implant mucositis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.539-553
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• 1999

The purpose of this 6-months study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes following guided tissue regeneration treating human mandibular Class II furcation defects with a bioabsorbable BioMesh barrier(test treatment) or a nonabsorbable ePTFE barrier(control treatment). Fourteen defects in 14 patients(mean age 44 years) were treated with BioMesh barriers and ten defects in 10 patients(mean age 48 years) with ePTFE barriers. After initial therapy, a GTR procedure was done. Following flap elevation, root planing, and removal of granulation tissue, each device was adjusted to cover the furcation defect. The flaps were repositioned and sutured to complete coverage of the barriers. A second surgical procedure was performed at control sites after 4 to 6 weeks to remove the nonresorbable barrier. Radiographic and clinical examinations(plaque index, gingival index, tooth mobility, gingival margin position, pocket depth, clinical attachment level) were carried out under standardized conditions immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Furthermore, digital subtraction radiography was carried out. All areas healed uneventfully. Surgical treatment resulted in clinically and statistically equivalent changes when comparisons were made between test and control treatments. Changes in plaque index were 0.7 for test and 0.4 for control treatments; changes in gingival index were 0.9 and 0.5. In both group gingival margin position and pocket depth reduction was 1.0mm and 3.0mm; clinical attachment level gain was 1.9mm. There were no changes in tooth mobility and the bone in radiographic evaluation. No significant(p${\leq }$0.05) difference between the two membranes could be detected with regard to plaque index, gingival index, gingival margin position, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. In conclusion, a bioabsorbable BioMesh membrane is effective in human mandibular Class II furcation defects and a longer period study is needed to fully evaluate the outcomes.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.749-758
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyse case reports performed through a dental hygiene process and provide basic data on clinical education of dental hygiene. Methods : 154 case reports which collected for six years were analysed. This study applied dental hygiene process model in dental hygiene diagnosis. Dental hygiene diagnosis was more cleared by dental a hygiene process model. Data analysis was performed by the Frequency statistics using SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Results : 1. The clients are mainly comprised 20's university student(91.9%). 2. In assessment phase, clients finished 100% test of subjective data. 3. When applied a dental hygiene process model in dental hygiene diagnosis, students have identified 23 type of dental hygiene problem and analysed dental hygiene problem frequently used as bleeding of gingiva, calculus and deposit of dental plaque. 4. In case of plan of dental hygiene intervention, Fluoride application showed the most high level(98.1%) in clinical intervention. 5. Results of intervention showed that performance rate(98.7%) of scaling is the most high level. Conclusions : Dental hygiene process model is more useful than other diagnostic models in clinical practice based on dental hygiene process.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.457-468
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• 2006

정상인과 정신지체인 그리고 다운증후군 환자에서 치주상태 및 치주질환 원인균의 출현율을 비교 평가하고자 정상 학생 65명과 정신지체를 가진 학생 34명, 다운증후군을 가진 학생 28명, 총 127명을 조사대상으로 치태지수와 치은지수를 측정하고 치은연하 치태에 존재하는 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia(B. forsythus), Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomyce temcomitans 균을 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 검사하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치태지수와 치은지수는 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군에서 정상인군보다 높았다. 2. 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군은 정상인군에 비해 치주질환 원인균의 출현율이 높았으며 특히 P. gingivalis와 T. denticola. A. actinomycetemcomitans가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 다운증후군 환자군과 정신지체인군의 비교시 치주질환 원인균의 출현율은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 연령별 비교시 정상인군의 P. gingivalis는 14세이상군에서 크게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군에서 P. gingivalis는 정상인군보다 조기에 더 높은 비율로 출현하였으며 연령의 증가에 따라 증가양상을 보였다. T. denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans는 정상인군보다 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군에서 모든 연령대에서 높은 비율을 보였다. 4. 치태지수는 T. denticola와 유의한 관련성이 있었으며, 치은지수는 T. denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans와 높은 관련성을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 정신지체인군과 다운증후군 환자군은 정상인군보다 치태지수, 치은지수가 더 높았으며, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans의 출현율에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 다운증후군 환자군과 정신지체인군은 치주질환 원인균이 어린 시기부터 매우 높게 출현하였으며, 두 군간에는 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 염화나트륨을 배합한 구중청량제의 치면세균막, 잇몸 염증 및 구취에 대한 효과를 임상시험을 통하여 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 본 시험은 12주간 연구대상자에게 표준세치제를 이용하여 칫솔질을 하루에 총 3회를 실시하도록 하고, 칫솔질 후에 군별로 제공된 각각의 구중청량제를 입안에서 가글하고 뱉어내도록 교육하였다. 총 5회에 걸쳐 잇몸 염증 검사, 치면세균막 변화, 구취 검사를 시행하여 효능을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 수집된 데이터는 IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0을 이용하여 통계적으로 분석하였으며, 통계적 유의성 판단을 위한 기준으로 유의수준 0.05를 사용하였으며, 그룹 간 비교를 위한 2-sample t-test와 그룹 내 비교를 위한 paired t-test로 분석되었습니다. 결과: PMA 지수 측정결과 실험군의 대조군 대비 잇몸 염증 개선 효과율은 8주 후 107.63%, 12주 후 73.08%를 나타냈다. PHP index 측정 결과 실험군의 대조군 대비 프라그 개선 효과율은 8주 후 79.37%, 12주 후 74.06%를 나타났다. 실험군의 대조군 대비 구취 개선 효과율은 8주 후 65.06%, 12주 후 99.33%를 나타냈다. 결론: 이러한 연구 결과 염화나트륨 및 녹차 추출액, 일불소인산나트륨을 배합한 구중청량제를 사용할 경우 효과적인 잇몸 염증 완화효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 추가적으로 개선된 치면세균막 제거 효과 및 구취 제거 효과를 기대할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.