• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

전력 수요가 증가하고 재생 가능 에너지에 대한 관심이 증폭됨에 따라, 수요를 억제하여 필요한 공급량을 줄일 수 있는 '수요반응' 프로그램에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 가정에 스마트미터를 구비한 국내 사용자들을 대상으로 진행된 에너지 수요반응 실증사업에 대한 실증분석으로, 사전심층 인터뷰, 설문 및 기술수용모델 분석을 통하여 가정 전력 사용자들이 수요반응 프로그램을 받아들이는 데 중요한 요인들을 살펴본다. 수요반응의 목표는 피크시간대에 미션이 발령되면 전력사용량을 평소보다 줄이는 것이며, 실험대상은 스마트미터 구입 경로와 에너지를 절감했을 때 보상받는 방식에 따라 2개의 상이한 집단으로 구성되었다. 집단 A는 주로 IoT플랫폼 서비스에 가입하는 과정에서 마케터와의 대화를 통해 전체 서비스 중 하나인 스마트미터 서비스에 함께 가입하는 경로로 수요반응 프로그램에 유입되었고, 보상으로는 통신비 할인을 받았다. 반면 집단 B는 스마트미터를 자발적으로 구매하거나 에너지 자립 마을 지역주민으로서 지자체 지원을 통해 스마트미터를 지원 받아 프로그램에 유입되었고, 미션 성공에 대한 보상은 사회적 기부를 통해 이루어졌다. 분석 결과 집단 A는 인지된 용이성과 인지된 유용성 외에 인지된 유희성도 포함된 확장된 기술수용모델이 적합함을 알 수 있었고,집단 B는 모델의 적합도가 떨어지기는 하지만 집단 A에 비해 인지된 유용성에 대한 중요도가 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 집단 특성에 따른 프로그램 설계방향을 제시하여 향후 수요반응 프로그램을 효과적으로 운영하는 데에 도움을 줄 것으로 보인다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.589_590
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• 2009

This paper presents a unique approach to scheme a demand response (DR) program in the electricity market from a customer-oriented perspective, which is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed program is designed as an incentive-based program (IBP) considering Korea power systems with the cost-based generation pool (CBP). And the proposed DR program has the objective to maximize social welfare corresponding customers‘ participation and the constraints including incentive payments, the specific load curtailment conditions and reserve-margin criterion. A test system for the case study is used to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the proposed approach, and the load profiles with the proposed DR program are obtained. The results show not only the revenue attributable to the avoided costs but also enhancement of system reliability.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권9호
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 2016

Now we are facing severe environmental issues such as global warming. Due to these, the concerns about eco-friendly energy have been increased. Kyoto protocol and Copenhagen climate change conference are circumstantial evidence of it. With these trends, the interests for the Electric Vehicles(EVs) which do not emit any harmful gases have gradually been raised. Unfortunately, however, massive connection of EVs to the power system could cause negative impacts such as voltage variations, frequency variations and increase of demand power. To prevent the mentioned issues, KEPCO adopts Time-of-Use(ToU) price for EVs charging. Nevertheless, it is important to verify the propriety of the charging system. In this paper, therefore, we used pre-introduced price elasticity concept to predict possible Demand Response(DR) on charging of EVs. And analyzed possible demand power increase according to various price elasticities. Simulation results show that given ToU based charging system would not enough to control the increase of demand power by EVs on the power system. It is concluded, therefore, additional methods and/or algorithms are required.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2022

The renewable energy based MG is becoming one of the prominent solutions for greenhouse gas and constructing less power lines. However, how to procure the economics of MG considering the CO₂ emission and utility network impact is one of major issues as the proportion of renewable resource increases. This paper proposes the feasibility study scheme of campus MG and shows that the LCOE and CO₂ emission can be reduced by utilizing the excess power and introducing hydrogen system and plus DR. For this, the three cases: (a) adding the PV and selling excess power to utility, (b) producing and selling hydrogen using excess power, and (c) participating in plus DR are considered. For each case, not only the topology and component capacity of MG to secure economic feasibility, but also CO₂ emission and utility network effects are derived. If an electrolyzer with a capacity of 400 kW participates in plus DR for 3,730hours/year, the economic feasibility is securable if plus DR settlement and hydrogen sale price are more than 7.08¢/kWh and 8.3USD/kg or 6.25¢/kWh and 8.6USD/kg, respectively. For this end, continuous technical development and policy support for hydrogen system and plus DR are required.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.99-127
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• 2007

시간대별 차등요금제(Time-based Pricing)를 포함하여 전력시장에 존재하는 다양한 수요반응(Demand Response) 제도를 개발하고 이를 활성화하기 위한 정책적 수단들이 해외 선진국 전력시장을 중심으로 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 미국의 경우, 2005년 발효된 에너지법에 의하여 이러한 수요반응의 활성화가 준비되고 있으며, 이에 따라 미국의 각 주에서는 신뢰할 수 있고 활용 가능한 수요반응 서비스를 소비자에게 제공하기 위한 다각적인 노력을 시행하고 있다. 즉, 실시간 요금제도(Real-Time Pricing)와 지역별 요금제도(Locational Pricing)의 도입을 통해 시간과 공간에 따른 차등 요금제를 채택하고 있으며, 다양한 인센티브기반 수요반응(Incentive-based DR) 프로그램에 기초하여 기존의 공급자 위주의 수요관리 프로그램들이 시장 친화적 프로그램인 수요반응 프로그램으로 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 우리나라 전력시장에서도 1970년대 이후로 현재까지 다양한 수요관리사업들이 시행되어 오고 있으나, 해외 전력시장의 사례와 같이, 소비자 중심적이고 시장 친화적인 수요자원 활용으로의 전환이 체계적으로 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수요반응자원을 전력시장에 도입했을 때 발생할 수 있는 다양한 이익(전력시장 효율 증진 효과, 공급비용 회피 효과, 현물시장 가격감소 효과 등)에 대한 정량적이고 이론적인 분석을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 수요반응제도 도입의 사회경제적 이익을 계량화하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1125-1131
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• 2014

Application of residential demand response (DR) programs are currently realized up to a limited extent due to customers' difficulty in manually responding to the time-differentiated prices. As a solution, this paper proposes an automatic home load management (HLM) framework to achieve the household minimum payment as well as meet the operational constraints to provide customer's comfort. The projected HLM method controls on/off statuses of responsive appliances and the charging/discharging periods of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and battery storage at home. This paper also studies the impacts of different time-varying tariffs, i.e., time of use (TOU), real time pricing (RTP), and inclining block rate (IBR), on the home load management (HLM). The study is effectuated in a smart home with electrical appliances, a PHEV, and a storage system. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HLM program. Peak of household load demand along with the customer payment costs are reported as the consequence of applying different pricings models in HLM.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2015년도 제46회 하계학술대회
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• pp.529-530
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• 2015

스마트그리드 환경에서 증가하는 에너지 수요에 대응하기 위하여 수요 반응(Demand response, DR) 프로그램에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 특히, 전력 분야에서는 공급측 자원과 수요측 자원을 효율적으로 운영하기 위하여 수요 반응에 기반한 마이크로그리드 운영 기술이 요구되며, 추후 마이크로그리드의 실 시스템에 많은 도입이 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 TOU(Time-of-use)와 DLC(Direct load control)에 기반한 마이크로그리드의 최적 운영계획을 수립하고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 수리적 모델의 타당성을 검토하고자 한다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a new load forecasting method for smart air conditioning (A/C) based on the modified thermodynamics of indoor temperature and the unbiased finite memory estimator (UFME). Based on modified first-order thermodynamics, the dynamic behavior of indoor temperature can be described by the time-domain state-space model, and an accurate estimate of indoor temperature can be achieved by the proposed UFME. In addition, a reliable A/C load forecast can be obtained using the proposed method. Our study involves the experimental validation of the proposed A/C load forecasting method and communication construction between DR server and HEMS in a test bed. Through experimental data sets, the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method is validated.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.1964-1970
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• 2010

A new intelligent power network (Smart Grid) that grafts some new technologies, such as the extension of the new and reproducible energy, electric motors, and electric storages, onto the regulation of green house gases according to the recent convention on climate changes has been actively promoted. As establishing such an intelligent power network, it is possible to implement a real-time rate system according to the change from the conventional single directional information transmission to the bidirectional information transmission. Such a real-time rate system can provide power during the chip rate hour by avoiding the high rate hour although customers use the same level of power through providing such real-time rate information including power generation costs. In this study, the establishment of an operating system that makes an effective use of the real-time rate system and its operation method are to be proposed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1215-1224
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• 2011

Recently, a lot of research for the smart grid technology have been carried out to achieve energy efficiency for the electronic products. In order to practically apply this study, smart instruments which are capable of the AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) and DR (Demand Response) function are necessary. However, it is difficult to apply the function of the smart grid to the electronic product that cannot support the smart grid. Accordingly, the efficient use of electric energy is impossible. In order to solve this problem, the electronic product has to be changed into the exclusive electronic product supporting smart grid technology or the smart controller has to be attached the outside of the device. In this study, we developed the smart controller for connecting the electric appliances to the smart grid system. It can be attached to the illumination and the smart grid-based lamp control system at home. We additionally designed the message frame and the protocol to operate the smart controller with the AMI based EMS (Energy Management Server). We developed an experimental system to practically verify functions of the smart controller which is attached to the lighting device. From the system, we showed that the electric source of the illumination can be controlled according to the load change and saved energy effectively. We also confirmed the structural benefit and the energy-efficient effect through the verification of the smart controller.