Effect of Application Method and Concentration of Plant Growth Retardants On Plant Quality of Potted Saxifraga rosacea Moench

  • Park, Yeon Hee (Yangju City Agricultural Technology Center) ;
  • Kim, Yoon Jin (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jung, Hyun Hwan (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Ki Sun (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2011.08.03
  • Accepted : 2011.09.01
  • Published : 2011.09.30

Abstract

Four different plant growth retardants (PGRs), paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, daminozide, and chlormequat, were applied to potted Saxifraga rosacea 'Kumoma' and 'Kumoma-Gusa' plants for control of the growth and flowering. Paclobutrazol (10, 20, 40, $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), flurprimidol (5, 10, 20, $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), daminozide (500, 1000, 2000, $4000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and chlormequat (50, 100, 200, $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) were applied to the plants by a foliar spray or drenching. In 'Kumoma', application of $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ paclobutrazol by a foliar spray or drenching reduced plant height by 12.5 and 12.6 cm, and flower length by 3.4 and 3.3 cm, respectively. On the other hand, in 'Kumoma-Gusa', drenching of paclobutrazol reduced plant height by 10.7 to 12.6 cm and flower length by 2.0 to 3.9 cm with increasing concentration, but the number of florets almost fell to 20 as compared to 40.5 in the control. 'Kumoma-Gusa' plants drenched with $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ paclobutrazol and sprayed with $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ flurprimidol had the shortest heights of 10.7 and 9.9 cm, and floral length of 2.0 and 1.5 cm, respectively. A flurprimidol drenching at $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ delayed the harvest by 3-13 days as compared to the control and the smallest number of florets, 15.6, was observed in this treatment. In both cultivars, chlormequat and daminozide did not effectively influence the growth and flowering. However, number of florets increased to more than 41 at all concentrations and up to 63, the greatest floret number, with chlormequat drench in 'Kumoma-Gusa'. These results demonstrated that over $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of paclobutrazol or 5 to $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of flurprimidol could be used as PGRs to control the growth of floral length and flowering for improving potted plant quality in S. rosacea 'Kumoma' and 'Kumoma-Gusa'.

운간초의 분화 품질을 향상시키기 위하여 'Kumoma'와 'Kumoma-Gusa' 두 품종의 생장과 개화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 식물생장억제제 (PGRs) 4종을 처리하였다. 식물생장억제제 종류와 처리농도는 paclobutrazol (10, 20, 40, $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), flurprimidol (5, 10, 20, $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), daminozide (500, 1000, 2000, $4000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), chlormequat (50, 100, 200, $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)이고 엽면살포와 토양관주 방법으로 처리하였다. Paclobutrazol $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리는 운간초의 두 품종에서 초장과 화경장을 줄이는데 효과적이었다. 'Kumoma' 품종에서, paclobutrazol $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 엽면살포와 토양관주 처리방법은 초장을 각각 12.6, 12.5 cm로, 화경장은 3.4, 3.3 cm로 줄일 수 있었다. 'Kumoma-Gusa' 품종에서는 paclobutrazol 토양관주는 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 초장은 13.2-10.7 cm, 화경장은 3.9-2.0 cm까지 줄일 수 있었지만 꽃의 수는 대조구와 비교했을 때 현저하게 감소하여서 20개까지 감소하였다. Flurprimidol $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 스프레이와 토양관주 처리는 두 품종 모두 초장과 화경장을 줄일 수 있었다. 'Kumoma' 품종에서 flurprimidol $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 스프레이 또는 토양관주 처리는 개화 품질을 향상시킬 수 있었고 대조구와 비교해 꽃의 수는 44.7개 이상, 출하 일수는 5일 정도 빨리 출하 할 수 있었다. 'Kumoma-Gusa' 품종에서 PGRs처리에 의한 초장과 화경장 억제효과가 가장 큰 것은 paclobutrazol $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$과 flurprimidol $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 이었고 paclobutrazol과 flurprimidol 스프레이와 토양관주 처리에서 각각, 초장은 10.7, 9.9 cm, 화경장은 2.0, 1.5 cm 로 생장 억제효과가 가장 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 flurprimidol $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 토양관주 처리에서 출하일수는 농도에 따라 3-13일 정도 대조구보다 늦어졌고 꽃의 수는 15.6개로 가장 적은 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 두 품종 모두에서 daminozide 처리는 초장과 화경장이 줄어들지 않았지만 'Kumoma' 품종에서는 대조구와 비교했을 때 꽃의 수가 증가하였다. Chlormequat 처리는 paclobutrazol 과 flurprimidol 처리와 비교했을 때 화경장 감소효과는 작았고 처리 식물의 잎은 다른 처리에 비해 연한 녹색을 보여주었다. 두 품종 모두에서 chlormequat 과 daminozide 처리는 생육과 개화 품질에 효과적으로 영향을 주지는 않았지만 꽃의 수는 모든 처리농도에서 41개 이상을 보여주었고, 'Kumoma-Gusa' 품종에 chlormequat 토양관주 처리는 최대 꽃의 수 63개를 볼 수 있었다. 이번 결과들은 paclobutrazol 과 flurprimidol 처리가 운간초 분화의 품질 향상을 위한 화경장의 생육을 조절하는 생장억제제로서 사용 될 수 있음을 보여 주었고, 'Kumoma' 품종에서는 paclobutrazol $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 스프레이는 생육특성을, flurprimidol $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 토양관주 방법은 개화관련 특성의 품질을 향상시키는 생장억제제의 농도로 추천 될 수 있고, 'Kumoma-Gusa' 품종에서는 flurprimidol $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 스프레이와 flurprimidol $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 토양관주 방법이 운간초 분화의 생육특성과 개화품질을 향상시키는 생장억제제의 농도로 추천 될 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anna, P. and J. Treder. 2006. Effect of flurprimidol and daminozide on growth and flowering of oriental lily 'Mona Lisa'. Sci. Hort. 110:328-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.07.019
  2. Armitage, A.M., B. Bergmann, and E.L. Bell. 1987. Effect of daminozide and light intensity on growth and flowering of calendula as a potted plant. HortScience 22:611- 612.
  3. Bailey, D.A. and T.C. Weiler. 1984. Stimulation of inflorescence expansion in florist hydrangea. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109:792-795.
  4. Bailey, D.A. and W.B. Millar. 1989. Whole-plant reponse of Easter lilies to ancymidol and uniconazole. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:393-396.
  5. Basra, A.S. 2000. Plant growth regulators in agriculture and horticulture. Their role and commercial uses. The Haworth Press Inc., Binghamton, NY, USA.
  6. Cox, D.A. 1991. Gibberellic acid reverses effects of excess paclobutrazol on geranium. HortScience 26:39-40.
  7. Cox, D.A. and G.J. Keever. 1988. Paclobutrazol inhibits growth of zinnia and geranium. HortScience 23:1029- 1030.
  8. Cramer, C.S. and M.P. Bridgen. 1998. Growth regulator effects on plant height of potted Mussaenda 'Queen Sirikit'. HortScience 33:78-81.
  9. Deneke, C.F. and G.J. Keever. 1992. Comparison of application methods of paclobutrazol for height control of potted tulips. HortScience 27:1329.
  10. Ecker, R., A. Barzilay, L. Afgin, and A.A. Watad. 1992. Growth and flowering responses of Matthiola incana L. R. BR. to paclobutrazol. HortScience 27:1330.
  11. Gianfagna, T.J. and G.J. Wulster. 1986. Comparative effects of ancymidol and paclobutrazol on Easter lily. HortScience 21:463-464.
  12. Halmann, M. 1990. Synthetic plant growth regulators. Adv. Agron. 43:47-105.
  13. Hayashi, T., R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron, and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Ethephon influences flowering, height, and branching of several herbaceous perennials. Sci. Hort. 91:305-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00225-4
  14. Holcomb, E.J., S. Ream, and J. Reed. 1983. The effect of BAS106, ancymidol and chlormequat on chrysanthemum and poinsettia. HortScience 18:364-365.
  15. Jaime, A. and T. Silva. 2003. Chrysanthemum: Advances in tissue culture, cryopreservation, postharvest technology, genetics and transgenic biotechnology. Biotechnol. Adv. 21:715-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-9750(03)00117-4
  16. Karlovic, K., I. Vrsek, S. Indrak, and V.Z.Z. Idovec. 2004. Influence of growth regulators on the height and number of inflorescence shoots in the Chrysanthemum cultivar 'Revert'. Agric. Conspectus Sci. 69:63-66.
  17. Latimer, J.G., H.L. Scoggins, and T.J. Banko. 2001. Using plant growth regulators on containerized herbaceous perennials. Virginia Tech Publication No. 430-103, Blacksburg, VA.
  18. McAvoy, R.J. 1990. Poinsettia growth in media containing XE-1109 impregnated rockwool. Acta Hort. 272:215- 222.
  19. McDanial, G.L. 1990. Postharvest height suppression of potted tulips with paclobutrazol. HortScience 25:212- 214.
  20. Meijon, M., R. Rodriguez, M.J. Canall, and I. Feito. 2009. Improvement of compactness and floral quality in azalea by means of application of plant growth regulators. Sci. Hort. 119:169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.07.023
  21. Needham, D.C. and P.A. Hammer. 1990. Control of Salpiglossis sinuata height with plant growth regulators. HortScience 25:441-443.
  22. Olsen, W.W. and A.S. Andersen. 1995. The influence of five growth retardants on growth and postproduction qualities of Osteospermum eklonis cv. 'Calypso'. Sci. Hort. 62:263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(95)00769-P
  23. Pobudkiewiez, A. 2000. Responds of seed propagated geranium (Pelargonium ${\times}$ hortorum L.H. Bailey) to application of flurprimidol. Acta Agrobot. 53:31-38.
  24. Pobudkiewiez, A. and J. Nowak. 1992. Effect of flurprimidol and silver thiosulfate (STS) on the growth and flowering of 'Prima' lilies grown as a pot plants. Acta Hort. 325:193-198.
  25. Pobudkiewiez, A. and J. Nowak. 1994. The influence of flurprimidol and uniconazole on growth of the CMM dwarf Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Snowmass. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 2:135-142.
  26. Pobudkiewiez, A. and J. Nowak. 1997. Reponse of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) cvs Altis and Surf to flurprimidol application. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 5:43-52.
  27. Simmonds, J.A. and B.G. Cumming. 1997. Bulb-tip application of growth-regulating chemicals for inhibiting stem elongation of 'Enchantment' and 'Harmony' lilies. Sci. Hort. 6:71-81.
  28. Smit, M., J.J. Meintjes, G. Jacobs, P.J.C. Stassen, and K.I. Theron. 2005. Shoot growth control of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) with prohexadione-calcium. Sci. Hort. 106:515-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2005.05.003
  29. Starman, T.W. and M.S. Williams. 2000. Growth retardants affect growth and flowering of Scaevola. Hort- Science 35:36-38.
  30. Whipker, B.E., R.T. Eddy, and P.A. Hammer. 1994. Chemical growth retardant height control of ornamental kale. HortScience 29:329.
  31. Whipker, B.E., R.T. Eddy, and P.A. Hammer. 1995. Chemical growth retardant application to tuberous-rooted dahlias. HortScience 30:1007-1008.