• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2017

Phalaenopsis orchid is one of the most important flowers in flower industry. We conducted an experiment to find out the response of different concentration of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) for the in vitro regeneration of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) of Phalaenopsis 'Fmk02010'. We used five different concentrations of CCC and these were 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1 and $10mgL^{-1}$ in modified MS medium and cultured for 42 days. We added two major salts ammonium nitrate ($412.5mgL^{-1}$) and potassium nitrate ($950.0mgL^{-1}$) to the MS medium for the modification. Maximum numbers of PLBs were found from media with $0.01mgL^{-1}$ of CCC (15.667) and maximum fresh weight (0.211 g) as well. The 100% PLB formation rate was also found from $0.01mgL^{-1}$ of CCC. We found 58.83% variation in number of PLBs ($R^2=0.5883$) and 47.44% variation in fresh weight ($R^2=0.4744$) to the different CCC concentrations. Our study suggested that increase in the CCC concentration negatively affect the PLBs organogenesis of Phalaenopsis. We can suggest that the addition of very low concentration of CCC in plant culture medium can increase the number, formation rate and fresh weight of PLBs of Phalaenopsis.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of the developing vallate papillae (VP) of Korean native goats using scanning electron microscopy. In prenatal development of the VP, primordia of the VP were observed and the moat was shallowly spread in 60-day-old fetuses. The moat of the vallate papillae was shallowly spread and still undifferentiated in 90-day-old fetuses. The trench wall of the moat of the VP was well developed in 120-day- old fetuses. In neonates, the moat of the VP was more widely and deeply engraved and VP were developed as completely as those of adults. In postnatal development, VP were observed to have continually increased in size with slight morphological changes until 90-days after birth. Taste pores of the VP were shaped like flower leaves in 120-days after birth. The microridges and microplicaes were well developed on the epithelial surface of the VP in goats ranging from 120-day-old fetuses to 120-day-old postnatal animals. These results suppose that the sensing ability for gestation of VP was already well developed by the time of its birth and VP were differentiated into a variety of different shape and size during development.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.769-776
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of high temperature and deficit irrigation on growth and yield of hot pepper. Hot pepper was subjected to four irrigation treatments: fully irrigation (FI), 10, 20, and 30 days deficit irrigation (DI) combination with high temperature treatment. Control plants were grown natural environment and conventional culture methods. The plant height treated with high temperature was significantly higher than that of control plant. At FI combination with high temperature treatment, growth parameters such as stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry weight were the greatest. The yield was the greatest (2,036 kg/10a) under control, DI combination with high temperature treatment decreased by approximately 42% compare with FI combination with high temperature treatment. The number of abnormal fruits was approximately 38/plant under control, which was the smallest and that of 30 days DI combination with high temperature was higher 3.3 times compare with control. Flower abscission and calcium deficiency induced by DI treatments, especially those physiological disorder promoted by increasing DI treatments period. Results indicated that yield of hot pepper reduced by DI treatments, these results suggest that the growers should irrigate to proper soil moisture for preventing reduction of total fruit yield.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of runner development based on production period and to investigate the yield in different cropping type to nursery plant age. In runner development experiment, heating + lighting + $GA_3$ + cluster removal treatment increased the number of runners by 13.1 times higher in spring season than control(heating only) in overwintering mother-plant. Treatment of 20ppm $GA_3$ was the most effective for runner production in autumn. In nursery plant age experiment, 60 days old nursery plants produced more flower cluster than 40 days old ones. This result indicated that the yield potential was so low that overwintering runners would be adaptable for spring or summer cultivation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.501-510
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the onset and release of endo-dormancy under natural conditions by observing bud break characteristics in 'Fuji' apple trees using water cuttings. Through examinations of bud break rate and days to bud break, we found that the endo-dormancy of 'Fuji' apple tree continues for 70 d from 165 to 255 d after full bloom (DAFB), from late October to early January of the following year. In addition, within 20 d of first bud break, based on a final bud break rate of 60% or more, we able to identify the timing of the changeover from para-dormancy to endo-dormancy, and endo-dormancy to eco-dormancy. Analysis of the chilling requirement during the endo-dormancy period revealed that chilling accumulation up to 255 DAFB to release endo-dormancy amounted to 666 and 517 h based on the CH and Utah models, respectively. Observation of internal changes in the bud during endo-dormancy showed that flower bud differentiation begins from mid-July, and t ime of inflorescence o f the disk f lower is a vailable to f ind. The f lower buds subsequently developed slowly but steadily during endo-dormancy and in the following year in February, the developmental stage of each organ had progressed. Moreover, the flower buds of 'Fuji' apples were mostly healthy during the dormancy period, but some exhibited necrosis of flower primordium, due partial cell damage from the formation of ice crystals rather than a direct effect of the low temperature. Flower buds were formed in both the axillary buds of bourse shoots and terminal buds of spurs, but lower bud differentiation was observed for the terminal buds of spurs at rate of about 65% of total buds, which was directly related to the bud size and shoot diameter.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.127-138
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• 2011

Four different plant growth retardants (PGRs), paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, daminozide, and chlormequat, were applied to potted Saxifraga rosacea 'Kumoma' and 'Kumoma-Gusa' plants for control of the growth and flowering. Paclobutrazol (10, 20, 40, $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), flurprimidol (5, 10, 20, $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), daminozide (500, 1000, 2000, $4000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and chlormequat (50, 100, 200, $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) were applied to the plants by a foliar spray or drenching. In 'Kumoma', application of $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ paclobutrazol by a foliar spray or drenching reduced plant height by 12.5 and 12.6 cm, and flower length by 3.4 and 3.3 cm, respectively. On the other hand, in 'Kumoma-Gusa', drenching of paclobutrazol reduced plant height by 10.7 to 12.6 cm and flower length by 2.0 to 3.9 cm with increasing concentration, but the number of florets almost fell to 20 as compared to 40.5 in the control. 'Kumoma-Gusa' plants drenched with $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ paclobutrazol and sprayed with $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ flurprimidol had the shortest heights of 10.7 and 9.9 cm, and floral length of 2.0 and 1.5 cm, respectively. A flurprimidol drenching at $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ delayed the harvest by 3-13 days as compared to the control and the smallest number of florets, 15.6, was observed in this treatment. In both cultivars, chlormequat and daminozide did not effectively influence the growth and flowering. However, number of florets increased to more than 41 at all concentrations and up to 63, the greatest floret number, with chlormequat drench in 'Kumoma-Gusa'. These results demonstrated that over $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of paclobutrazol or 5 to $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of flurprimidol could be used as PGRs to control the growth of floral length and flowering for improving potted plant quality in S. rosacea 'Kumoma' and 'Kumoma-Gusa'.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2014

This study was carried out to understand the effect of sowing date on growth characteristics, flower duration of a total of 6 domestic rapeseed cultivars, "Sunmang", "Tammiyuchae", "Tamlayuchae", "Naehanyuchae", "Yongsanyuchae" and "Hallayuchae" with different sowing dates (25 Sept., 5 Oct., 15 Oct., 25 Oct., 5 Nov.) in Muan, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea. The results obtained were summarized as the follows: The number of seedling stand after overwintering was decreased in all 6 cultivars. It changed little until 5 Oct., and then showed continuously largely decrease as the sowing date being delayed. As the sowing date was being delayed, plant height was decreased while Silique length and thousand seed weight were increased. Seed yield in all 6 cultivars decreased almost linearly with late sowing date. In correlation analysis between the delaying sowing date and growth characteristics, it was inversely correlated with plant height ($r=-0.769^{**}$), No. of branches/plant ($r=-0.760^{**}$), No. of siliqua/panicle ($r=-0.631^{**}$) and seed yield ($r=-0.946^{**}$), while showed a positive correlation with silique length (r=0.635), seed diameter ($r=0.629^{**}$) and thousand grain weight ($r=0.422^*$). No. of seeds/silique and seed set percentage were not significantly correlated with the delaying sowing date. The flower duration was long in order of Sunmang, Tammiyuchae, Yongsanyuchae, Naehanyuchae, Hallayuchae and Tamlayuchae. Varietal variation of flowering date was larger with early sowing date than with delaying sowing date. The range of flower duration across all cultivars was from 1 day of Tamlayuchae to 14 days of Sunmang according to the sowing date, and the end flowering date was able to be extended from 2 to 9 days, compared to normal date of end flowering.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the development and oviposition characteristics of Protaetia brevitarsis fed mulberry fermented sawdust added with mulberry cake. The results of rearing of P. brevitarsis larvae on oak fermented sawdust and mulberry fermented sawdust added with different ratio of mulberry cake, the development periods of larvae feed sawdust with mulberry cake were about 41.6~48.5 days and shortened by 117 or more than that without treatment. The development periods were shorter as the ratio of mulberry cake added increased and there was no difference according to the kind of sawdust. But the weight of the larvae raised in mulberry fermented sawdust added with mulberry cake was heavier than that of the larvae raised in oak fermented sawdust added with mulberry cake. When mass rearing P. brevitarsis larvae in oak fermented sawdust, the addition of 5% mulberry cake was appropriate. Also, the average number of laying eggs of female who fed diet with mulberry cake was 12.3% higher than that of untreated.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.85-90
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigation of effect of removal times and parts of leaf sheath by planting deph(0.6cm) on growth and flowering in forcing of Lilium species. Plant height is reduced by leaf sheath removal at early growth stages when bulbs were planted 6 cm of depth in 'Gelria and 0 cm in both of Jolanda' and Dream Land', respectively, but stem diameter and flower size were little different. Days to flowering of 3 cultivar except 'Gelria' were shorten in 6cm plant depth.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.568-573
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• 2001

The effects of foliar spray and soil drench application of triazole chemicals (diniconazole, myclobutanil, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, bitertanol, hexaconazole) on growth and flowering control in zinnia were investigated. For foliar spray application of tebuconazole, diniconazole and bitertanol on 'Dream Land Rose', plant height was decreased but tebuconazole gave the best result for dwarfing. Diameter, fresh and dry weights of flower were markably decreased at high concentration of tebuconazole. However, days to flowering was not affected by chemicals tested. For 'Dream Land Scarlet', plant height was decreased with all chemical treatments. Tebuconazole severely decreased plant height, in particulas. Diniconazole hastened flowering. For soil drench of 'Dream Land Rose', plant height was decreased by diniconazole and mycrobutanil, but diniconazole was more effective for plant height decrease. Flowering was hastened by diniconazole in both 'Dream Land Rose' and 'Dream Land Scarlet'. Plant height of 'Dream Land Scarlet' was decreased by all chemicals tested. Flowering was not occurred at $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ myclobutanil with severe suppression of stem growth.