• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.33-53
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• 2021

The import content of exports (ICE) is defined as the amount of foreign input embodied in one unit of export, and it has been used as a measure of the degree of integration into the global production network. In this paper, we suggest an alternative measure based on the decomposition of gross output and imports into the contributions of final demand terms. This measure considers the manner in which a country manages its domestic production base (gross output) and utilizes the foreign sector (imports) simultaneously and can thus be regarded as a more comprehensive measure than ICE. Korea's input-output tables in 1970-2018 are used in this paper. These tables were rearranged according to the same 26-industry classification so that these measures can be computed with time-series continuity and so that the results can be interpreted clearly. The results obtained in this paper are based on extended time-series data and are expected to be reliable and robust. The suggested indicators were applied to these tables, and, based on the results we conclude that the overall importance of the global economy in Korea's economic strategy has risen and that the degree of Korea's integration into the global production network increased over the entire period. This paper also shows that ICE incorrectly measures the movement of the degree of integration into the global production network in some periods.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.175-203
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• 2021

Over the past decades, financial markets have been integrated across countries while income inequality has increased in most countries. This paper studies the effect of financial market integration on income inequality and investigates whether this effect varies with the degree of financial market development. We find empirical evidence that financial market integration and financial market development interact to change income inequality. Specifically, the effect of financial market integration on income inequality is nonlinear, and the degree of financial market development plays an important role. Opening financial markets worsens income inequality in the countries holding the underdeveloped state of financial markets, however, the effect of capital account openness on income inequality is statistically insignificant in the countries with developed financial markets.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

In a large scale robot system, one of important problems is software integration, which involves three elements: modularity, reusability and stability. By these issues, the degree of convenience of system integration, its required time and the performance of the system stability can be determined. In addition, the convenience of system management can be determined by the degree of completion of service components. This paper explains the template based service component (TBSC) for the integration of service components in networked robot. The important characteristics of TBSC are automatical execution and recovery process by a PnP supporting robot framework, which helps a system operator to manage a robot system comfortably. For easy implementation and system stability, we provide a service component creator and a verification tool to developers.

• 아동학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.215-233
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between the kindergarten teachers and teachers working at child care centers in terms of their professionalism, teaching efficacy and their perceptions regarding the integration of kindergarten and child care centers. Furthermore, this study examined whether those differences which were revealed were found between the subjects by their college major degree and place of employment. The 598 teachers who served as subjects for this study completed self-administered questionnaires. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and t-tests. The main results were as follows. The significant differences were found between the subgroups by college major degree in teaching efficacy and perceptions regarding the integration system. In addition, the subjects from child care centers had higher levels of teaching efficacy than their counterparts in other work environments, even though they had majored in the same subjects of early childhood education.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2007

컴퓨터 기술 발전에 따라 컴퓨터는 복잡하고 다양한 작업을 실행하고 있다. 또한 프로그램 복잡도 증가와 사용 언어의 한계 때문에 둘 이상의 프로그래밍 언어를 사용하여 응용 프로그램을 구현되고 있다. 그러나 현재 여러 언어를 동시에 사용하여 프로그램을 작성하거나 이를 구현하는 일반적인 방법론은 없는 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 위와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 여러 언어의 혼합 사용 형태와 구현 방식을 이종 언어 결합도(Heterogeneous Language Integration Degree)를 통해 분류하였다. 또한 이종 언어 결합도를 통해, 현재 구현된 객체지향 언어인 자바와 절차형 언어인 C 언어를 동시에 사용하는 방법인 JNI(Java Native Interface)를 이종 언어 결합도 측면에서 개선한 자바 전처리기를 설계하고 구현하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.297-313
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• 2016

A virtual parameter is introduced into the formulation of the previously published integration method to improve its stability properties. It seems that the numerical properties of this integration method are almost unaffected by this parameter except for the stability property. As a result, it can have second order accuracy, explicit formulation and controllable numerical dissipation in addition to the enhanced stability property. In fact, it can have unconditional stability for the system with the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity less than or equal to the specified value of the virtual parameter for the modes of interest for each time step.

• Architectural research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

High rise office buildings represent one of the most energy-intensive architectural typologies. The growth of urban population necessitates sustainable high rise towers that lessen environmental impacts and energy consumption. Among various sustainable strategies, the integrated design is long known to be an important process that has great impact on building's sustainability. The framework for this paper is based on the case study of integrated towers that are located in different climate zones. The paper specifically addresses to what extent climate conditions influence the design of a high rise building and what kinds of the climate integrated design has been implemented. Qualitative case studies were carried out using published data and architectural drawing set. The technical work presented in the paper is based on computer simulation that examines the insolation analysis using hourly recorded weather data. The analysis results revealed that the site and building envelope integration and the site and building service systems have shown the most frequently employed in the integrated towers through the implementation of renewable resource integration, high performance envelopes and sustainable building service systems. Internal comfort and further energy saving in the integrated towers are offered through an automatic building management system. Due to the dynamic climate conditions, integration of building systems requires a sophisticated approach to building sustainability.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2014

본 연구는 프로젝트 급진성과 공급망의 혁신성 간의 조화가 공급망 통합 정도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 살펴보는 것이 목적이다. 본 연구의 가설을 검정하기 위해 서베이 방법론이 사용되었다. 연구 결과, 공급망 통합의 정도는 프로젝트 급진성과 공급망의 혁신성간의 조화에 따라 다양하게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 특히, 공급망을 이루는 2개의 조직이 모두 변화지향적인 조직이며 동시에 통합 프로젝트가 급진적일 때 공급망의 통합 정도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 통합 프로젝트가 급진적이면 비록 공급망을 이루는 조직이 하나는 변화지향적이고 다른 하나는 현상유지 지향적이더라도 여전히 공급망의 통합 정도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 통합 프로젝트가 급진적이지 않고 점진적인 개선을 추구한다면 공급망 조직의 유형이 위와 같은 경우라도 공급망의 통합 정도는 매우 낮게 나타났다. 마지막으로 만약 공급망을 구성하는 조직이 둘 다 현상유지 지향적이라면 통합 프로젝트가 급진적이든 점진적 개선을 추구하든 상관없이 공급망 통합의 정도는 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 급진성의 정도관점에서 조직의 혁신성과 조화를 이룰 수 있는 프로젝트여야만 성공적인 공급망 통합 즉, 성공적인 조직의 변화를 가져 올 수 있다고 주장한다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1994

The expanding technique of the Stochastic Finite Element Method(SFEM) is proposed in this paper for adapting direct integration methods in stochastical dynamic analysis of structures. Grafting the direct integration methods and the SFEM together, one can deal with nonlinear structures and nonstationary process problems without any restriction. The stochastical central diffrence and stochastic Houbolt methods are introduced to show the expanding technique, and their adaptabilities are discussed. Results computed by the proposed method (the Stochastic Finite Element Method in Dynamics: SFEMD) for two degree-of-free- dom system are compared with those obtained by Monte Carlo Simulation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 2023

In the midst of dynamic industrial changes, companies need data analysis considering the effects of integration of various technologies in order to establish innovative R & D strategies. However, the existing technology forecasting model evaluates individual technologies without considering relationship among them. To improve this problem, this study suggests a new methodology reflecting the integration of technologies. In the study, a technology forecasting indicator was developed using the technology integration index based on social network analysis. In order to verify the validity of the proposed methodology, 'drone task performance technology' based on patent data was applied to the research model. This study aimed to establish a theoretical basis to design a research model that reflects the degree of integration of technologies when conducting technology forecasting research. In addition, this study is meaningful in that it quantitatively verified the proposed methodology using actual patent data.