• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.169-188
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Bunsimgi-eum on the chest discomfort of Hwa-byung's major symptom. Methods : In this randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study, we planned to give Bunsimgi-eum or controlled medication for major symptoms of Hwa-byung. As preparatory research, 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for chest discomfort, the Hwa-byung' major symptom was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and Likert scale for major symptom of Hwa-byung, Korean State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI-K), Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-K), Korean Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI-K) and Heart Rate Variability(HRV) were also measured as the 2nd evaluative instrument at the before treatment. Results : Clinical characteristics-vital signs & demographic characteristics showed no significant difference between both groups. The characteristics of disease-chief complaint, pattern Identification, period, etiological factor, etc, also showed no significant difference between both groups. There were almost no Coincidence between pattern identification & weight of Hwa-byung's major symptoms. The results of Chest PA, EKG and clinicopathologic examination showed no significant difference between both groups. There were no significant difference between both groups in all valuation scales; 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale for chest discomfort, the Hwa-byung' major symptom was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and Likert scale for major symptom of Hwa-byung, STAXI-K, STAI-K, BDI-K and HRV. Conclusions : We considered that establishment of experimental group and controlled group was objective and worth conducting this research. And this methodology is expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to make up for this study through various study and discussion.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2015

Background: Pharmacy schools newly adopted a 6-year program strengthening clinical knowledge since 2011 in Korea. The clinical training under the guidance of preceptors at hospital sites is a requisite for pharmacy students during the last year of undergraduate course. It has been rarely studied on the hospital pharmacists' perspective regarding being a preceptor or teaching pharmacy students. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the hospital pharmacists' intention toward student training and to identify the relevant factors among the individual pharmacists' characteristics and working environment within the theoretical frame of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Method: A mail-survey was conducted for pharmacists working in tertiary hospitals in Seoul and Incheon. The survey questionnaire consisting of 131 questions with a 5-likert scale was developed for investigating pharmacists' attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and the intention to teach pharmacy students as well as other demographic variables. To estimate the construct validity of components, factor analysis was conducted and Cronbach's alpha was calculated to estimate the reliability of the observed variables. Statistical analyses of one-way variance analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0. Results: The survey response rate was 53% (116/210) and the three constructs of attitude (r = .519), subjective norm (r = .233) and perceived control (r = .392) have appropriate correlations with the intention, proving the appropriateness of using the TPB model. Pharmacists working in inpatient (mean = 3.45) and outpatient clinics (mean = 3.34) generally showed positive intention for teaching. The attitude (${\beta}=.432$, p < 0.01) and perceived control (${\beta}=.270$, p < .01) constructs were significant predictors of the intention. Both age (r = 0.246, p = 0.017) and length of career (r = 0.310, p = 0.002) were positively related with the perceived control. Conclusion: Hospital pharmacists showed generally positive intention to provide student training in spite of the concern on their limited perceived behavioral control. Future research to find the actual barriers pharmacists faced in educating students need to be conducted.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2010

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in Korea. The TNM stage at presentation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the greatest impact on prognosis. Patients who undergo a complete resection for NSCLC are likely to develop recurrent and/or metastatic disease. There are several factors influencing the development of recurrence. We explored risk factors of recurrence in patients with stages I and II NSCLC, who had undergone curative resection. Methods: We reviewed patients who had complete surgical resection as definitive treatment for stage I or II. Patients followed up for more than 36 months. We evaluated several factors which might have relationship with recurrence, such as patient's demographic factors, TNM staging, pathologic finding, tumor markers and surgical technique. Results: A total of 75 patients were enrolled for analysis, of whom 58 were men and 17 were women with mean age of 61 (range, 37 to 76) years. The average size of tumors was 3.9 cm (0.7 to 10 cm). There were 64 patients with stage I NSCLC and 11 with stage II NSCLC. Among 64 patients with stage I NSCLC, 35 patients showed recurrences whereas 8 patients have recurred in stage II NSCLC. Grade of differentiation of tumor was closely related to the recurrence. Seventy-five percent of patients who had poor tumor differentiation experienced a recurrence. In contrast, 3 patients of twelve had recurrences, who revealed differentiation in their tissue (p<0.05). Conclusion: Tumor differentiation could be a predictive factor for tumor recurrence in patients who have undergone curative resection for stage I or II NSCLC.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.239-264
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• 2014

본 연구는 우리나라 교회도서관 이용자인 성도와 목회자를 대상으로 교회도서관에 대한 인식을 조사 분석하여 현황을 파악하고 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 조사 대상은 교회도서관이 있는 교회, 소규모 마을문고 형태의 도서관이 있는 교회, 그리고 교회도서관이 없는 교회 등을 선정하고, 응답자는 해당 각 교회의 성도 100인을 무작위추출방법으로 선정하고 교회의 목회자는 10인을 추가하여 각 교회마다 110인을 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 연구배경 및 선행연구에 대한 조사에는 문헌적 연구방법을, 이용자의 인식 파악을 위해서는 설문조사방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 이용자의 도서관 이용률은 저조한 편이며, 도서관 역할에 대해서는 소규모 마을문고나 교회의 문서관, 기능에 있어서는 열람실, 독서실, 독서지도 등을 지적하였다. 사서의 도움 만족도나 필요성에 있어서는 리커트 척도의 3.5(5점 척도) 이상으로 긍정적이었다. 자료 구성은 목회자와 성도에게 필요한 종교관련 도서 위주를 선호하고, 교회도서관을 지역주민에게 개방하는 것은 매우 긍정적으로 찬성하며, 전도에도 도움이 된다고 하였다. 따라서 향후 도서관이 없는 교회는 성도의 종교지식 함양과 전도의 효과를 위해 교회도서관 설치를 적극적으로 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Objectives: The pandemic of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus has required decision-makers to act in the face of the substantial uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated the potential impact of the pandemic response strategies in the Republic of Korea using a mathematical model. Methods: We developed a deterministic model of a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in a structured population using the demographic data from the Korean population and the epidemiological feature of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. To estimate the parameter values for the deterministic model, we used the available data from the previous studies on pandemic influenza. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea for novel influenza A (H1N1) virus such as school closure, mass vaccination (70% of population in 30 days), and a policy for anti-viral drug (treatment or prophylaxis) were applied to the deterministic model. Results: The effect of two-week school closure on the attack rate was low regardless of the timing of the intervention. The earlier vaccination showed the effect of greater delays in reaching the peak of outbreaks. When it was no vaccination, vaccination at initiation of outbreak, vaccination 90 days after the initiation of outbreak and vaccination at the epidemic peak point, the total number of clinical cases for 400 days were 20.8 million, 4.4 million, 4.7 million and 12.6 million, respectively. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea delayed the peak of outbreaks (about 40 days) and decreased the number of cumulative clinical cases (8 million). Conclusions: Rapid vaccination was the most important factor to control the spread of pandemic influenza, and the response strategies of the Republic of Korea were shown to delay the spread of pandemic influenza in this deterministic model.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.460-470
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• 1998

By expanding health insurance, customers will carry a smaller burden of medical costs. As a result, the number of visits to a physician increase and this result in the improvement of medical accessibility. But medical care utilization may be changed not only by insurance status but also by socio-demographic factor, economic status and other factors. The question thus remains, at which level of accessibility and what price of medical care service in health insurance will the customer and the medical care service be satisfied. The price of medical care service ls comprised of the customer's out-of-pocket money and the costs not covered by health insurance. If the price of medical care services in health insurance are appropriate, medical care utilization should not differ because of the difference in income status or the acuteness of illness. But If the price is not adequate, low income groups will receive relatively low medical care utilization, particularly in the case of chronic disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences in medical care utilization among the various income groups and those with varying acuteness of illness. The major hypotheses to test in this study are : (i) whether there are differences in medical care utilization among different income groups exist, (ii) whether differences in medical care utilization among different income groups exist with the hospital type. (iii) whether differences in medical care utilization among different income groups exist with the acuteness of illness and with age. The data was collected from the JongRo District Health Insurance Society in Seoul. A total of 118,336 persons were selected as the final sample for this study. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1. The volume of ambulatory utilization among users was statistically significant by income level. 2. Among different income groups, the volume of ambulatory utilization was statistically significant by the acuteness of illness. 3. Higher income groups with chronic diseases had a greater volume of ambulatory utilization than other groups.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the relationship among health belief. health locus of control and patients sick-role behavior compliance of diabetic mellitus patients visiting public health center. Method: The subjects of this study were 193 of the diabetic patients who were visiting 4 Public Health Center in B city. The instrument used for measuring health belief was Park's(1985). for health locus of control was Wallston. et al's(1978) and for sick-role behavior compliance was Park's(1984). The data were collected with structured questionnaires; total 58 items contained about health belief. health locus of control and sick-role behavior compliance from 1st to 31st July. 2001. The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC programs using t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficient. ANOVA and Scheffe-test. Result: The average score of the health belief was $57.99\pm9.45$ health locus of control was $66.83\pm9.48$ and sick-role behavior compliance was $42.81\pm7.00$. Statistically significant factors influencing the health belief among social demographic characteristics were family number(F=3.818. p=0.024), monthly income(F=5.153, p=0.002), time of diagnosis(F=3.937. p=0.002) and difficult to control disease(F=5.803. p=0.000). The significant factors influencing the health locus of control were marital status(F=4.669. p=0.010). Also significant factors influencing the sick-role behavior compliance were monthly incomes(F=5.245, p=0.000). the time of diagnosis(F=4.424. p=0.001) and admission to hospital with diabetes(F=9.031. p=0.000). There was negative mild correlation comparatively between health belief and sickrole behavior compliance(r=-0.142, p<0.05) but no correlation in sensitiveness/severity, barrier, benefit(p<0.05). There was no correlation between internal. external. chance health locus of control and sick-role behavior compliance (P>0.05). Conclusion: There was a negative weak relationship between health locus of control and patient's sick role behavior compliance. Therefore further study to investigate the relating factor of the sick role behavior compliance among above of middle aged diabetes mellitus patients is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.190-202
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• 1996

본 논문은 주의산만이나 과잉운동을 주소로 대학병원 정신과에 내원한 5세에서 13세 사이의 환아들을 대상으로 인구학적 특성과 주진단 및 공존질병에 대해서 조사하였고, 그 중에서 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애(ADHD)로 진단 받은 환아들의 인구학적 및 임상적 특성을 조사하였으며, 공존질병이 있는 집단과 ADHD만 있는 집단을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 ADHD군과 외향적장애군 및 내향적장애군 등 세집단간의 임상특성과 심리검사상의 차이를 알아보았다. 주진단은 ADHD가 가장 많았고. 불안장애, 정신지체, 우울증, 반항장애, 발달성언어장애 등의 순이었다. 두 가지 이상의 진단이 내려진 경우가 48.9% 이었고, 부진단으로는 유뇨증, 품행장애, 발달성언어장애 등이 있었다. 주진단을 ADHD로 받은 환아들에서 공존질병이 있는 경우가 55.3%에 달했고. 공존질병은 특수발달장애, 품행장애, 반항장애, 불안장애 등의 순이었다. 순수 ADHD군에 비해서 공존질병 수반군에서는 동작성 지능검사와 연속과제수행검사에서 저조한 수행을 보였다. 외향적장애군은 ADHD군에 비해 지능검사의 상식 소검사 및 같은 그림찾기 검사와 연속과제수행검사에서 수행의 저하를 보였다. 내향적장애군은 ADHD군에 비해 교사 평정척도 점수가 낮았고, 아동행동조사표의 소통불능요인이 높았으며 연속과제수행검사에서는 카드 오류수가 낮았다. 본 연구의 결과를 볼 때 주의산만이나 과잉운동이 주증상으로 나타날 경우 각종 평가 및 신경심리검사도구를 광범위하게 사용하여 ADHD 외에도 외향적 및 내향적장애군 등 다양한 질환을 감별하여야 하며, ADHD 진단을 내리는 경우에도 수반된 공존질병의 유무를 확인하여 이를 치료계획에 반영하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.170-181
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• 2011

Purpose: There is considerable variability in rates of hospitalization for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in part because of physicians' uncertainty in assessing the severity of illness at presentation. The purpose of the study was to examine the current treatment patterns and factors influencing the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and clinical outcomes in the patient with CAP. Method: The retrospective data collection of the patients with CAP was conducted and the data were reviewed. The collected data included demographic, clinical, laboratory and microbiological medical information. All patients were stratified into three risk groups according to PSI: low risk (PSI score I-II), moderate risk (III) and high risk (IV-V) groups. The examined treatment patterns were the appropriateness of admissions, category of antibiotics used. The prognostic factors associated with PSI and clinical outcomes were examined. Results: One hundred and six patients' medical data were reviewed. The overall appropriateness of admissions was low presenting many of patients were admitted or intensely treated in the hospital despite of lower risk of prognosis and treated with intravenous antibiotics instead of oral fluoroquinolones. Primary pneumonia pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (27%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.6%). Mean LOS was 8.5 days and was significantly longer (10.0days) (p<0.001) in high risk group. The patients with age >65 (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), mental alteration (p<0.001), and/or $PaO_2$ <60 mmHg (p<0.001) had a tendency to have higher PSI. The prognostic factors associated with longer LOS were age >65 years (p=0.008), mental status alteration (p<0.001), dyspnea (p=0.002) and PSI score (p=0.001). The prognostic factors associated with mortality were congestive heart failure (p=0.038), systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg (p=0.002) and arterial pH <7.35 (p=0.013). Conclusion: Most of patients were found to over-utilize medical service according to appropriateness of admissions. The elderly, mentally altered patients with low $PaO_2$ had higher PSI score with increased risk of LOS. The mortality could be increased in the patient with disease state of congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, and/or acidosis.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.163-179
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• 2015

지속가능한 개발은 우리 사회와 환경에 많은 잠재적인 혜택을 가져오고 있다. 따라서 여러 교육 기관들이 초중등학교를 위한 교육 프로그램에 지속가능한 개발의 개념을 도입하는데 큰 관심을 보이고 있다. 또한 초중등학교 기술교사들은 그 교육과정이나 교육프로그램에 지속가능한 개발의 개념을 받아들이려고 많은 노력을 해오고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 지속가능한 개발의 개념에 관한 우리나라 고등학생들의 태도를 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구의 참가자는 경기도에 있는 6개 고등학교의 1073명의 고등학생이다. 지속가능한 개발을 위한 태도 척도와 인구통계학적 정보를 조사하기 위해 설문지를 사용되었다. 이 연구는 지속가능한 개발에 관한 고등학생들의 태도 수준을 알아보기 위해 통계적 분석을 하였으며 이를 통해 지속가능한 개발과 관련된 하위 개념을 규명하였다. 그 결과 지속가능한 개발에 관한 고등학생들의 태도를 다음의 세 가지로 규정하였다: (1) 지속가능한 개발에 대한 인지, (2) 지속가능한 개발에 대한 실천, 그리고 (3) 지속가능한 개발을 위한 교육에 대한 인식 탐색적 요인분석의 결과는 이런 지속가능한 개발을 위한 세 가지 측면과 일치했다. 또한 개방형 질문에서 얻은 질적인 자료는 지속가능한 개발에 대한 인지와 실천의 영역을 말하고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 지속가능한 개발을 위한 교육의 연구와 실천과 관련되어 몇 가지 제안들을 하고 있다.