• Title/Summary/Keyword: Demand elasticity

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Changes in Elasticities of Demand for Oil Products and Electricity in Korea (석유제품과 전력의 수요행태 변화에 대한 실증분석)

  • Kim, Youngduk;Park, Minsoo
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.251-279
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    • 2013
  • Prices of oil products such as gasoline and diesel are deregulated since 1997 while electricity price is still controlled by government. This difference may explain recent discrepancy in the patterns of demand for oil products and electricity - constant increase in electricity consumption and stagnant demand for oil. To verify it empirically, we estimate price and income (production) elasticity of demand across time by using a rolling regression with 10 year-window based on monthly data for 1981-2011. Estimation results show that the sensitivity to price in demand for gasoline and diesel has increased since mid-90s while the elasticity of demand for electricity has become smaller. Second, income (production) elasticities of demand have shown no significant changes for both oil products and electricity. Third, cross-price elasticity was found meaningful only for gasoline before mid 1990s and for diesel after then.

Labor Demand in Korea: A Survey (한국의 노동수요 : 문헌 연구)

  • NAM, SUNG IL
    • Journal of Labour Economics
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.1-44
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    • 2013
  • This paper surveys the existing literatures on labor demand of Korea. It has been found that labor and capital are substitutes in Korea and the result holds even if labor is decomposed into white collar and blue collar workers. The elasticity of substitution lies between 0 and 1. It is yet unclear if employment and work hours are substitutes. The reduction of legal work week did not increase employment although decreased work hours. The labor demand elasticity is below 0.5 in the short run. Since mid 1990s, the technological change has shown skill bias and therefore increased demand for skilled labor.

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The Effects of Spot Pricing for the Change of the Electric Power Demand Based the Demand Elasticity (수요 탄력성에 따른 전력수요의 변화가 현물가격에 미치는 영향)

  • 김문영;백영식;송경빈
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.142-148
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    • 2002
  • The variations of real time electric price in competitive electricity markets have influence on electric power demands of the consumers. Residential, commercial, and industrial consumers with different characteristics cause the different price elasticity of the demand due to changing the pattern of consumption. Therefore, this paper analyze the effects of spot pricing for the change of the electric power demand based on the demand elasticity of each loads in competitive electricity market.

An Econometric Analysis of Imported Softwood Log Markets in South Korea - on the Basis of the Lagged Dependent Variable -

  • Park, Yong Bae;Youn, Yeo-Chang
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.98 no.2
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    • pp.148-155
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    • 2009
  • The objective of this study is to know market structures of softwood logs being imported to South Korea from log producing countries. Import demand of softwood logs imported to South Korea from America, New Zealand and Chile is fixed as a function of log prices, the lagged dependent variable and output. On the basis of the adaptive expectations model, linear regression models that the explanatory variables included and the lagged dependent variable were estimated by Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE). The short-run and long-run own price elasticity of America's softwood log import demand is -1.738 and -4.250 respectively. Then long-run elasticity is much higher than short-run elasticity. Short-run and long-run crosselasticity of New Zealand's softwood log import demand with respect to American's softwood log import price are inelastic at 0.505 and 0.883 respectively. Short-run and long-run cross-elasticity of Chile's softwood log import demands with respect to American's softwood log import prices were highly elastic at 2.442 and 4.462 respectively. Long-run elasticity was almost twice as high as short-run elasticity.

The effects of spot pricing for the change of the electric power demand based the demand elasticity (수요 탄력성에 따른 전력수요의 변화가 현물가격에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Moon-Young;Baek, Young-Sik;Song, Kyung-Bin
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2001.07a
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    • pp.524-526
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    • 2001
  • The variations of real time electric price in competitive electricity markets have influence on electric power demands of the consumers. Residential, commercial, and industrial consumers, with different characteristics cause the different price elasticity of the demand due to changing the pattern of consumption. Therefore, this paper calculate the elasticity of each loads and analysis the effects of electric power demands and spot pricing as a function of elasticity in competitive electricity market.

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Price Elasticity Response to Gasoline Price Liberalization (휘발유가격 자유화에 따른 가격탄력성의 변화)

  • Kim, Youngduk
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.525-556
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    • 2002
  • This paper investigates effect of gasoline price liberalization on price elasticity of gasoline demand. By using a model where a consumer optimizes her gasoline consumption and number of visits to gas station, we derive price elasticity of gasoline demand and its response to variation of size and frequency in price changes. It shows that price elasticity is decreased with increase in the size and frequency when the price rises. Since price liberalization increases the frequency but reduces the size, the effect of the liberalization on the price elasticity may not be determined. However, price liberalization can make the elasticity higher when the size reduction effect exceeds the frequency increase effect, which is consistent with empirical evidence provided by existing studies.

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A Time-Series Analysis on the Household Educational Expenditure (가계의 교육비 지출에 관한 시계열 분석)

  • 이성림
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.40 no.7
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    • pp.101-118
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    • 2002
  • This study examined the levels and trends in the household expenditure in both public and private education. Between 1982 and 2000, the level of the total educational expenditure increased by 5% in each year on average, increased by 2.2% for public education, and by 11.4% for private education. On the public educational expenditure, the consumption expenditure elasticity was 0.2 and the price elasticity was 1.49. On the private educational expenditure, the consumption expenditure elasticity was 1.5 and became below 1 after 1998, and the price elasticity was 2.63. The results indicated that the educational expenditure was necessary rather than luxurious and there was excess demand for private education. The level of the educational expenditure would continue to increase without reforms both in the supply and demand sides.

A Proposal for Inverse Demand Curve Production of Cournot Model for Application to the Electricity Market

  • Kang Dong-Joo;Oh Tae-Kyoo;Chung Koohyung;Kim Balho H.
    • KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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    • v.5A no.4
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    • pp.403-411
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    • 2005
  • At present, the Cournot model is one of the most commonly used theories to analyze the gaming situation in an oligopoly type market. However, several problems exist in the successful application of this model to the electricity market. The representative one is obtaining the inverse demand curve able to be induced from the relationship between market price and demand response. In the Cournot model, each player offers their generation quantity to obtain maximum profit, which is accomplished by reducing their quantity compared with available total capacity. As stated above, to obtain the probable Cournot equilibrium to reflect the real market situation, we have to induce the correct demand function first of all. Usually the correlation between price and demand appears over the long-term through statistical data analysis (for example, regression analysis) or by investigating consumer utility functions of several consumer groups classified as residential, industrial, and commercial. However, the elasticity has a tendency to change continuously according to the total market demand size or the level of market price. Therefore it should be updated as the trading period passes by. In this paper we propose a method for inducing and updating this price elasticity of demand function for more realistic market equilibrium.

Estimation of Air Travel Demand Models and Elasticities for Jeju-Mainland Domestic Routes (제주-내륙 간 국내선 항공여객수요모형 및 탄력성의 추정)

  • Baek, Seung-Han;Kim, Sung-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.51-63
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    • 2008
  • Jeju-Mainland demand for air passenger is variated by the season because most of the demands stem from the leisure travel. This research is to estimate the econometrics demand models(A simple time series model and the partial adjustment model) and elasticities of each models for the Jeju-Mainland domestic routes air travel market using the time series aggregate data between the year 1996 and 2005. As the result of estimating, income elasticity was evaluated to be elastic(1.55) and fare elasticity was inelastic(-0.49${\sim}$-0.59) for A simple time series models. In the partial adjustment model's case, income elasticity was evaluated to be inelastic(0.51) in short-run whereas it was evaluated to be elastic(1.88) in long-run. Fare elasticity was evaluated to be inelastic in short-run(high-demand season: -0.13, slack season: -0.20) and long-run(high-demand season: -0.48, slack season: -0.72).

Relation between Highway Improvement and Induced Travel Demand, and Estimate the Demand Elasticity (A Seoul Metropolitan Area Case) (도로환경개선과 집합적 개념의 유발통행수요와의 관련성 규명 및 수요탄력성 추정(수도권을 중심으로))

  • Lee, Gyu-Jin;Choe, Gi-Ju;Sim, Sang-U;Kim, Sang-Su
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.24 no.4 s.90
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    • pp.7-17
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    • 2006
  • The purpose or this paper is to investigate the relationship between highway improvement and Induced Travel Demand(ITD) focusing on the Seoul metropolitan area data. In addition, authors tried to estimate basic unit of demand elasticity focusing on zone and trip purpose which can be applied for the ITD forecasting. The results are based on the 2002 Metropolitan Household Transportation Survey Data, where the demand elasticity (DE) is -0.582 in Seoul, -0.597 in Incheon and -0.559 in Gyounggi province, respectively. This study revealed part of the relationship between highway improvement and ITD for metropolitan region and provided the framework for yielding real estimated values by applying the concept of demand elasticity in terms of the relationship by using regional and long-term data. We expect that the basic unit of demand elasticity focusing on zone and trip purpose can be applied for the ITD forecasting to analyze the whole demand exactly The estimated DE's for age group and day of week can also be used for Proper transportation management and transport Policy making. Some limitations have also been discussed.