• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2012

Our Team Approach consists of following five stages; (1) Peri-natal care until lip repair After ultrasound diagnosis, some obstetricians recommend the mother with CL/P fetus to undergo prenatal counseling in our CLP clinic. On the day the CL/P baby was born, our oral surgeon, nurse, and pedodontist visit the maternity clinic, and take counseling and take impression for a feeding plate. The cheiloplasty is performed in three months old. (2) From lip repair to palatal repair At one year of age, Otorhinolaryngologist checks middle-ear disease. Palatoplasty is carried out at 1.5 - 2 years old. (3) In deciduous and early mixed dentitions Speech is the most important issue in social life for the CL/P subjects, therefore the training of velopharyngeal function is essential. Orthodontist monitors dentofacial development from 5 years of age. In the case of severe maxillary under-growth or severe collapse, maxillary protractor or lateral expansion is indicative, respectively. In early mixed dentition, upper central incisor on the cleft area erupts with some torsion, and then the traumatic occlusion with tooth torsion must be corrected. (4) In mixed dentition Right before the eruption of upper canines, secondary bone grafting is performed. One year prior to the operation, maxillary fan-type expansion is carried out to correct the collapse of maxillary segments. Following the surgical operation, the erupted canine will be moved into the transplanted bone to avoid alveolar resorption. (5) In permanent dentition Final tooth alignment is carried out after eruption of second molars. Some cases may require orthognathic surgery after physical maturation. Prosthetic oral rehabilitation including the dental-implant is carried out after age eighteen.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.630-635
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• 1999

Transposition has been described as an interchange of position of permanent tooth and is a relatively rare dental anomaly. Transposition of teeth may occur both in the maxillary and mandibular arches. but it appears more often in the maxilla of individual teeth, the maxillary canine is the most often involved. A canine transposes most often with a first premolar and less frequently transposes with a lateral incisor. Incomplete transposition is a condition describing an interchange in the position of the crowns of two permanent teeth, while the root apices remain in their relative position. Complete transposition is a situation in which both the crowns and entire root structure are transposed. The etiologic factors of transposition are tooth buds interchange, retained deciduous canines, migration of the erupting canine, trauma to deciduous teeth etc. This report describes a case of a transposition between a maxillary left canine and a lateral incisor and impaction of a maxillary left central incisor due to trauma to deciduous dentition.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2003

Mandibular permanent lateral incisors showing bilateral transposition and ectopic eruption were seen beside deciduous first molars in a female aged 8yr 8month. Repositioning of the ectopic lateral incisor is difficult not only because of its distal displacement and severe rotation but also because of the potential development of transposition with the erupting canine. This paper is focused on the diagnosis of the ectopic eruption and advocates treatment with active orthodontic management at the early stage of mixed dentition, before the eruption of the permanent cuspid.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.281-287
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• 2009

An eruption failure can be observed for child and adolescent periods when the primary dentition is changed to the permanent dentition through the mixed dentition frequently. The eruption failure can lead to miss erupting times of the tooth, then it will cause a lot of problems including root resorption, esthetic problem, transposition of adjacent tooth, malocclusoin and etc. Especially, the maxillary first molar is importantly concerned with occlusion and growth and is an essential tooth for development and maintenance of occlusion. So, it is a momentous part of more proper occlusal management to find these abnormal cases at the early stage and solve the problems. The sorts of eruption failures of the maxillary first molars can be divided into delayed eruption, impaction and the primary retention and the secondary retention. When physical obstacles cause impaction, first of all they must be removed then we can treat the impaction with observation after removal, surgical exposure or orthodontic traction. If the source of impaction is an ectopic eruption, the treatment can be a brasswire, a pendulum appliance, a space maintainer or space regainer after the extraction of the second deciduous tooth and etc. These cases are made a diagnosis of eruption failures of the maxillary first molars in mixed dentition period and have good prognosises after my treatments. So I reported them.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.382-388
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• 2002

In the present study, crown diameters and their sexual differences in deciduous teeth were investigated in children of Chon-ju city, Korea. Plaster casts of the deciduous dentitions obtained from 50 boys and 50 girls were examined. Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters were measured using a digital caliper(0.01mm) according to the definitions of Seipel and Moorees et al. These measurements were performed three times, and intra-observer measurement errors were calculated by the single determination method. The crown index, module and area were calculated in order to provide a comparison of crown proportions. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The mean values of intra-observer measurement errors were 0.255mm and are unlikely to have influenced the statistical analysis. 2. The mean values of mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters examined were larger in boys than girls. 3. The mean coefficient of variation was 5.6 in the deciduous dentition. There were a trend for the primary second molar to be the least variable in size of all teeth both in boys and girls. 4. Fluctuating asymmetry is the difference between left and right antimeres in individuals. Primary second molars were less asymmetrical than primary first molars in both dimensions. 5. In maxillary teeth, Crown index is larger in boys than in girls. In contrast, in mandibular teeth, except primary canine, it is larger in girls than in boys. Crown module is larger in boys than in girls and increased progressively from primary first incisor to primary second molar. Crown area is consistently larger in boys than in girls. The minimum crown area is mandibular primary incisor and maximum crown area is maxillary primary second molar.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.438-443
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• 2000

Ectopic eruption should be understood as a change in the course of the normal eruption path of a dental bud at any moment its origin. An example of this alteration is the dental transposition, a rare and more specific dental anomaly that may be defined as a change of position between two teeth. This case shows ectopic eruption of transposed mandibular lateral incisor beneath primary first molar at the first transitional period of the mixed dentition The crown of the lateral incisor has tipped distally, compelling root resorption and exfoliation of the adjacent primary cuspid and primary first molar. The reason for such eruption is not clearly understood, but it may involve; (1)trauma history, (2)prolonged retention of the deciduous teeth, (3)premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth, and (4)genetic factor. Treatment is divided into interceptive and definitive treatment. Ectopically erupting mandibular incisor tends to become transposed with the adjacent cuspid and thus seems to warrant early orthodontic intervention. Early treatment may obviate later extraction or transposition of the incisor and canine in the permanent dentition. Timing is an important factor to be considered regarding in the correction of the lateral incisor transposition. This case advocates treatment with an active orthodontic therapy at the early stage of the mixed dentiton, before the eruption of the permanent cuspid.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental caries prevalence and occlusion pattern of children with deciduous dentition in Chonnam seashore area. Two thousand two hundred seventy two kindergarten children ranged 3 to 5 years of age were examined. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The rate of children with caries experience(dmf rate) in deciduous teeth was 66.8% at 3 years of age, 77.7% at 4 years of age, and 83.5% at 5 years of age and showed no significant gender differences(p>0.05). 2. The mean number of decayed, missing, filled deciduous teeth(dmft index) was 3.62 at 3 years of age, 4.73 at 4 years of age, and 5.96 at 5 years of age and showed no significant gender differences(p>0.05). 3. Most of the caries-prevailed tooth was mandibular 2nd primary molar and showed 39.48% at 3 years of age, 49.73% at 4 years of age, and 63.85% at 5 years of age. 4. The caries-experienced teeth in order were as follows : mandibular 2nd primary molar with 52.34%, mandibular 1st primary molar with 45.61%, maxillary 2nd primary molar with 38.81%, and maxillary primary central incisor with 38.86%, respectively. 5. In sagittal primary molar relationship, Class 1 occlusion pattern was 53.26%, Class 2 pattern was 1.41% and Class 3 pattern was 30.02%, respectively. Right Class 2 and Left Class 3 pattern was not observed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.601-606
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• 2009

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a genetic disorder which retards the development of enamel and it can be classified into three types: hypoplastic, hypomaturation, hypocalcified type. This can occur both in deciduous and permanent dentition. A 8 year 8 month old patient with a chief complaints of delayed eruption on upper anteriors, calculus deposit on lower anteriors and anterior openbite visited the clinic. Anteriors had thin layer of enamel and were very narrow. Especially lower anteriors had rough surface and were in bad shape. Teeth were very hypersensitive to thermal changes. Upper and lower first molars showed severe attrition on the occlusal surface. Radiographs also verified hypoplastic enamel in the whole dentition including the teeth in the tooth bud. The patient was diagnosed as hypoplastic AI, and is being treated at the pediathc and prosthodontic department of the Kyunghee dental university hospital. To improve the function, esthetics, hypersensitivity of the AI patients, restorations on the posteriors and the anteriors with oral hygiene instruction are necessary, Constant follow-up check is needed until full growth and after full growth, cooperative care with the other department is needed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.429-449
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• 1996

An objective definition of the anomaly is not avaliable and most investigators define the term differently or fail to describe their criterion. Because dental anomaly may lead to many complications, early detection and diagnosis of dental anomalies are essential steps in the evaluation of the child patient and in treatment planning. These procedures require detailed medical and dental histories, through clinical examination and the use of radiographs. So, this study was designed to find out the prevalence of dental anomalies. The clinical and roentgenographic examination was undertaken for 8,054 children at age from 0 to 15 years and statistical analysis was done. The results were as follows : 1. Among the examined subjects, 2,134 subjects(26.5%) showed dental anomalies. The prevalence of individual dental anomalies were as follows : supernumerary teeth 15.6%, congenitally missing teeth 6.6%, fusion 2.2%, odontoma 0.35%, microdontia 1.2%, macrodontia 0.05%, gemination 0.22%, talon cusp 0.36%, dens evaginatus 0.24%, dens invaginatus 0.15%, dilaceration 0.27%, taurodontism 0.09%, abnormal tooth position 1.7%, natal & neonatal teeth 0.92%, amelogenesis imperfecta 0.01%. 2. Significant correlations between the groups with individual dental anomalies were as follows : between group I and other groups, there was negative correlation, especially group I and group II. And the correlation coefficient between male and female showed differences. 3. For the supernumerary teeth group, the prevalence of male was higher than female(p<0.001). While for the congenitally missing teeth, macrodontia, microdontia, abnormal tooth position group, the prevalence of female was greater than male(p<0.001). 4. For the congenitally missing teeth group, the mandibular primary lateral incisor showed the highest incidence in primary dentiton, while mandibular lateral incisor in permanent dentition. In the mandible(72.5%), this site showed higher prevalence than in maxilla. In the case with deciduous congenitally missing teeth, the prevalence of successive permanent congenitally missing teeth was about 33.9%, the incidence was highest in mandibular lateral incisors. 5. Most supernumerary teeth existed on middle area and showed inverted position and unerupted state. In addition, supernumerary teeth showed higher incidence on maxilla (99.3%). 6. In the case with deciduous fused teeth, the prevalence of successive permanent congenitally missing teeth was 39.9%, while that of successive permanent fused teeth was 2.7%. And the highest rate of the prevalence (40.3%) appeared in fusion of mandibular deciduous lateral incisor and canine. 7. In the case of odontoma, the prevalence was higher in maxilla(78.6%) and anterior region(82.7%) than mandible and posterior region.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.701-704
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• 2004

In this case, we would like to discuss about the single rooted deciduous mandibular first molar. The deciduous mandibular molar of a five years old boy was shown to have a single root, bilaterally. Ordinarily, the maxilary molars have three roots and the mandibular molars have two roots. However, when the hertwig's epithelial root sheath do not invaginate properly during tooth development, root fusion can occur from the absence of root separation. Molars with fused roots not only have unfavorable crown to root ratio, but also according to many reports, have higher probability of having multiple congenitally missing teeth or dens invaginatus in the maxillary incisors, consequently requiring preventive dental treatment In addition, disorders such as ectodermal dysplasia, syndactyly, clinodactyly, bluish sclera can also be related to this condition. Root fusion is known to be of autosomal recessive inheritance. Up to date, single rooted molars have been reported several times in permanent dentitions but hardly in deciduous dentition, which is the motive for this paper.