• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2006

We investigated the changes in the volatile flavor components of domesticated Codonopsis lanceolata, which were packed in woven polypropylene (WP) film or low density polyethylene (LDPE) film and stored for 15 and 30 days at refrigerated ($2{\sim}4^{\circ}C$) or room ($18{\sim}20^{\circ}C$) temperature (hereafter referred to as WP-RE-15, WP-RO-15, LDPE-RE-15, LDPE-RO-15, WP-RE-30, WP-RO-30, LDPE-RE-30 and LDPE-RO-30). 167 volatile flavor components were identified in the fresh domesticated Codonopsis lanceolata by GC/MS. The volatile flavor components which were identified in the domesticated Codonopsis lanceolata stored for 15 days were as follows ; LDPE-RE (117 components), WP-RO (65 components), WP-RE (49 components), and LDPE-RO (48 components). After 30 days, the numbers of components were as follows : LDPE-RE (99 components), WP-RO (94 components), WP-RE (46 components), and LDPE-RO (85 components). In all conditions, the following 7 volatile flavor components were identified; 1-hexadecene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-octanol, 2-methyl-2-dodecanol, ${\alpha}$-cedrene, ${\beta}-selinene$, farnesane, and isoledene. According to the sensory evaluation, the freshness of domesticated Codonopsis lanceolata was best maintained with LDPE film and under chilled conditions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.88-92
• /
• 2006

Nerine was originated from South Africa and around 30 kinds of species are distributed in worldwide. In present study we have characterized the division methods and growing conditions for the bulb propagation of Nerine. Result indicated that new bulb formation, and growth of N. bowdenii cultivars was better after dormancy stage compared to post-harvest and dormancy stages, under twin-scale method at $20^{\circ}C$ Similarly, new bulb tissue density was higher at $20^{\circ}C$ compared to other temperatures. Moreover, N. bowdenii 'Favourite' exhibited better growth than N. bowdenii 'Stepanii' and vermiculite was found to be most suitable growing medium for Nerine bulb propagation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.11
• /
• pp.289-298
• /
• 2014

Recently, the traditional paradigm in railroad technology is changing as more efficient and cost-effective electric vehicle (EV) technologies have emerged. The original concept of PRT (Personal Rapid Transit) proposed in the past has come to be regarded as unrealistic, but its feasibility is improving through the utilization of an EV platform. In particular, battery-powered vehicles pose difficult technical challenges in attempts to achieve reliable and efficient operation. However, based on the inductive power transfer (IPT) technology, the fast charging of supercapacitors with high energy density can contribute to overcoming this technical challenge and promote the transition to electric-powered ground transportation by improving the appearance of cities. This study discusses the development process of a power supply system for PRT, including concept design, numerical analysis, and device manufacturing, along with performance predictions and evaluations. In terms of results, the system was found to meet the performance requirements for power supply modules on a test-bed.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.875-882
• /
• 2014

This study investigated changes in quality characteristics of soy sauce (Kanjang) with Gastrodia elata (GK) in aged for 6 months, and developed new soy sauce products with improved sensory characteristics. The pH level was maintained in all samples. The salinity slowly increased, and then decreased in GK 10% after 5 months. The sugar content (Brix) increased after 2 months, except in GK 10%. Crude protein and amino nitrogen contents increased with time. The optical density showed significant differences after 5 months in GK 5%. The total polyphenol contents were highest in GK 5% aged for 5 months up to 31 mg/mL. The flavonoid contents of GK 5% were highest after 5 months up to 122 mg/mL. Finally, sensory tests of GK 10% showed higher total acceptance after 2 months. The results show that an aging period of 5 months in GK 5% greatly enhanced quality characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of green area in apartment complexes to variation of temperature. The inside temperature of each site was estimated by analyzing Landsat ETM＋ image data. The factors on variation of temperature were landcover type, building density, and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI). The results of correlation between inside temperature of apartment complex and land cover type showed that the green area ratio had negative(－) correlation and impermeable pavement ratio had positive(＋) correlation. Building-to-land ratio was not significant with inside temperature. A coefficient of correlation between the temperature value and the value of permeable pavement ratio added up green area ratio was higher than a coefficient of correlation between the temperature value and the value of permeable pavement ratio added up impermeable pavement ratio. Thus we may define that permeable pavement area decrease urban temperature with green area in apartment complex. Floor area ratio had no significant correlation with inside temperature. Inside temperature was decreased as the NDVI was increased. To establish the temperature distribution model in a development apartment complex, As the result of regression analysis between inside temperature as dependent variable and permeable pave ratio+green area ratio, green area ratio, building-to-land ratio and NDIT as independent variables, only permeable pavement ratio added up green area ratio of the independent variables was accepted fur regression equation in both two seasons and adjusted coefficient of determination was 41.4 on September, 2000 and 40.4 on June,2001.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.421-430
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to understand the ecological variations of macrobenthos communities by construction dikes in the subtidal zone of Chonsu Bay. This study analyzed the distribution of benthos, the dominant species, spatial and temporal changes of benthos communities and benthic pollutions in the subtidal zone of Chonsu Bay. A total of 252 species of subtidal macrobenthos with a density of $681ind./m^2$ were studied. In all the seasons, the species diversity was found to be higher near the mouth of the bay. For all the seasons of the year, Lumbrineris japonica was found to be the most dominant species. These dominant species were found to have positive correlations with species diversity and sedimentary parameters such as organic content in sediments. Dominant species of benthos as well as species composition and diversity showed spatial and temporal distribution patterns.Benthic Pollution Index (BPI) values estimated for the stations near the embankment were in the 4~5 levels, which indicates that the organic matter has been polluted. And as for the stations near the mouth of the bay, the BPI values were in the 1~3 levels, which indicates that the organic matter has been relatively less polluted. According to the SAB-curve analysis, the number of transitional point stations became less in the mouth of the bay.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.199-213
• /
• 2016

This study aimed to analyze the vegetation characteristics of the coastal forests and to figure out if there is possibilities to develop the forests into mixed stand multistory forests and to suggest some sound management practices. The vegetat- ion structure and flora of four sites; Kijipo, Chunjangdae, Janghang and Kusipo in the west coastal forests in Korea were investigated and analyzed in the present study. In the every site, Pinus thunbergii was dominating the tree layer in the forests. And P. densiflora, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus serrata, Prunus sargentii var. sargentii, Q. acutissima and Castanea crenata were dominating the subtree layers in some sites. P. thunbergii stands in four sites would maintain for a while since the populat- ion density of middle aged group is higher than those of young and old groups. According to the geographical location conditions, there is a possibility that the coastal forests in Kusipo site would progress into oak tree stands in the long run. The biodiversity was quite high to have 205 taxa in the study sites. To induce the coastal forests into multistory forests, P. thunbergii stands need to be thinned. And then creating the environment including making some pathways and site usage rest-riction is needed to let new diverse plants could come in and grow for a success-ful multistory forests.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.508-515
• /
• 2015

Post-fire restoration can affect breeding bird communities and species compositions over a long-term period by determining pot-fire succession, and a long-term monitoring is therefore required to understand its impacts on forest birds. This study aimed to document the effects of post-fire restoration methods on breeding bird communities in three areas: unburned and two burned (nonintervention and intervention with clear-cut logging and planting) stands 13 years after the stand-replacing Samcheok forest fire at Mt. Geombong in Samcheok, South Korea. According to 108 point counts during the breeding season from April to June 2013, we found that the number of individuals, observed bird species, and species diversity index in intervention stands with clear-cut logging and planting were lower than that in nonintervention and unburned control stands. Foraging and nesting guild analysis also showed a lower abundance of foliage searchers, timber drillers, primary cavity nesters and secondary cavity nesters in intervention stands than in the other stands, while no significant difference was detected between the nonintervention and unburned stands. These results imply that an interventional restoration method may deter the recovery of avian breeding communities after forest fires, and also suggest that non-interventional restoration methods may be an effective way to benefit the species diversity and density of breeding bird communities.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of conceptions of mixing phenomena related to dissolution and diffusion in high school students. The subjects of the investigation consisted of 108 students who took chemistry I course at 11th grade and 29 students who took chemistry II course at 12th grade. For this study, it was found that the many students had the alternative conception that chalk didn't dissolve in water because chalk was a nonpolar material. Most of the students understood the phenomena which carbon tetrachloride and water will not mix as the attraction conception. But many of the other students understood the phenomenon as characteristic of the materials such as difference of density. Many of the students understood the phenomenon of mixing ethanol and water constantly as ‘Attraction conception'. The phenomenon which is mixed ink and water was just accepted by the most students as the spreading of ink in water without understanding the reason of mixing. The phenomena of mixing iodine and carbon tetrachloride was understood as ‘Space conception' or ‘Attraction conception'. It could be inferred that the diverse alternative conceptions related to dissolution and diffusion phenomena were generated by the absence of entropy concept. Therefore, the explanations of science textbooks related to dissolution and diffusion phenomena need to change for students to understand them correctly.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.395-405
• /
• 2011

To develop the technology for cultivation of high-density seaweed, sea tangle was cultured from varying depths(0.5 m, 3 m) of seawater at Gijang and Wando area. Proximate composition, component sugar, total amino acid, fatty acid composition, and element composition of different parts of sea tangle (Saccharina japonica) have been examined. Significant differences were found in the amount of crude protein and ash content in lower, middle, and upper parts of algal blades. The upper parts of the sea tangle was rich in crude protein, while lower parts was rich in crude ash. Crude lipid content was higher in the middle parts than those of the other parts. The component sugars were not significantly different from all parts of algal blades. The highest content of most of the amino acids were found in the upper parts of the blades. The amount of saturated fatty acids concentrated mostly in lower parts of blades, while the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrated in the upper parts. The highest N element contents were found in upper part of algal blades. However, the contents of those chemical component were not affected by the depths of seawater.