• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.315-326
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• 2013

Despite of the importance on the maintenance of a reservoir storage, relatively few studies have addressed the stochastic reliability analysis including uncertainty on the decrease of the reservoir storage by the sedimentation. Therefore, the stochastic gamma process under the reliability framework is developed and applied to estimate the reduction of the Soyang Dam reservoir storage in this paper. Especially, in the estimation of parameters of the stochastic gamma process, the Bayesian MCMC scheme using informative prior distribution is used to incorporate a wide variety of information related with the sedimentation. The results show that the selected informative prior distribution is reasonable because the uncertainty of the posterior distribution is reduced considerably compared to that of the prior distribution. Also, the range of the expected life time of the dead storage in Soyang Dam reservoir including uncertainty is estimated from 119.3 years to 183.5 years at 5% significance level. Finally, it is suggested that the improvement of the assessment strategy in this study can provide the valuable information to the decision makers who are in charge of the maintenance of a reservoir.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.65-73
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• 2016

Purpose - Recently, the management conditions of small independent retailers are getting worse everyday as large-scale marts and franchised convenience stores are increasing. The objective of this research is to find out the antecedents and consequences of cooperation in voluntary chain in order to enhance small independent retailer's competitiveness. Voluntary chains, also called affiliation or symbol groups, or allied group represent a high market shared in some European countries like Italy, France, and Germany. Nevertheless, there are still limitations in this research from academic fields. Drawing from network theory, the author investigates the relationship between antecedent factors in voluntary chain cooperation, such as participation benefits, justice of compensation, and autonomy in voluntary chain, and relationship specific asset. The author also attempts to examine the relationship between the relationship specific asset and cooperation of voluntary chain member shop and cooperation and consequence factors of voluntary chain cooperation, such as efficiency, group cohesiveness, and long-term relationship. Research design, data, and methodology - The author presented conceptual framework integrating the major antecedents and consequences of voluntary chain cooperation. The data were collected from 174 independent small retailers who joined K-voluntary chain. K-voluntary chain consists of small independent retailers. In accordance with their status, each entrepreneur associated with the voluntary group can own one or more outlets and can be a part of the life and the decision-making process of the group. This participation is not based on company turnover or on the number of outlets, but based on a one member, one vote system. To verify the research model and test hypotheses, the author carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed model. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS structural equation modeling program. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, as antecedent variables, participation benefits and justice of compensation have positive effect on the relationship specific assets of voluntary chain members. Second, voluntary chain members' relationship specific asset also directly related to the level of its cooperation to chain headquarter. Third, cooperation of voluntary chain member shop facilitates efficiency, group cohesiveness, and long-term relationship. Unexpectedly, there are no effect autonomy in voluntary chain to relationship specific asset. Conclusions - This research shows several theoretical and practical implications to both marketing scholars and marketers. In terms of theoretical implications, this study applies to network theory and network theory variables to explain the antecedent and consequence factors of cooperation in voluntary chain. From the point of view from business management, most of all, this study shows the way how to reinforce competitiveness of voluntary chain. Specifically, it is necessary for voluntary chain headquarter to give higher level of participation benefit and justice of compensation to its members. Second, the results also indicate what the consequence factors of cooperation in voluntary chain. In other words, to increase the level of marketing efficiency, group cohesiveness, long-term orientation in retail voluntary chain, and chain headquarter need to facilitate participants' cooperation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.651-659
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• 2014

With the popularization of big data environment, big data have been highlighted as a key information strategy to establish national spatial data infrastructure for a scientific land policy and the extension of the creative economy. Especially interesting from our point of view is the cadastral information is a core national information source that forms the basis of spatial information that leads to people's daily life including the production and consumption of information related to real estate. The purpose of our paper is to suggest the scheme of big data analytics with respect to the articles of cadastral resurvey project in order to approach cadastral information in terms of spatial data integration. As specific research method, the TM (Text Mining) package from R was used to read various formats of news reports as texts, and nouns were extracted by using the KoNLP package. That is, we searched the main keywords regarding cadastral resurvey, performing extraction of compound noun and data mining analysis. And visualization of the results was presented. In addition, new reports related to cadastral resurvey between 2012 and 2014 were searched in newspapers, and nouns were extracted from the searched data for the data mining analysis of cadastral information. Furthermore, the approval rating, reliability, and improvement of rules were presented through correlation analyses among the extracted compound nouns. As a result of the correlation analysis among the most frequently used ones of the extracted nouns, five groups of data consisting of 133 keywords were generated. The most frequently appeared words were "cadastral resurvey," "civil complaint," "dispute," "cadastral survey," "lawsuit," "settlement," "mediation," "discrepant land," and "parcel." In Conclusions, the cadastral resurvey performed in some local governments has been proceeding smoothly as positive results. On the other hands, disputes from owner of land have been provoking a stream of complaints from parcel surveying for the cadastral resurvey. Through such keyword analysis, various public opinion and the types of civil complaints related to the cadastral resurvey project can be identified to prevent them through pre-emptive responses for direct call centre on the cadastral surveying, Electronic civil service and customer counseling, and high quality services about cadastral information can be provided. This study, therefore, provides a stepping stones for developing an account of big data analytics which is able to comprehensively examine and visualize a variety of news report and opinions in cadastral resurvey project promotion. Henceforth, this will contribute to establish the foundation for a framework of the information utilization, enabling scientific decision making with speediness and correctness.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2012

Since its establishment in 1948, World Health Organization (WHO) has tried and facilitated international cooperation of public health under the goal of "the highest attainable health," and gained outcomes like the eradication of smallpox and polio, turning itself into the representative of international public health. However, there was discord between member nations during the cold war era, and the status of WHO experienced rise and fall after its establishment. WHO, the representative international health organization, also has not been freed from influences from international regime changes, which means that the discussion on the internal causes of WHO functionings should be expanded more. In this study, functionalism was tested as one of international relations theory that tries to explain the establishment and role of WHO. Especially, this study analyzed the problems and problem-solving process that WHO had to face by using Imber's five steps theory that arranged chronologically the theory of Mitrany. We mainly investigated the secondary source that described historic facts on the rise and fall of WHO in terms of roles and functionings during establishment of WHO, the cold war era, and international cooperation of public health. The roles of WHO were analyzed by selecting the gains of WHO in the post cold war era. The functionalism arrangement of Imber was appropriate to some extent in explaining the establishment and role of WHO. The first step was International Sanitary Conference in 1851 that made nations to recognize international cooperation of public health, and the second step was the establishment of WHO that handles public health as an international organization. Recent cases of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and International Health Regulations showed that each nation agreed with an international norm that they had to cooperate each other to tackle infectious diseases and smoking, and this implies that these were emergence of global governance. This process was the third step of Imber's theory (nations had a gain from international cooperation would agree with the expansion of authority of international organization). However, the last two steps of the theory are still not realized. The partial success of WHO was based on the functional elements that WHO deals with non-political elements, human resources centering on professionals, and democratic decision making process. This essential and non-political characteristics mean that necessity of international cooperation catalyzed by WHO would continue despite of the global governance era when global health governance get faced more challenges.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2013

Given both structural safety and economic benefits of aging facilities, remodelling of the existing facilities is preferable to reconstruction. This recognition provides an opportunity to reduce the commitment of resources and national budget. However, when a subordinate troop asks for remodeling or reconstruction of a deteriorated facility, it is difficult to ensure the consistency and objectivity in the process of decision making for the alternatives due to the absence of systematic and quantitative rating methodology. Their economic evaluation methodology only exists in a manual format. Thus, further research is required for converting the methodology into an automated system in view of practicality such as rapid and accurate data processing. The contributions of this study are as follows: 1) Literature review found out a representative economic evaluation model focused on military facilities, and comparative analysis with a similar study identified the strength and weakness. 2) this study presented how to convert the theoretical framework which enables to solve a specific subject matter into an automated system. 3) it developed a user friendly interfaces which consist of four functional modules by considering the usability and accessibility of the system user. 4) the developed system was verified by a case study in terms of four kinds of performance indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.291-303
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• 2020

This study aimed to explore the patterns of college students' dialogic argumentation in the context of nanotechnology issues, and to compare these patterns based on their idiocentrism and allocentrism. Nanotechnology represents the characteristics of socioscientific issues in that it is widely used in various fields, but at the same time, it includes the likelihood of negative effects. 33 college students who enrolled in science-related course participated in this study. Participants were divided into idiocentric groups and allocentric groups based on the INDCOL scores, and they participated in group discussions on nanotechnology. All discussions were audiotaped and analyzed using the framework of discourse clusters and schemes. Results showed that participating students engaged in dialogic argumentation with the process of exchanging of individual perspectives, exploration of different perspectives, and coordination and negotiation; specifically, they spent most of their time in exploring different values and perspectives regarding nanotechnology. Results also indicated the differences in discourse clusters and discourse schemes between idiocentric and allocentric groups. Allocentric groups more often negotiated to settle on a group decision than idiocentric groups did, and discourse schemes in their negotiation process were slightly different from the ones in idiocentric groups.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.131-150
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to explore the family as an interaction system, concentrating on the mutual influences between communication and family development; (1) how Communication patterns affect family relationships, and (2) how relationships among family members affect communication. In order to do this Galvin, Brommel used the following frame work; family is a system in which communication regulates cohesion and adaptability by a flow of message patterns through a defined network of evolving interdependent relationships. A family system consists of members, the relationships among them, the family attributes, the members attributes and an environment in which family functions. Within the framework of common cultural communication patterns, each family has the capacity to develop its own communication code based on the experiences of individual members and the collective family experience. Most of us develop our communication skills within the family context learning both the general cultural language and the specific familial communication code. Communication may be viewed as a symbolic, transactional process as the process of creating and sharing meanings. To say that communication is a process implies a continuous interaction of an indefinite large numbers of variables with a concomitant,. continuous change in the values taken by these variables. Finally the process implies change, Family functions include the primary functions of cohesion and adaptability, and supporting functions of family images, themes, boundaries, and biosocial issues. The primary functions reveal concepts integrated family interaction and supporting function, along with those of cohesion and adaptability, give shape to family life. the characteristics of developed relationships of richness, uniqueness efficiency, substitutability, pacing , openness spontaneity, and evaluation are reflected in the verbal and nonverbal behaviors with which family members negotiated a set of common meanings and develop thier own unique message system. The message system is the major element of communication process and influences both the form and the content of thier relationship and in create and share meanings. Family systems need to provide order and predictability for thier members, specifically focusing on communication rules and the networks by which messages are transmitted. Most rules emerge as a result of multiful interactions. There are basic rules and rules about rules, or metarules. Perceiving the rules of family system is very difficult because often family members don't think about the basic rules, much less the metarules. Breaking the rule may result in the creation of a new set because the system may recalibrate itself to accept more variety of behavior. Families develop communication networks to deal with the general issue. Family adaptability may be seen through the degree of flexibility in forming and reforming networks and networks become a vital part of the decision- making process and relate to the power dynamics operating within the family. Networks also play an integral part in maintaining the roles and rules operating with the family system. Thus networks and rules have mutual influence. The family -of -origin issues influence all aspects of family communication and account for many of the communication patterns, rules and networks and the role of the family -of-origin influences as a primary force for communication on behavior of newly forming systems. Each family system develops its own communication meanings. There is not one right way to communicate within a family but may be indefinitly large change of family life and communication behavior. Study on functional family communication helps to gain a better understanding of dynamics of family communication and ability of a new insight into the family.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2001

The purposes of this research are to examine the theoretical background and industrial policy issues with regard to building a Innovation System for encouraging industrial competitiveness and fostering regional industry in Korea. Knowledge has become the driving force of economic growth and the primary source of competitiveness in the world market. So since 1990s, Innovation Systems have been put emphasis on as new industrial development strategy in a knowledge-based economy. It can be understood that Innovation System is composed of National Innovation System(NIS) and Regional Innovation System(RIS) and interrelated the concept of clusters and networks, which are contribute to industry development throughout boosting innovation. As for the Korean industrial policy, when the former centralized policy decision making process became decentralized through the implementation of local autonomy, the role of local or state government in relation to regional industrial promotion intensified. But with the impotance of for fostering strategic industry in the region. new industrial policy issues in Korea are needed as follows; $\circled1$ Building a market-oriented support system for industrial cluster through providing the resource of innovation. $\circled2$ Establishing agency for regional industrial development. $\circled3$ Making a evolutionary vision for broader region including 2 or 3 province, $\circled4$ Fostering strategic industry which is selected in term of specialization and potential of the region. The RIS model for industry development is outlined in this paper but policy initiatives for building a RIS have to be extracted from further case studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.191-201
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• 1999

데이터 웨어하우스와 데이터 품질에 관한 문헌연구를 통하여 데이터 웨어하우스 환경에서 데이터 품질의 향상을 위한 개념적 프레임워크를 개발하고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 데이터 웨어하우스 데이터 품질향상 활동을 지원하는 프레임워크를 개발하는 목적은 (1) 다양한 요구를 가진 사용자들이 웨어하우스 데이터에 접근하기 때문에, 사용자의 요구를 만족시키며 기업의 목적에 적합한 품질향상 활동을 지원하기 위해서이며, 다양한 기업활동을 가장 잘 지원할 수 있는 데이터 품질향상 지침을 관리자에게 제공하기 위해서 이다. (2) 웨어하우스 관리자의 데이터 품질향상 활동을 지원하기 위해서는 품질차원이나 데이터세트 등과같은 품질향상에 필요한 다양한 이슈를 관리자가 인식할 수 있도록 하기 위해서이다. (3) 데이터 웨어하우스 환경에서 데이터 품질 향상에 필요한 체계적이고 포괄적인 안목을 제공하기 위해서이다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 단계로 수행하게 된다. 첫째, 데이터 웨어하우스의 개념과 데이터 웨어하우스의 구축단계 및 데이터 웨어하우스를 구성하는 프레임워크를 검토한다. 둘째, 데이터 웨어하우스 환경에서의 데이터 품질의 기준과 데이터 품질의 측정 및 데이터 품질의 향상 방안 등을 고찰한다. 셋째, 데이터 웨어하우스 환경에서 데이터 품질의 향상을 위한 개념적 프레임워크를 개발하기 위하여 데이터 웨어하우스 데이터 풀질 향상과 관련된 기업활동, 데이터 세트, 품질의 속성 및 차원 등을 정의한다. 마지막으로 데이터 웨어하우스 환경하에서 데이터 품질을 향상할 수 있는 3차원 구조의 개념적 프레임워크를 제안하며, 나아가 제안한 모형에 대하여 데이터 품질 향상을 위한 프로젝트 활동의 사례를 통하여 모형의 타당성을 개념적으로 설명한다.통하여 각각의 제품을 비교하였으며, 둘째 소프트웨어 종류별 평가로 제품을 응용소프트웨어, 응용개발도구, 시스템 소프트웨어로 분류하여 평균값으로 비교하였다. 셋째, 국내외 제품별 평가분석으로 전체 제품을 국내제품과 국외제품으로 분류하여 비교하였으며, 마지막으로 총괄분석을 통해 가중치를 적용하여 전 제품의 점수를 비교하였다. 여기에서는 각 제품의 평균점수에 대한 차이를 95%의 유의수준으로 T-Test를 실시하였다.uted to the society, and what the socioeconomic impacts are resulted from the program. It would be useful for the means of (ⅰ) fulfillment of public accountability to legitimate the program and to reveal the expenditure of pubic fund, and (ⅱ) managemental and strategical learning to give information necessary to improve the making. program and policy decision making, The objectives of the study are to develop the methodology of modeling the socioeconomic evaluation, and build up the practical socioeconomic evaluation model of the HAN projects including scientific and technological effects. Since the HAN projects cons

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-90
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• 1985

^x This study is composed of four Process. Process 1 suggests the background, purpose and necessity to provide with criteria for establishing Korean-style house preservation area including the present situation of the established area in our country. Also it is provided with the approach and the substantial realm to discuss the established criteria for the subject of this thesis. Process 2 dealt with theoretical parts as a premise to suggest the established criteria for the Korean- style house preservation area : 1) Original background of the Korean- style house, characteristic of the Korean traditional housing, changed situation of the Korean- style house based on the epoch, classified into the characteristic of the Korean- style house. 2) The characteristic of the Korean- style house and its values existed in the present urban areas are investigated by synthesizing such contents. 3) The significance for establishing the preservation area of the Korean- style houses in urban areas which is insufficient systematically in suggested as follows : First, establishment of the preservation area of the Korean- style houses with regard to the traditional succession of cultural properties. Second, acknowledging preservation problems of cultural properties in our country due to the world- wide tendency, preservation of historical environment of new comprehensive concept for the preservation of cultural properties. Process 3, as a case study on the establishment of the preservation area, describes a framework for investigating and analyzing the status by reviewing the present situation of the Korean- style preservation area in Seoul city which is established as the preservation area. Process 4 suggests seven criteria with regard to the establishment of the preservation area. 1) A decisive criterion for the Korean- style house to divide into Korean- style house and non- Korean style house (proper building and nonproper building) for the preservation. 2) A concrete decisive criterion for the Korean- style house with regard to valuable endowment with dominent factors in its landscape. 3) A decisive criterion for the review of the landscape preservation for the nonproper building. 4) Suggesting logical evidences for the above second and third criterion (suggesting appropriateness). 5) Dividing into following two criteria for the decision of the building condition. a) A decisive criterion of the Korean- style house's condition. b) A decisive criterion of non- Korean style house's condition. 6) A selective criterion for the preservation building after synthesizing above five criteria. 7) Final criterion for establishing the preservation area with regard to systematic particulars.