• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.888-898
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine and compare clinical manifestations and predicting factors for treatment-seeking delay among patients <65 and ${\geq}65\;yr$ with first-time acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: A total of 288 patients who were diagnosed with ACS were individually interviewed at C university hospital in G-city from November 2007 to December 2008. Results: Median pre-hospital delays for younger and older patients were 5 and 12 hr, respectively. Younger patients were more likely to be current smokers, heavy drinkers, obese, stressed, and have an unhealthy diet and family history, and to complain of chest pain, left shoulder and arm pain, perspiration, and nausea. Older patients were more likely to have hypertension and diabetes, and to complain syncope and dyspnea. Logistic regression analyses showed that after adjustment for age, gender and education, progressive onset of symptom and no attribution to cardiac problem significantly predicted pre-hospital delay >3 hr in both younger and older patients. Low perceived health status was a significant independent predictor in older patients only. Conclusion: Health care providers should be concerned with different manifestations between younger and older adults, and educate people at risk for heart attack about symptoms and actions to get immediate help.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2015

Global developmental delay (GDD) is a relatively common early-onset chronic neurological condition, which may have prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, or undetermined causes. Family history, physical and neurological examinations, and detailed history of environmental risk factors might suggest a specific disease. However, diagnostic laboratory tests, brain imaging, and other evidence-based evaluations are necessary in most cases to elucidate the causes. Diagnosis of GDD has recently improved because of remarkable advances in genetic technology, but this is an exhaustive and expensive evaluation that may not lead to therapeutic benefits in the majority of GDD patients. Inborn metabolic errors are one of the main targets for the treatment of GDD, although only a small proportion of GDD patients have this type of error. Nevertheless, diagnosis is often challenging because the phenotypes of many genetic or metabolic diseases often overlap, and their clinical spectra are much broader than currently known. Appropriate and cost-effective strategies including up-to-date information for the early identification of the "treatable" causes of GDD are needed for the development of well-timed therapeutic applications with the potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2012

노말노난올의 안전한 취급을 위해, 폭발한계는 문헌을 통해 고찰하였고, 인화점과 발화지연시간에 의한 발화온도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 노말노난올의 폭발하한계는 0.80 Vol.%, 상한계는 6.1 Vol.%를 추천하였고, 하부인화점은 밀폐계에서 $94{\sim}97^{\circ}C$와 개방식에서 $103{\sim}104^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. ASTM E659-78 장치를 사용하여 자연발화온도와 발화지연시간을 측정하였고, 노말노난올의 최소자연발화온도는 $270^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2020

Purpose: Stroke is a time-sensitive disease that could have reduced complications and mortality with timely diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to analyze the causes of delay in detecting the clinical signs and symptoms of stroke. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the emergency medical services reports of suspected stroke patients with positive predictive values on the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale. The study was conducted in Daejeon, Republic of Korea from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017. Results: Prolonged prehospital time was associated with high blood pressure, history of cerebrovascular disease, and incidences during daily activities, and sleep. High blood pressure and complications from a previous stroke strongly associated with the prolonged stroke-detection phase (p<.05). Total prehospital time was shortened when patients had evident stroke symptoms, such as decreased level of consciousness, dysarthria, and hemiplegia (p<.05). There was no significant difference in gender or age as a factor that delayed the total prehospital time of the suspected stroke patients. Conclusion: Many patients did not recognize the early clinical symptoms and signs of a stroke. Furthermore, risk factors, such as high blood pressure and history of stroke, prolonged the total prehospital time. Therefore, we need targeted interventions that educate about warning symptoms of stroke, along with emphasis on the importance of emergency calls to substantially reduce the prehospital delays.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2012

Due to the customer needs of reducing cost and delivery date shorting, prompt change in the production plan became more important. In the multi period system (For instance, production line.) where target processing time exists, production, idle and delay risks occur repeatedly for multiple periods. In such situations, delay of one process may influence the delivery date of an entire process. In this paper, we discuss the minimum expected cost of the case mentioned above, where the risk depends on the previous situation and occurs repeatedly for multiple periods. This paper considers the optimal switching frequency to minimize the total expected cost of the production process. In this paper, first, the optimal switching frequency model is proposed. Next, the mathematic formulation of the total expectation is presented. Finally, the policy of optimal switching frequency is investigated by numerical experiments.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.310-313
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• 2016

최근 우리는 다양한 환경 하에서 수많은 안전사고를 마주하고 있다. 현재 연안 해상에서 활동 중 위험에 마주쳤을 경우에는 인간의 시야와 경험에만 의지한 구조 활동만 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 연안 해상 사고로 인한 사망 및 실종 사고가 많이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 사고는 주로 구조의 지연 때문에 발생한다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 구조 지연에 따른 사고를 줄이기 위해서, 본 연구에서는 신속한 구조를 하기 위해 GPS, RF, LoRa 무선통신 기술 등 최신 IoT 기술을 이용해 누구나 손쉽게 사용할 수 있는 무선 송수신 단말기 제작에 대한 연구를 수행했다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2022

In this paper, we overview the system development status of the national maritime precise point positioning-real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK) service in Korea, also known as the Precise POsitioning and INTegrity monitoring (POINT) system. The development of the POINT service began in 2020, and the open service is scheduled to start in 2025. The architecture of the POINT system is composed of three provider-side facilities-a reference station, monitoring station, and central control station-and one user-side receiver platform. Here, we propose the detailed functionality of each component considering unidirectional broadcasting of augmentation data. To meet the centimeter-level user positioning accuracy in maritime coverage, new reference stations were installed. Each reference station operates with a dual receiver and dual antenna to reduce the risk of malfunctioning, which can deteriorate the availability of the POINT service. The initial experimental results of a testbed from corrections generated from the testbed network, including newly installed reference stations, are presented. The results show that the horizontal and vertical accuracies satisfy 2.63 cm and 5.77 cm, respectively. For the purpose of (near) real-time broadcasting of POINT correction data, we designed a correction message format including satellite orbit, satellite clock, satellite signal bias, ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay, and coordinate transformation parameters. The (near) real-time experimental setup utilizing (near) real-time processing of testbed network data and the designed message format are proposed for future testing and verification of the system.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.17-18
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• 2022

In Korea, asbestos removal has been actively carried out nationwide since 2015 when asbestos was completely banned as a first-class carcinogen. Since scattering dust generated in the process of removing asbestos causes fatal diseases such as asbestos lung disease and lung cancer, concerns are growing over the safety of construction workers and building users undergoing dismantling. For this reason, regulations on asbestos sites have been strengthened and prior studies on safety and risk assessment have been conducted, but research on actual site data collection and process planning is insufficient even though safety is reduced due to delay in site construction period. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the work and delay factors of the asbestos dismantling process and develop an optimized process plan model for workers. This study is an initial step to develop an optimized process plan model that considers the safety and productivity of asbestos dismantling work, and aims to help establish an optimized process plan for asbestos dismantling process using website clone simulation.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2015

1978년에 고리 1호기의 건설이 완공된 이래로 원자력 발전 플랜트의 건설 프로젝트는 국내 외로 점차 확대되고 있다. 그러나 일부 원자력 발전 플랜트의 건설 현장에서는 리스크 관리 능력의 부족으로 인하여 공기 지연과 공사비 손실의 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 특히, 원자력 발전 플랜트 내 원자로격납건물의 시공은 타 시공 단계에 비해 긴 공정기간으로 인하여 전문기술과 대규모 자원이 요구됨에 따라 많은 리스크 요인들이 산재될 수 있다. 따라서 원자로격납 건물의 시공에서 예상되는 리스크 요인들을 분석하여 전체 프로젝트의 안정적인 수행 방향을 제시하는 연구가 필요하다. 그러므로 본 연구는 원자로격납건물 시공의 리스크 요인들을 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 36명의 소수 전문가 집단을 대상으로 하는 설문조사방법을 활용하였다. 24개의 리스크 요인들은 공정, 원가, 안전, 품질을 기준으로 분류되었으며, 이에 대한 평가 결과는 계층 분석방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 각 기준별로 분류된 리스크 요인들은 중요도와 우선순위를 산정하고 원자력 발전 플랜트의 시공 리스크 요인을 분석하는데 계층분석 방법의 적용성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 원자로격납건물의 시공 단계에서 리스크 관리를 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5349-5357
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women of all ethnic and age groups in Malaysia. Delay in seeking help for breast cancer symptoms is preventable and by identifying possible factors for delayed diagnosis, patient prognosis and survival rates could be improved. Objectives: This narrative review aimed to understand and evaluate the level of in-depth breast cancer knowledge in terms of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination, and other important aspects such as side-effects and risk factors in Malaysian females. Since Malaysia is multicultural, this review assessed social perceptions, cultural beliefs and help-seeking behaviour in respect to breast cancer among different ethnic groups, since these may impinge on efforts to 'avoid' the disease. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search of seven databases was performed from December 2015 to January 2015. Screening of relevant published journals was also undertaken to identify available information related to the knowledge, perception and help-seeking behaviour of Malaysian women in relation to breast cancer. Results: A total of 42 articles were appraised and included in this review. Generally, women in Malaysia had good awareness of breast cancer and its screening tools, particularly breast self-examination, but only superficial in-depth knowledge about the disease. Women in rural areas had lower levels of knowledge than those in urban areas. It was also shown that books, magazines, brochures and television were among the most common sources of breast cancer information. Delay in presentation was attributed mainly to a negative social perception of the disease, poverty, cultural and religion practices, and a strong influence of complementary and alternative medicine, rather than a lack of knowledge. Conclusions: This review highlighted the need for an intensive and in-depth breast cancer education campaigns using media and community health programmes, even with the existing good awareness of breast cancer. This is essential in order to avoid misconceptions and to frame the correct mind-set about breast cancer among women in Malaysia. Socio-cultural differences and religious practices should be taken into account by health care professionals when advising on breast cancer. Women need to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer so that early diagnosis can take place and the chances of survival improved.