• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the physical-related stress on the appearance management behavior of middle-aged women. The questionnaires were administered to 414 middle-aged women living in Gwang-ju city, Korea. For analysis of data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan-test were applied. The result was as follows. First, the middle-aged women's physical-related stress was classified as follows: 1) body-related stress, 2) face-related stress, 3) hair-related stress. The middle-aged women were under a lot of pressures from hair. Second, usually, between the group of physical-related much stress and a little stress. There was not significant difference in appearance management behavior: existence in a purchasing experience. But there were significant differences in it: intention of purchasing. Third, among demographic factors(age, educated level, job, income, and existence or nonexistence menstruation), there were significant differences on a physical-related stress. Finally, among demographic factors(age, educated level, job, income, existence or nonexistence her husband, and existence or nonexistence menstruation), there were significant differences in appearance management behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.942-951
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to categorize consumers into subdivided groups by fashion leadership, and to compare and analyze demographic variables, benefits sought of clothing and clothing style preferences between the subdivided groups by fashion leadership. The subjects were 303 female in their age of 30's and 40's living in Seoul and the Kyunggi province. For the analysis of the, mean, Pearson's correlation, $\chi$2-test, Factor Analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test were conducted and the cronbach's $\alpha$ has been calculated to measure the reliability. The results are as follows; 1. Consumers are categorized into four groups, which are fashion dual leaders, fashion leaders, fashion followers, and the fashion laggards. Among the 4 sub-groups by fashion leadership, there were significant differences in demographic variables such as age, education level and occupation. 2. Among the 4 sub-groups by fashion leadership, there were significant differences in benefits sought according to factors such as brand, individuality, fashionability and activity. 3. Among the 4 sub-groups by fashion leadership, there were significant differences in clothing style preferences according to individual and sexy, simple and sophisticated style, elegant and formal style, slim style, modest and plain style.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were 1) to segment 20's female apparel market using consumer's fashion image preference in formal wear, and 2) to identify the group differences in seasonal color (hue and tone) and color image (image associate with lightness and chroma) preference as well as in demographic variables. The subjects were 253 females in their late twenties living in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected using self-administred questionnaires and analyzed by factor analysis. Cluster analysis, $\chi$2 -test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Four fashion image groups were identified through cluster analysis using consumer's fashion image preference: Elegant image group, Sexy image group, Lively image group, and Romantic image group. 2) There were significant differences among fashion image groups in hue preference for spring clothes, tone preferences for spring and fall clothes. Color images are associated with lightness for spring and summer, and are associated with chroma for spring, summer, and fall. Group differences in demographic variables were found in socio-economic status and average expenditure for formal jacket.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.75-86
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• 2003

The purpose of the study is to identify consumers' use of information source, store image, and demographic characteristics by their lifestyle types. and to establish a strategy for marketing and customer satisfaction management in order to response actively to the change of consumer behavior and to survive in this boundless competition. Out of the adult females who visited any discount store from October 3 to October 13. 2001. 300 women who would understand the purpose of the survey and respond it. were given with the questionnaire. Finally, 245 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The data were processed in factor analysis. group analysis. deviation analysis. Duncan. and cross analysis. with SPSS WIN 10.0. The results are as follows: 1. Life style were categorized into 4 groups: social service pursuing group, fashion change pursuing group. convenience pursuing group, cultural life pursuing group. 2. There were some differences in discount store consumers's use of information source about the cosmetics according to lifestyle types. 3. There were some differences in discount store consumers's store image about the cosmetics according to lifestyle types. 4. There were some differences in discount store consumers's demographic characteristics about the cosmetics according to lifestyle types.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.123-136
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze body image of women and investigate the relationships of apparel management behavior and weight(figure) control behavior. To achieve the purposes, a questionnaire was conducted to 329 females from October 5 to October 25, 2011. The final data were analyzed with spss 17.0 program. The results were as follows. First, It was found that body image were classified 4 factors of care for appearance, concern about weight, effort of appearance improvement. and appearance attractiveness. Second, there were significant differences of body image by demographic characteristics. Third, there were significant differences of BMI, apparel management behavior and weight(figure) control behavior by demographic characteristics. Forth, there were significant differences of body image, apparel management behavior and weight(figure) control behavior by BMI. Fifth, there were partial significant relations of body image, BMI, appearance management behavior and weight(figure) control behavior. Thus, it was found that body image is related to appearance management behavior and weight(figure) control behavior.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.62-76
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• 1999

The objectives of this study are to investigate consumer experiences with premiums, consumer preferences in premiums offered for clothing and the effect of premiums on clothing purchasing behaviors. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to 610 men and women from ages 15 to 59 living in the Seoul metropolitan area from February 25 to March 9, 1999 ; 548 were used for the data analysis. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, chi-square analysis and Duncan's multiple range tests. Significant differences were found among selected demographic groups in information sources used for premium offers, experiences of receiving premiums, purchasing experiences due to premium offers, preferences between discount and premiums, additional purchase intentions because of premiums, and the premiums'influences. The groups with purchase experiences or brand and stores selecting experiences due to premium, showed significant differences in premiums'influences and the satisfaction levels with premiums. Regarding preferences between discount and premiums, significant differences were found in and the satisfaction levels with premiums.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.11 s.213
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• pp.17-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore consumption status of scented textile products and to determine differences in consumption behaviors of scented textile products among subject groups separated by demographic (sex, age) and lifestyle (health concern, fashion involvement, innovativenss) characteristics. A total of 530 consumers who had used scented textile products participated in the web survey for the study. Consumer data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, chi-square test, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and LSD test. In the results, the most often used products were small commodities, socks, bedding, and underwear of hub and flower scents. Consumers considered a product test as the most crucial information source and scent as the most significant decision making factor for purchase. Demographic and lifestyle group differences were found in some of the product types in use as well as in purchase behaviors (total spending amount, purchase venue, information source, considering factors when purchasing). The applicability of the study result to the theory of innovation adoption was discussed. Marketing implications were suggested based on the study results.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.614-627
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between self-concept and cosmetic benefits sought, to disclose the differences in the benefits according to demographic variables and cosmetic purchase behavior, and to examine how cosmetic benefits were influenced by self-concept and demographic variables of women. Subjects were 453 women in age from 18 to 55 years in Seoul. Four dimensions of cosmetic benefits of women were derived by factor analysis :＇brand orientation＇, ＇fashion＇, ＇economies＇, and ＇functional efficiency＇, Cosmetic benefit was influenced most by family self-concept, and self-concept was influenced most by benefit of economics, next by functional efficiency, and fashion. Brand orientation, fashion, and economics showed significant differences according to marital status. The higher the income, the higher the score on brand orientation, fashion, and functional efficiency. There were significant differences in brand orientation, fashion, and economics according to cosmetic purchase expense, the number of purchase times, and stores, while functional efficiency showed no significant difference depending upon the number of cosmetic purchase times. Brand orientation was influenced by marital status, income, and physical self, fashion influenced by age(-), physical self, income, and family self(-). Economics was influenced by family self(-) and marital status(-). The present findings provided that self-concept such as physical self and family self is significant variables to understand the cosmetic benefits sought.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.900-916
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to define housewife's risk perception and risk reduction behavior when purchasing children's wear, and to identify the differences according to the clothing buying behavior and demographic characteristics. Data were gathered through survey with 429 housewives in Seoul and metropolitan area, and then statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan's test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results showed partially significant differences in risk perception, especially economic risk and social psychological risks, among housewife consumer groups according to the clothing buying behavior and the demographic characteristics. There were significant differences in risk reduction behaviors among the groups, especially brand preference/industry information, observation/experience, and media information. Also, correlations between risk perception and risk reduction behaviors were found. The social psychological risk perception was highly correlated to the risk reduction behaviors, while the time/convenience loss risk was not correlated to any risk reduction behavior. The results of this study provide insight into children's wear business through suggesting marketing implication.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.166-173
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to find differences between physical activity and health-related factors of Korean male adults. Methods: Using the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES V-1), the data of 1,876 Korean males over 30 years old who completed the Health Interview, Health Behavior Surveys and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were analyzed. Analysis of differences in physical activity according to socio-demographic factors, physical health-related factors and psychological health-related factors was tested using the F-test and chi-square test with SPSS 12.0. Results: The high physical activity group was merely 2.5% and the moderate group was 51.4%. In each group, the study showed significant differences in age (p=.017), education status (p=.019), and economic status (p=.032) of socio-demographic factors, in body mass index (p=.003), vitamin D (p=.020) and hypertension status (p=.007) of physical health-related factors, and in recognition of stress (p=.027) of psychological health-related factors. Conclusion: These results revealed that physical activity can play an important role in nursing intervention of physical and psychological health-related factors in male adults.