• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.229-238
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of gradually decreasing action observation training on the upper extremity function and Activities of daily living in chronic stroke patients. For patients with chronic stroke, the groups were divided into experimental group undergoing gradually decreasing action observation training(n=4), control group receiving existing action observation training(n=3) and the study was conducted 6 times a week, 30 minutes per session for a total of 2 weeks. The results of the comparison between the groups before and after intervention and the comparison between the two groups did not show statistically significant differences in BBT, FMA, K-MBI, and MAL, but the experimental group showed a greater difference in terms of average score than the control group. As a result, it was confirmed that gradually decreasing action observation training can have a more positive effect than the existing action observation training.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.50-58
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the task-oriented training according to the application time with the change of motor and cognition function. Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (20 rats, $250{\pm}50$ g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Before MCAo induction, all rats were trained in treadmill training and Morris water maze training for 1 week. Then they were randomly divided into groups: Group I : MCAo induction ($n_1$=5), Grop II: the application for simple treadmill task training after. MCAo induction ($n_2$=5). Group III: the application for Morris water maze cognitive task training after MCAo induction ($n_3$=5). Group IV: the application for progressive treadmill task training and Morris water maze cognitive task training after MCAo induction ($n_4$=5). Modified limb placing tests (MLPTs) and motor tests (MTs) were performed to test motor function and then Morris water maze acquisition test (MWMAT) and Morris water maze retention test (MWMRT) were performed to test cognitive function. For MTs, there were significant interactions among the groups with the time (p<.001). Group IV showed the steeper increasing pattern than those in other Groups on the 7th and 14th day. For MLPTs, there were significant interactions among the groups with the time (p<.001). The scores in Group III. IV had showed the more decreasing pattern than those in Group I, II since the 7th day and 14th day. For MWMAT, there were significant interactions among the groups with the time (p<.001). Group II found the Quadrant circular platform showed the steeper decreasing pattern than that in Group I on the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th day. Group III. IV found the quadrant circular platform showed the slower decreasing pattern than that in Group I, II, For MWMRT, there were significant differences among the four groups (p<.001). The time to dwell on quadrant circular platform in Group IV on the 13th day was the longest compared with other groups. These results suggested that the combined task training was very effective to improve the motor and cognition function for the rats affected on their focal ischemic brain injury.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.255-277
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• 1998

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Yukmijiwangtang(六味地黃湯) and Palmijihwang-tang(八味地黃湯) water extracts applied at the meridian points BL 23(賢兪) and GV 4(命門) to test the renal function in normal rats. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Among the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Yukmijihwangtang water extract at the merdian point BL 23 group, there were significant changes in water balance and urine volume over a 1 week period; Both decreasing and decreasing trends were exihibited. Urinary excretion of sodium and free water clearance changed significantly over a 2 week period; Both decreasing and increasing trends were exihibited, Urinary excretion of potassium, chloride and creatinine, plasma renin activity, plasma levels of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide showed no significant differences compared to the contral group. 2. Among the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Palmljihwangtang water extract at the merdian point BL 23 group, there were significant changes in water balance and free water clearance over a 2 week period; a decreasing trend. Urinary excretion of creatinine changed significantly over a 2 week period; an increasing trend. Urinary excretion of chloride changed significantly over 1 week period; an increasing trend. The plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide changed significantly over 1 and 2 week period; an increasing trend. Urine volume, urinary excretion of sodium and pottasium, plasma renin activity and plasma level of aldosterone showed no significant differences compared to the control group. 3. Among the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Yukmijihwangtang water extract at the meridian point GV 4 group, there was significant decrease in water balance over a 2 week period; there was significant decrease in urine volwne and urinary excretion of sodium and creatinine over a 1 week period, followed by an increasing trend after 2 weeks. Urinary excretion of free water clearance demonstrated significant changes over both 1 and 2 week period; both increasing and decreasing trends were exihibited. Urinary excretion of chloride and plasma levels of aldosterone increased significantly over 1 and 2 week period. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide also decreased significantly. Plasma renin activity showed no significant differences compared to the control group. 4. Among the effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Palmijihwangtang water extract at the meridian point GV 4 group, water balance and urinary excretion of chloride, plasma levels of aldosterone decreased significantly over both 1 and 2 week period. Urine volume and urinary excretion of pottasium decreased significantly. Urinary excretion of creatinine and urinary excretion of sodium changed significantly over both 1 and 2 week period. Urinary excretion of free water clearance, plasma renin activity and plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide showed no significant differences compared to the control group. Seeing these results, I come to know that the effects Aqua-Acupuncture of Yukmijihwangtang and Palmijihwangtang water extracts at the meridian point BL 23 and GV 4 have affected the renal function differently. Seeing the results that BL 23 is a meridian point for Aqua-Acupuncture directly related to the kidney, I think, we can use Aqua-Acupuncture of Yuk-mijihwangtang and Palmijihwangtang water extracts to prevent and to treat the diseases related to kidney.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.733-738
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• 2005

Theoretically one might suggest the abdominoplasty can cause respiratory decompensation resulting from musculofascial plication, which reduces the respiratory reserve by decreasing intra-abdominal volume and diaphragmatic excursion. This prospective study was perfomed to evaluate the effect of abdominoplasty and the change of intraoperative Paw on the pulmonary function of 20 consecutive otherwise healthy subjects. The pulmonary function test was performed preoperatively, and repeated 2 months after the operation. Additionally, we monitored intraoperative Paw. Comparison of the pulmonary function test showed a significant decrease(p<0.001) in the mean forced vital capacity(FVC) and the mean forced expiratory volume in one second($FEV_1$) throughout the study period. Postoperatively, the mean FVC decreased by 11.65% and the mean $FEV_1$ decreased by 16.15%. The mean Paw increased by $6.6cmH_2O$($3-12cmH_2O$) by musculofascial plication. And we found that the decrease in FVC and $FEV_1$ was significantly correlated with intraoperative changing of Paw in abdominoplasty(p<0.001). FVC and $FEV_1$ could be decreased by abdominoplasty due to decreasing intra-abdominal volume and diaphragmatic excursion, but there was no respiratory symptom clinically in all patients 2 months after the operation. In conclusion, We found that the decrease in FVC and FEV1 after 2 months of abdominoplasty was significantly correlated with intraoperative Paw change during operation. The intraoperative Paw was increased to $12cmH_2O$ without any respiratory symptom in this study. We suggested that the increase in intraoperative Paw less than about $10cmH_2O$ can not affect on respiratory function clinically.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2007

Objectives : This prospective population-based cohort study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors of cognitive impairment and the degree of cognitive function change through a 5-year follow-up. Methods : The baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted in 1998 and 2003, respectively, Among 176 subjects who had normal cognitive function in the baseline study, 136 were followed up for 5 years. The cognitive function was investigated using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Stata. Results : Of the 136 subjects analyzed, 25 (18.4%) were cognitively impaired. Old age and low social support in the baseline survey were risk factors for cognitive impairment after 5 years. In the generalized estimating equation for 128 subjects except severe cognitive impairment about the contributing factors of cognitive function change, the interval of 5 years decreased MMSE-K score by 1.02 and the cognitive function was adversely affected with increasing age, decreasing education and decreasing social support. Conclusions : Although the study population was small, it was considered that the study results can be used to develop a community-based prevention system for cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.152-161
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• 1994

In this paper we develop a test for alternatives representing decreasing mean residual life. The test statistic for decreasing mean residual life, $K_{1n}$, is a modified version of Hollander and Proschan's test $V^*$ and critical constants and large sample approximation are shown to make the test readily applicable. Consistency is also shown for the tests based on $K_{1n}$. And small sample powers for four alernatives are obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 1997

We determine the dispersion profile of a dispersion decreasing fiber(DDF) for optimum pulse compression from a trade-off between high pulse compression and low pedestal power/short DDF length. We find that the optimum vlaue of the exponential dispersion decreasing factor .alpha. is 0.95 and that the corresponding optimum fiber length is 1.5 times of the initial soliton period. Passing through the dDF, ~10 times of pulse comparession ratio can be achieved without significant increase in pedestal power. To compress relatively broad pulses using a given DDF optimized at a specific pulse width, we also detemrine the optimum input pulse amplitude, as a function of input pulse width.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.24 no.1_2
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• pp.283-293
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• 2007

This paper considers single machine scheduling problems with group technology (GT) and deteriorating jobs. A sequence independent setup is required to process a job from a different group and jobs in each group are processed together. We consider the case of jobs whose processing times are a decreasing function of their starting time. The objectives of scheduling problems are to minimize the makespan and the total completion time, respectively. We also provide polynomial time algorithms to solve these problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.130-138
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• 1996

In general, the scattler is observed in fatigue test data due to the nonhomogeneity of a material. Consequently. It is necessary to use the statistical method to describe the fatigue crack growth process precisely. Bogdanoff and Kozin suggested and developed the B-model which is the probabilistic models of cumulative damage using the Markov process in order to describe the damage process. But the B-model uses only constant probability ratior(r), so it is not consistent with the actual damage process. In this study, the r-decreasing model using a monotonic decreasing function is introduced to improve the B-model. To verify the model, thest data of fatigue crack growth of A12024-T351 and A17075-T651 are used. Compared with the empirical distribution of test data, the distribution from the r-decreasing model is satisfactory and damage process is well described from the probabilistic and physical viewpoint.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

Infinite failure NHPP models presented in the literature exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing failure occurrence rate per fault (hazard function). This infinite non-homogeneous Poisson process is model which reflects the possibility of introducing new faults when correcting or modifying the software. In this paper, polynomial hazard function have been proposed, which can efficiency application for software reliability. Algorithm for estimating the parameters used to maximum likelihood estimator and bisection method. Model selection based on mean square error and the coefficient of determination for the sake of efficient model were employed. In numerical example, log power time model of the existing model in this area and the polynomial hazard function model were compared using failure interval time. Because polynomial hazard function model is more efficient in terms of reliability, polynomial hazard function model as an alternative to the existing model also were able to confirm that can use in this area.