• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.21-32
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• 2007

This paper deals with the sequencing problem in the operation of the manufacturing systems with the constraint of buffer capacity. Some of studies for this theme have been progressed for several years. And then most of them considered only one objective, such as maximum lateness, machine utilization, makespan, mean flowtime and so on. This study deal with two objectives of the delivery for customers and the idle time of machines for producers. For the decision of sequence, the utility function is used. The developed heuristic algorithm presents a good solution. Through a numerical example, the procedures of the job sequencing is explained.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.43-61
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• 2013

With the recent introduction of supply chain management (SCM), quality management has extended from within companies to between companies. As a result, supply chain quality management (SCQM) has received increased attention. However, existing SCQM studies only focus on what impact quality control in supply chains have on company performance while virtually no studies examine quality control efficiencies. This paper, therefore, evaluated the SCQM efficiency of a parent company and its partner companies by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on the Quality Collaboration Index for Supply Chain Management (QCI-SCM) conducted by the Korean Standards Association for its 'Quality Innovation-Based Building and Expansion of Business.' Study results showed that a parent company and its partners showed an overall average efficiency of approximately 80% (parent company 80.37%, partner company 79.05%). By also performing a discriminant analysis based on the calculated efficiency scores using DEA, factors that made companies efficient or inefficient were different between the two groups. In parent companies, efficiency and inefficiency were determined by factors such as communication, infra-structure, support, delivery of quality, and benefit sharing, whereas in partner companies, talent development, infrastructure, crisis management, and delivery of quality were the determining factors. In this paper, we examined the efficiency of SCQM and analyzed them from the perspective of both the parent company and partner companies to offer strategic SCQM insights.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.280-286
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• 2004

The widespread use of the Internet and the maturing of digital video technology have led to an increase in various streaming media application. However, new classes of hosts such as mobile devices are gaining popularity, while the transmission became more heterogeneous. Due to the characteristics of mobile networks such as low speed, high error bit rate, etc., the applications over the wireless channel have different needs and limitations from desktop computers. An intermediary between two communicating endpoints to hide the heterogeneous network links is thought as one of the best approaches. In this paper, we adopted the concept of inter-packet gap and the sequence number between continuously received packets as the error discriminator, and designed an adaptive packet sizing mechanism to improve the network efficiency under varying channel conditions. Based on the proposed mechanism, the packetization scheme with error protection is proposed to scalable encoded video delivery. Finally, simulation results reveal that our proposed mechanism can react to the varying BER conditions with better network efficiency and gain the obvious improvement to video quality for stored MPEG-4 FGS video delivery.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1317-1321
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• 2007

Arginine conjugated PAMAM dendrimer, PAMAM-R was modified with propylene oxide via hydroxylation of primary amines of arginine residues. About 49 amines were detected to be converted to amino alcohols by 1H NMR. The newly synthesized polymer, PAMAM-R-PO was able to completely retard pDNA from a charge ratio of 2. The average diameter of PAMAM-R-PO polyplex was found to be 242 nm at a charge ratio of 30. The Zeta-potential value of PAMAM-R-PO polyplex was able to reach 20-30 mV over a charge ratio of 10. PAMAM-R-PO indicated higher cell viability than unmodified PAMAM-R on HeLa and 293 cells because of its hydroxylated amines. Transfection experiments on 293 cells showed that the transfection efficiency of PAMAM-R-PO was found to be 1.5-1.9 times higher than that of PEI25kDa at a charge ratio of 30. The polymer eventually displayed about 2 times greater transfection efficiency than PAMAM-R at the same charge ratio in the absence of serum. Therefore, we concluded that the modification of primary amines of PAMAMR to amino alcohols gives positive effects such as reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced transfection efficiency on 293 cells for gene delivery potency of PAMAM-R.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.579-584
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• 2013

In this study, we synthesized functional dendrimer derivatives as nonviral gene delivery vectors. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM, generation 4) was modified to possess functional amino acids to enhance gene transfection efficiency. PAMAM G4 derivatives conjugated with L-arginine (Arg) and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared to the native PAMAM G4 dendrimer. The polyplex of the PAMAM G4 derivative/pDNA was evaluated using an agarose gel retardation assay and Picogreen reagent assay. Additionally, the MTT assay was performed to examine the cytotoxicity of synthesized polymers. All PAMAM G4 derivatives showed lower cytotoxicity than PEI25kD. Particularly, PAMAM G4-GABA-Arg displayed enhanced transfection efficiency compared to the native PAMAM G4 dendrimer.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2000

In order to design the oral vaccine delivery system, we prepared the alginate micro spheres containing GFP (green fluorescent protein) as a model drug by spray method. To optimize the preparation conditions of microspheres, we investigated the effects of various parameters including nozzle pressure, nozzle opening angle, and concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The prepared microspheres were evaluated by measuring their sizes, loading efficiency, and morphology. The particle size of microspheres was affected by the concentration of sodium alginate and calcium chloride, nozzle pressure, and nozzle opening angle. As the concentration of sodium alginate increased, GFP loading efficiency and particles size of microsphere also increased. However, it was observed to be difficult to spray the sodium alginate solution with concentration greater than 1.5% (w/v), due to high viscosity. The pressure over $3\;kgf/cm^2$ didn't affect the size of particles. As a result, the spraying method enabled us to prepare microspheres for oral vaccine delivery system. In this study, microspheres prepared with 1% (w/v) sodium alginate had greater loading efficiency and better spherical shape.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.2589-2593
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• 2013

Gene therapy using nonviral gene delivery carriers has focused on the development and modification of synthetic carriers such as liposomes and polymers. Most polymers that are commercially used are taking advantage of their polycationic character which allows not only strong ligand-DNA affinity but also competent cell penetration. Despite the relatively high transfection efficiencies, high cytotoxicity is continuously pointed out as one of the major shortcomings of polycationic polymers such as PEI. Studies on the utilization of peptides have therefore been carried out recently to overcome these problems. For these reasons, the human transcription factor Hph-1, which is currently known as a protein transduction domain (PTD), was investigated in this study to evaluate its potential as a gene delivery carrier. Although its transfection efficiency was about 10-fold lower than PEI, it displayed almost no cytotoxicity even at concentrations as high as $100{\mu}M$. Hph-1 was oxidatively polymerized to yield poly-Hph-1. The cell viability of poly-Hph-1 transfected U87MG and NIH-3T3 cells was almost as high as the control (untreated) groups, and the transfection efficiency was about 10-fold higher than PEI. This study serves as a preliminary evaluation of Hph-1 and encourages further investigation.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.547-552
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• 2007

Water soluble polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) was chosen to conjugate with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(succinyl) (N-succinyl DPPE) to make a new drug delivery system. PVP with an amine group (amino-PVP) was polymerized by free radical polymerization. The amine group of amino-PVP was conjugated with the carboxylic group of N-succinyl DPPE. The resultant conjugate could form nanoparticles in the aqueous solution; these nanoparticles were termed a lipid-polymer system. The critical aggregation concentration was measured with pyrene to give a value of $1{\times}10^{-3}g/L$. The particle size of the lipid-polymer system, as measured by DLS, AFM and TEM, was about 70 nm. Lipophilic component in the inner part of the lipid-polymer system could derive the physical interaction with hydrophobic drugs. Griseofulvin was used as a model drug in this study. The loading efficiency and release profile of the drug were measured by HPLC. The loading efficiency was about 54%. The release behavior was sustained for a prolonged time of 12 days. The proposed lipid-polymer system with biodegradable and biocompatible properties has promising potential as a passive-targeting drug delivery carrier because of its small particle size.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.988-994
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to prepare multivesicular liposomes with a high drug loading capacity and to investigate its potential applicability in the oral delivery of a peptide, human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). The multivesicular liposomes containing rhEGF was prepared by a two-step water-in-oil-in-water double emulsification process. The loading efficiency was increased as rhEGF concentration increased from 1 to 5mg/mL, reaching approximately $60\%$ at 5 mg/mL. Approximately $47\%$ and $35\%$ of rhEGF was released from the multivesicular liposomes within 6 h in simulated intra-gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and intra-intestinal fluid (pH 7.4), respectively. rhEGF-loaded multivesicular liposomes markedly suppressed the enzymatic degradation of the peptide in an incubation with the Caco-2 cell homogenate. However, the transport of rhEGF from the multivesicular liposomes to the basolateral side of Caco­2 cells was two times lower than that of the rhEGF in aqueous solution. The gastric ulcer healing effect of rhEGF-loaded multivesicular liposomes was significantly enhanced compared with that of rhEGF in aqueous solution; the healing effect of the liposomes was comparable to that of the cimetidine in rats. Collectively, these results indicate that rhEGF-loaded multivesicular liposomes may be used as a new strategy for the development of an oral delivery system in the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.142-148
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• 2011

Recently, much attention has been increasingly paid to the efficiency of the delivery system in order to manage construction project in a smooth and effective way. The integrated plan in consideration of the life cycle of building is required for the effective and integrated management of information in a huge amount. To this end, collaboration between each field is indispensable from the beginning of project. But there is a limitation that the designer and the constructor sign the contract separately in the conventional delivery system. In the US, the recent trend is that the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) has been introduced to improve the effectiveness of project management in an increasing number of the cases where project is implemented by utilizing the IPD. In Korea, there is also an increasing need to introduce the IPD for the integrated project management. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the laws and the contracts that are applied to domestic cases of placing order and signing contract based on the concept and principle of the IPD before the actual introduction of the IPD. Based on such examination and analysis, this study intends to figure out the constraints to the introduction of the IPD. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for IPD-related study in the future.