• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.349-357
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• 2014

Korea is going to the structure of low fertility and aging population, which is so difficult to find a precedent in the world. Furthermore, since population structure is changing to the upside down pyramid type, it acts as a factor that makes the production population matters worse. In this situation, senior's job programme has fixed those problems to a certain extent, but more effective support system should be provided in the respect of economic and social integration. Also efforts should be made for a view to a wide range of job creation and dissemination. Decent jobs can be created in the area of culture, welfare, health care, tourism, by utilizing skills and experience that senior had before they retired. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis for an efficient measure of senior's job programme.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.757-768
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• 2009

With the women's education level higher and gender equality more promoted, women's opportunity of taking part in business is increasing. Entering the emotional age which counts self-image as being important, there is a view that woman's appearance has a direct relation to their social life. The research is to examine the hypothesis and important factors for women workers at banks for their successful career, that is, to verify the effects of women's appearances on their social life, furthermore, to help female applicants for a bank and the bank clerks have a desirable social life. The subjects were 200 male and 100 female bank clerks and the research was analyzed on the basis of a total of 300 questionnaires. The results are as follows: first, 52 percent of male subjects responded that the factors of "sociability" and "character and good manners" are the most important in social life, while 47 percent of female subjects answered the factor of "ability" is so. Second, 61.5 percent of male and 84 percent of female respondents answered that woman's appearance has a potent influence on their social life. Third, 76 percent of male and 90.9 percent of female respondents answered that when the companies employ woman workers, they take woman's appearance into consideration. It shows even at job interviews that good-looking applicants are in a better position, for bankers must consult with many customers and so their neat and tidy appearance such as their natural make-up and decent hair style (short-hair style) is one of significant factors to perform their jobs. Therefore, appearance managements are primary for women bankers to work at their workplace.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.967-974
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• 2022

It is no news that Nigeria's infrastructure challenge is enormous. In the global ranking, Nigeria ranked low in quantity and quality of its infrastructural provision which has a great impact on the ease of business transaction. Low investments in transportation have brought about the current infrastructural deficit. Recently, the Nigerian government has made effort to address at least to some extent the infrastructural deficit through Public-Private Partnership, but this has not yielded the desired result. Moreover, the sustainability issues relating to railway projects such as, emissions, noise pollution, ecosystem, and other environmental issues calls for urgent attention. Hence, this necessitated consideration on sustainability appraisal for the Chinese rail project in Nigeria. This study reviews sustainability of railway projects built by the Chinese firm in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the environmental and social impact of these projects. The study further identified issues and challenges in project implementation with a particular focus on civil dialogue and community engagements. A detailed literature search was conducted on railway projects and infrastructure by systematically reviewing selected published articles.The analysis of the selected articles identified sustainability issues and potential for improvement of Chinese railway projects and how they contribute to or inhibit competitiveness in the Nigerian railway market. From the literature searched, some of the projects constructed by Chinese firm revealed that there is economic and social impact of railway projects delivered by the Chinese firm in terms of capacity development and knowledge transfer potentiality. For instance, in the just concluded Lagos-Ibadan railway projects, the study gathered that the project brought about 5000 jobs and local staff were trained by the Chinese company, this will boost man power and local content capability. Also, it will significantly improve Nigeria's infrastructure and boost its economic development. The study suggests that Nigerian government should ensure and provide an enabling environment that is conducive for investment on the continent. Peace, improved security, and decent governance are the best conditions for sustainable transportation growth.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-137
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• 1996

Under-utilization of Korean women's education in the labor market has been observed and pointed out as a waste of valuable human resources. Although education provides women with positive returns when they work, it has been found that Korean women's education is not much related to the likelihood of women's labor force participation. This tendency cannot be explained by micro-economic theory, which says that educated women are more likely to participate in the labor force. Thus, in this analysis, a macro-level explanation is attempted to understand Korean women's economic behaviors in relation to education. Korea's rapid industrialization since 1960 has provided ample job opportunities mostly for less educated women. On the other hand, increasing demand for educated female labor has been moderate. Various restriction against women, especially married women, have prevailed in the Korean labor market. Restrictions against women and the marriage bar tend to be selectively applied to decent white-collar jobs, mostly affecting educated women. Furthermore, there has been no shortage of educated male labor due to its adequate supply. Since Korean women spend most of their adult lives in marriage, married women's low participation in the labor force is a critical factor for the low economic returns to women's education throughout their lifetime. Restriction against married women in the labor market also existed in the past of the United States and the Great Britain. However, along with the expansion of the service sector, married women in great numbers flowed into non-manual jobs. The post-1940 increase of married women in the labor force in those countries can be understood to be a result of a labor shortage for non-manual jobs. Also in Taiwan, which shares many common cultural and economic backgrounds with Korea, the marriage bar has been in decline since the late 1970s, along with an increasing demand for female labor in the service sector. In sum, the changes in the demand structure and the supply of educated male labor force will contribute to the lift of the marrige bar in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.31-50
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• 2015

This study attempted to empirically investigate the determinants of poverty transition of the working poor with disabilities from a dynamic perspective. Analyses were conducted on the data from Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled(PSED, Year 1-6), included the households with a disabled head of household. The working poor were defined as the household of which income fell below 120% of the absolute poverty line among the households just described. As results, The 6-year mean poverty rate for the working poor with disabilities included in the analysis was 31.4%, approximately three times of the poverty rate of the total population and the working poor with disabilities were found to have greater difficulty with poverty exit once having fell into poverty than all households living in poverty. And it was found that the economic activity factor was the key determinant of in-work poverty. In addition, employment of the working poor with disabilities did not lead straight to poverty exit, and the quality, rather than the status of, employment was the key determinant of poverty exit. The implications of the findings of this study are that it is essential to increase decent jobs, expand the social safety net of the working poor with disabilities and establish poverty reduction measures for each class of the working poor with disabilities to exit from poverty.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.111-158
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• 2018

This paper pays attention to the recent increase of young Koreans working in the low-skilled service sector in Singapore. Such rapid increase largely results from the Korean government's initiatives to promote labour migration of young people and the concurrent proliferation of migration agencies, against the background of growing youth unemployment in South Korea. By exploring the motivations and trajectories of young people's labour migration to Singapore, this study examines to what extent they think their expectations have been met and how they interpret their migration and work experiences. There has been little research that examines the actual voices of young migrants as part of migration studies, whilst the majority of previous research focuses on the evaluation of government support programmes based on job matching rates, surveys of participant satisfaction and etc. Young people who went to Singapore to improve their English language skills and qualifications for future employment in Korea have become frustrated due to low-skilled service jobs that consist of low pay and high labour intensity. Their credentials are devalued and they experience deskilling through this migration process. Most of them were discontent with the Korean migration agencies they used and critical about programmes offered by government institutions and universities/colleges. Despite being subject to deskilling, they did try to actively cope or resist this situation. This study focuses on the various ways these migrants attempted to manage the gap between their initial expectations and reality. It also demonstrates how these migrants interpreted their work experiences after returning to Korea: whilst most of them did not cash off their Singapore work experience for a decent job after returning to Korea, they did not define their experience as a complete failure. Adding to cultural, social capital they gained through this experience, they acquired 'mobility capital' which includes confidence, the desire to move, and capacity to control one's own movement.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-62
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• 2005

This study aims to explain the current upheaval in marriage that many young Korean men and women postpone or deny their marriage. In order to explain the delayed marriage, we need to understand the taste by which men and women choose their partners, the opportunity by which they find their ideational half in reality, and the context in which these values and opportunities of marriages intersect. This study examines the way in which the value and opportunities of marriage among Korean men and women have intersected differently in the changing economic conditions. Using KLIPS(Korea Labor Income Panel Survey, 1998-2002), differential effects of education and occupational status on marital time according to marriage cohort and gender are analyzed. Results find that the opportunity of marriage among men turns out to have been stratified significantly according to their educational achievement and labor status since the 1990s. For women, education and economic activities are likely to influence marriage decision in a discordant way; during the period of 1990-997, highly educated women are more likely than their counterparts to be married earlier while there is no significant difference according to economic activities. This implies that status homogamy has been intensified since the 1990s and many women with high motivation for social status are able to achieve a vicarious social status through marriage in a prosperous economy. For women married after 1998, however, the educational effect is insignificant but economic activity contributes to delaying marriage. This suggests that under the economic restructuring since the late 1990s, the constraint of opportunities finding decent jobs particularly for men results in the contingent change in women's perception about family roles and economic activities by reducing their expectation to achieve a vicarious status through marriage, but increasing their motive for their own economic activities.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.41
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• pp.87-123
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• 2011

Korea is expected to become an 'aged society' with more than 14 percent of the public aged 65 years or more by 2018. The rapid aging is giving rise to various problems within the society along with falling birthrate in a short period of time. In this context, the role and function of laws on welfare for the aged must be particularly emphasized. Also the Senior Citizens Welfare Act is of great importance as it provides social welfare service on the basis of functional connection with social insurance and public assistance. First, this paper looks into the history of laws related to welfare for the elderly such as the Senior Welfare Act, the Act on Long-term Care Insurance for Senior Citizens and the Basic Old Age Pension Act as well as the findings of earlier studies. In the second place, it will break down such laws by main components aiming to examine details of the laws and questions raised regarding them and to seek ways to achieve improvement with an emphasis on health care, old age income security, housing welfare(assisted living facilities), job security for the aged. The Senior Welfare Act offers substance of social welfare service for the elderly. Income security, health and medical care, welfare measures through long-term care and assisted living facilities, social participation by working are the key elements and all of them should be closely associated to ensure citizens get sufficient public support in their old age. For this purpose, the Senior Welfare Act is under a normative network with laws such as Act on Long-term Care Insurance for Senior Citizens and Basic Old Age Pension Act. Current laws on welfare for the aged including Senior Welfare Act are not sufficiently responsive to the aged society of the 21st century. Income security combined with decent social participation, health and medical care closely connected with long-term care system, efficient expense sharing between government and local government, enhancement of effectiveness of welfare measures can be considered as means to improve current welfare system so that the elderly can enjoy their old age with dignity and respect.