• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.319-335
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of variables of interest on mothers' choices of infant care. The variables of interest in this study were categorized into the following three areas: 1) demographic characteristics of mothers and infants, 2) structural and procedual dimensions of infant care facilities, and 3) maternal beliefs on child-rearing. The subjects of this study were mothers whose infants were currently cared by at infant care facilities(n=185) and those who were on the waiting list to use non-maternal infant care(n=53). The main results of this study were as follows. First, mothers of this study preferred to select a type of center-based subsidized infant care over other types of care(family day care) due to quality of the program. Second, the mothers who were not using infant care and cared for their infants at homes reported that there were limitations in their choices of types of infant care due to accessibility and availability of public subsidized infant care facilities, and their child rearing goals were more likely to emphasize learning achievement and maturity than character education or personality. The mothers were more likely to choose a family home care over center-based public subsidized care when they were employed, had younger infants, had longer period of time on waiting lists, and emphasized structural dimensions of infant care than center-based care users. Implications for research and practices were discussed along with the main results of this study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three kinds of modes using bolus button of PCA on level of pain and side effects of analgesic and amount of drug consumption in post-operative patients according to whether the medication is controlled by the patient, the caregiver or the nurse. Method: The participants were 684 patients using PCA after an operation. The data collection period was from March 19 to April 6, 2007. Results: It was found that there were statistical differences in gender, age, type of surgery, pain on first post-operative day, amount of drug consumption, nausea, and vomiting. The ratio for patient controlled medication was 55.7% for women, and 70.5% for men, and for care-giver controlled medication, 35.1% for women, and 20.0% for men. Average pain scores for the first post-operative day were $3.9{\pm}2.2$ for patient controlled medication and $4.5{\pm}2.3$ for care-giver controlled medication. There were statistical differences according to mode used for PCA for amount of drug consumptions, nausea and vomiting but not for pain, operation day or pruritus. Conclusion: This study was carried out to examine risks according to who controls the PCA for post-operative patients. The results can help to develop education program for everyone who is involved in PCA, patients, caregivers, nurses and doctors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate eating behaviors of preschool children for development their snack. Eating habit, preference and nutritional state were investigated using a questionnaire answered by teachers of day-care centers, 548 preschool children(aged 4 to 6 years old) and their mothers. It was found that 93.6% of subjects thought children need to eat snacks not only at day-care center but also at home. For children, snacks clearly played an important role in dietary nutritional intake The frequency and rate of consuming Milk as snack were high$(1.51\;times\;per\;a\;day,\;459.8{\mu}l)$, 53.2% of calcium intake from Milk. The most favorite snack foods of children were fresh fruits, milk, yoghurt, juice. The correlation between frequency of eating food as snack and children's preference for food was low; because choosing food as children's snack was not by themselves but by their mothers and teachers, and variety of food(a taste, kinds) as snack was very weak. Subjects showed rather dissatisfactory view about commercial snack, and wanted new development of nutritionally balanced and natural-tasted snack for preschool children; they preferred dducks, biscuits and snacks as the form of newly-developed snack for preschool children.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) nasal carriage in Korean children attending day care centers. Methods : During September and October 2009, a survey for nasal carriage of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was conducted among children attending day care centers located in Seoul with questionnaire survey for evaluation of risk factors of acquisition of MRSA was obtained from their guardians. A culture of the anterior nares swabs using enrichment broth was executed for isolating S. aureus and oxacillin susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method. Results : Out of the 428 children enrolled whose mean age was 55 months old, 163 (38.1%) were colonized with S. aureus. Of the 163 isolates, 40 (24.5%) were MRSA. The nasal carriage rate of S. aureus showed an increasing trend with increase of age. Based on the answer to the questionnaire, 9.2% and 3.6% of children had a recent history of hospitalization and surgery, respectively, and approximately 40% of children had a history of prescription of antibiotics within 1 year prior to enrollment. Of the 428 subjects, 40 (9.3%) were MRSA nasal carriers. Conclusion : S. aureus and MRSA carriage rate of children attending day care center in Korea was 38.1% and 9.3%, respectively. Continued surveillance for nasal carriage rate of S. aureus and MRSA (especially community-associated MRSA) is mandatory.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2006

Introduction of new longterm care policy for elderly in Korea would change many aspects of elderly care service facilities. Especially elderly home care services like adult daycare centers will expand drastically after beginning of longterm care insurance. The purpose of this study is to estimate demand of adult daycare centers by comparing with the U.S and Japanese cases. Korean government is expecting that adult daycare centers will expand ten times within 4 years. This estimate is exceeding the facility demand estimate of the U.S. and Japan. The results of population study and expecting growth rate of adult daycare centers in Seoul indicate that more than 300 centers, 4 times of the number of existing centers, are in need based on Seoul elderly population in 2004. To supply these numbers of facilities in short period, more in depth study should be followed. Existing adult daycare facilities' in Seoul were analyzed by their building and management types. Interior spaces of adult daycare centers in Korea are similar to the U.S. and Japan in space arrangements but much smaller in size. In depth study of space programming as well as overall demand survey of adult daycare centers is urgently in need for more realistic expansion of adult daycare centers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2012

A 61-year-old female patient was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricle dysfunction. Two days after admission, continuous renal replacement therapy was performed due to oliguria and lactic acidosis. On the fifth day, an intra-aortic balloon pump was inserted due to low cardiac output syndrome. Beginning 4 days after admission, she was supported for 15 days thereafter with an extracorporeal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) because of heart failure with multi-organ failure. A heart transplant was performed while the patient was stabilized with the LVAD. She developed several complications after the surgery, such as cytomegalovirus pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, wound dehiscence, and H1N1 infection. On postoperative day 19, she was discharged from the hospital with close follow-up and treatment for infection. She received follow-up care for 10 months without any immune rejection reaction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.890-900
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• 2000

The aim of this investigation was to collect the baseline data about growth, dietary behaviors, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of children at child care centers for planning nutritional management program. The dietary intakes were measured by weighing method for intakes at child care centers and by dietary records by children\\`s mothers for intakes at home. The weight and height were measured and calculated z-scores by using standard of the same age groups. The children were 163 boys and 168 girls and the mean age were 55.6 months(12-78 months) and 56.0 months(16-78 months). respectively. The Z-score for height(0.33) and weight(0. 11) showed that the growth of children were above average. Nutrients intakes such s energy, protein, fiber, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C, niacin of boys from lunch and snack at day care centers were significantly higher than those of girls, and the meals at child care centers provided 20-37% of RDAs. The daily energy intakes were 1332.2kcal(83.1% RDA), protein 44. 26g(109.3% RDA), calcium 437.73mg(72.4% RDA), iron 7.24mg(72.4% RDA), vitamin A 459.6RE(113.1% RDA),vitamin B$_1$ 0.74mg(93.4% RDA), vitamin B$_2$0.79mg(79.7% RDA), niacin 7.66mg(69.9% RDA) and vitamin C 56.84mg(142.1% RDA). The nutrients which more than 50% of subjects ate less than 75% RDA were calcium, iron, niacin, and vitamin B$_2$.The average mean adequacy ratio was 0.80 and mean dietary variety score was 22.42, and those are positively correlated to % RDA of nutrient intakes. In summary, the children using child care centers consumed most nutrients below level of RDA and the nutritional management program at child care center is required to enhance the nutritional status of them. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 890-900, 2000)

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2009

We investigated the food service management practices in child care centers operated by various types of foundations in the Chonbuk area of Korea. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 125 child care center directors. The statistical analysis was completed using an SPSS v11.5 program. Approximately 82.4% of the directors were women with an the average age of 45 years old. The average number of children in each public and private child care center was 84.7 and 88.8, respectively (P<.001), and the difference in time of operation was significant(P<.001). Only 20.8% of the centers employed a dietitian, whereas 92.0% of the centers employed a cook, thus, food service was not managed by professionals in most centers. In approximately 99.2% of the centers, meals were prepared in a conventional manner. The difference in daily meal frequency was significant(P<.05), with approximately 85.6% of the centers serving snacks twice a day primarily to supplement the intake of nutrients(4.44 point) and to add fun to the daily lives of the children(4.12 point). Approximately 40.7% of the directors of public centers and 57.6% of the directors of private centers responded that the most difficult aspect of food service management was financial management. Overall, 56.8% of the directors responded that the details of financial management had the greatest effect on their ability to improve the quality of food service. In most centers, the center director was also the purchasing manager and half of them purchased food every day. Approximately 97% of the directors responded that they do not include instant foods in their menu plans but they would use them if the children wanted to eat them. These results indicate that the food service management in child care centers in the Chonbuk area is relatively inadequate. We strongly recommend that they hire dietitians for food service administration and focus on strengthening sanitation management.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 1999

Backgrounds: Previous reports have revealed a high morbidity and mortality in fatal asthma patients, especially those treated in the medical intensive care unit(MICU). But it has not been well known about the predictable factors for the mortality of fatal asthma(F A) with acute respiratory failure. In order to define the predictable factors for the mortality of FA at the admission to MICU, we analyzed the relationship between the clinical parameters and the prognosis of FA patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all medical records of 59 patients who had admitted for FA to MICU at a tertiary care MICU from January 1992 to March 1997 was performed. Results: Over all mortality rate was 32.2% and 43 patients were mechanically ventilated. In uni-variate analysis, the death group had significantly older age ($66.2{\pm}10.5$ vs. $51.0{\pm}18.8$ year), lower FVC($59.2{\pm}21.1$ vs. $77.6{\pm}23.3%$) and lower $FEV_1$($41.4{\pm}18.8$ vs. $61.l{\pm}23.30%$), and longer total ventilation time ($255.0{\pm}236.3$ vs. $98.1{\pm}120.4$ hour) (p<0.05) compared with the survival group (PFT: best value of recent 1 year). At MICU admission, there were no significant differences in vital signs, $PaCO_2$, $PaO_2/FiO_2$, and $AaDO_2$, in both groups. However, on the second day of MICU, the death group had significantly more rapid pulse rate ($121.6{\pm}22.3$ vs. $105.2{\pm}19.4$ rate/min), elevated $PaCO_2$ ($50.1{\pm}16.5$ vs. $41.8{\pm}12.2 mm Hg$), lower $PaO_2/FiO_2$, ($160.8{\pm}59.8$ vs. $256.6{\pm}78.3 mm Hg$), higher $AaDO_2$ ($181.5{\pm}79.7$ vs. $98.6{\pm}47.9 mm Hg$), and higher APACHE III score ($57.6{\pm}21.1$ vs. $20.3{\pm}13.2$) than survival group (p<0.05). The death group had more frequently associated with pneumonia and anoxic brain damage at admission, and had more frequently developed sepsis during disease progression than the survival group (p<0.05). Multi-variate analysis using APACHE III score and $PaO_2/FiO_2$, ratio on first and second day, age, sex, and pneumonia combined at admission revealed that APACHE III score (40) and $PaO_2/FiO_2$ ratio (<200) on second day were regarded as predictive factors for the mortality of fatal asthma (p<0.05). Conclusions: APACHE III score ($\geq$40) and $PaO_2/FiO_2$ ratio (<200) on the second day of MICU, which might reflect the response of treatment, rather than initially presented clinical parameters would be more important predictable factors of mortality in patients with FA.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.985-998
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• 2011

This study was conducted to understand current management status of 'day and night care' facilities and to explore the related factors with rates of operation of them. The nationwide mailing survey was conducted with structured questionnaires from July, 14, 2010 to July, 28, 2010. The subjects were 277 facilities (response rate 24.5%). Regarding the types of operating, 79.1% of faculties was run by cooperation, and 17.8% and 3.6% for individuals and national/public institutes respectively. The average of operation rate was 70.15%. National/public institutes showed higher in the rate of operation(79.08%) than 72.49% of cooperations and 57.78% of individuals. The number of manpower was not nearly different by the types of operating bodies, but the number of nurse was significantly different among them. The national/public institutions had 1.07 nurses while individual institutions have only 0.08. We found that facilities run by national/public institutes and founded before 2008 years showed higher rate of operation. In case of providing regular monitoring and evaluation services, and music program for patients showed higher rate of operation. In addition, the number of managers, social workers, and nurses increase the rate of operation. We suggest that quality management and monitoring program for the facilities which run by individuals or established after 2008 years would be developed. We also call for development of programs for facilitating utilization of 'day and night care' facilities such as expanding the family support.