• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.272-278
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• 2002

Recently, STI(Shallow Trench Isolation) process has attracted attention for high density of semiconductor device as a essential isolation technology. In this paper, the effect of pattern density, trench width and selectivity of slurry on dishing in STI CMP process was investigated by using specially designed isolation pattern. As trench width increased, the dishing tends to increase. At $20{\mu}m$ pattern size, the dishing was decreased with increasing pattern density Low selectivity slurry shows less dishing at over $160{\mu}m$ trench width, whereas high selectivity slurry shows less dishing at below $160{\mu}m$ trench width.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to determine (1) the usefulness of chromium intensifier to improve the dignostic quality of light radiograph; (2) the effect of chromium intensifier on density, contrast; and (3) the effect of various chemical concentrations on density. The following results obtained: 1. CHROMIUM INTENSIFIER is useful for intensifying and improving the diagnostic quality of a light dental radiograph. 2. The degree of intensification can be controlled by varying bleaching time, repeating the processing, varying the proportions of the potassium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid solutions. 3. The image produced is black and permanent. 4. The intensifier increases density and contrast.

• Carbon letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2012

This study considered the effect of the heat treatment temperature on the compressive strength of coal powder compacts affected by density, porosity, and crystallinity. Coal powder compacts were made by pressing of milled coal powder and were heat treated at 200, 400, 600, 800, and $1000^{\circ}C$. The density and porosity of the heat treated specimens at each temperature were measured using the Archimedes method and changes in crystallinity were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. Increases in compressive strength at $600^{\circ}C$ or higher temperatures were proportionally related to increases in the density and the degree of crystallinity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1199-1204
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• 2005

The purpose of field monitoring system in KHC-Test Road located at Joongbu-Inland Highway, is to provide the performance data for traffic and environmental loadings from pavement surface. Among them, water content reflectometers(WCR) are used to measure the volumetric water content of subgrades soils used in test roads. However, most of the WCRs are not well-calibrated based on the field conditions. In this study, the laboratory based test is performed at various density conditions to evaluate the volumetric water content in subgrade Soils with a WCR. Based on the laboratory testings, the effect of density on WCR measurement are well evaluated for predicting the volumeric water content.of subgrades soils in KHC-Test road.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.378-386
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• 2009

The effect of fuel mixing on soot structure with methane, ethane, and propane to ethylene-base counterflow diffusion flames has been investigated by measuring the volume fraction, number density, and particle size of soot by adopting the light extinction/scattering techniques. The experimental result showed that the mixing of ethane and propane in ethylene diffusion flame increased soot volume fraction while the mixing of methane decreased. As compare to the ethylene-base flame, the diameters of soot particles for mixture flames are slightly smaller. While the soot number densities for the mixture flames are much higher. Thus, the increase in the soot volume fraction can be attributed to the appreciably increased soot number density by the fuel mixing.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.10 no.S_4
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• pp.181-187
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• 2001

This study was carried out to measure the variations of potential and current density with polymers. The results were particularly examined to identify the influences on potential and rate of various factors including temperature and pH. The Tafel slope for anodic dissolution was determined by the polarization effect depending on these conditions. The optimum conditions were established for each case. The second anodic current density peak and maximum current density were designated as the relative polarization sensitivity$(I_r/I_f)$. The mass transfer coefficient value$(\alpha)$ was determined with the Tafel slope for anodic dissolution based on the polarization effect with optimum conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.713-717
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• 1998

The synergistic effect of fetal calf serum (FCS) and chicken embryo extract (CEE) on protein synthesis of chicken embryo myoblasts was examined. Myoblasts were derived from chicken embryo cultured for 14 days by trypsin digestion and cultured in 5% $CO^2/95%$ air at $37^{\circ}C$. When myoblasts were cultured at the low level of cell density (20-50% of well), CEE enhanced the ability of FCS to stimulate protein synthesis of myoblasts. However, there was no significant effect of CEE to stimulate protein synthesis of myoblasts cultured at high level of cell density (100% of well).

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

The flow in low-density plumes expanding into a region of finite pressure shows a quite different behavior from that observed in low-density plumes expanding into a vacuum. The flow structure in the plume varies depending on applied ambient and stagnation chamber conditions. In the present study, the direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) method based on molecular gas dynamics is employed in the analysis of low-density gas flows expanding through a small converging/diverging nozzle. Special attention has been paid to the effect of non-zero ambient and stagnation pressures on the flow structure which has rarely been studied using the DSMC method.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 1994

Effect of the laser shot number on the particulates density of the pulsed laser deposited YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films and the laser irradiated surface morphology of the YBa2Cu3O7-x bulk target have been investigated. Until 100 laser shots of cumulative irradiation, the films has the particulates density of ~103 mm-2. However, after 100 laser shots, the density was increased more than 10 times. This results has been explained by the change of particulate ejection path with the development of conical structure at the target surface.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.427-430
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• 2016

The effect of the liquid density difference on interface shape of a double-liquid lens is analyzed in detail. The expressions of interface shape of two liquids with liquid density difference are analyzed and fitted with “even asphere”. The imaging analysis of the aspheric interface shape of a double-liquid lens is presented. The results show that the density difference of two liquids can cause the interface to be an aspheric surface, which can improve the image quality of a double-liquid lens. The result provides a new selection for the related further research and a wider application field for liquid lenses.