• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2008

Currently, GIS has been widely used in the hedonic analyses of urban apartment housing markets in Korea. In those analyses, the apartment complexes are typically represented as the points or the polygons on the GIS maps and the location variables of the analyses are measured based on the points or the polygons. In this study, the relative performance of the point based approach and the polygon based approach in a GIS based hedonic analysis was compared using the apartment housing market data from the north eastern part of the city of Seoul and Davidson and MacKinnon Test. The results from this study indicate two things. First, two approaches can produce substantially different results in a hedonic price model estimation. Second, the polygon based approach produces a hedonic price model which explains the price variations better than the point based approach. These findings suggest that Korean researchers who are interested in improving quality of hedonic price model estimations and use GIS to measure the location variables for hedonic price models should consider using the polygon based approach with the point based approach. This is because the polygon based approach can produce the location variables with the shortest straight line distances and can explain the housing price variations well.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.188-201
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• 2016

The aim of this descriptive correlation research was to identify the factors influencing stress in caregivers of stroke patients in rehabilitation centers. The data were collected from 200 caregivers at three rehabilitation centers in B City from September 1 to 30, 2015. The data were also collected utilizing the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Caregiving Mastery Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Scale, and Burden Interview (BI) Scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 18.0 program. The factor with the greatest impact on stress was social support, which accounted for 9.3% of stress, followed by the duration of giving care to the patient, religious status, economic conditions, caregiver's age, resilience, caregiver's health status, patient's conscious status, and patient's age, all of which accounted for 30% of the stress for caregivers. Therefore, it is essential to develop social support programs that can reduce the stress for caregivers of patients in rehabilitation centers and to develop stress intervention programs, taking all the factors affecting stress into consideration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 2015

This study aims to evaluate the impact of forest therapy on neuro-cognitive, psychosocial, and physiological aspect of adolescent internet addiction risk group. We have classified potential and high risk user group as internet addiction risk group according to the criteria of Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale(K Scale). Based on the results of k-scale from the adolescents in metropolitan area from May to July 2013, 25 people were selected as Internet addiction risk group. We have randomized 13 participants joining forest therapy camp and 12 participants not joining one, and analyzed the change of the two groups with Continuous Performance, Kimberly S. Young, Connor-Davidson Resilience, Relationship Change Scale, heart rate variability and cortisol. Statistically significant changes were observedd in neuro-cognitive, psychosocial, and physiological variables, Through this study, we can consider that the therapy healing may relieve the level of internet addiction and can be an alternative to control emotional stability and impulsive behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.137-148
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing burnout of nurses in long-term care hospitals based on the expanded JD-R model (Xanthopoulou et al, 2007). Participants were 167 nurses who worked in long-term care hospitals. The instruments used in this study were the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Copenhagen Psycho-social Questionnaire version II, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the instrument developed by Thomas and Ganster (1995). Data were collected from August 25 to September 6, 2018 and analyzed based on frequency, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression using the SPSS WIN 23.0 program. The results were as follows: Nurses' burnout in long-term care hospitals was positively correlated with job demands (r=.24, p=.002) and negatively correlated with resilience (r=-.43, p<.001) and social support (r=-.41, p<.001). Factors influencing the level of burnout were resilience (${\beta}=-.28$, p<.001), social support (${\beta}=-.20$, p=.016), and job demands (${\beta}=.17$, p=.016) ), which together explained 32.0% of the total variance in burnout. Therefore, we strongly recommend interventions that reduce job demands and enhance resilience and social support to prevent and reduce the burnout of nurses in long-term care hospitals.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.25 no.1_2
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• pp.435-443
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• 2007

Computing the interior spectrum of large sparse generalized eigenvalue problems $Ax\;=\;{\lambda}Bx$, where A and b are large sparse and SPD(Symmetric Positive Definite), is often required in areas such as structural mechanics and quantum chemistry, to name a few. Recently, CG-type methods have been found useful and hence, very amenable to parallel computation for very large problems. Also, as in the case of linear systems proper choice of preconditioning is known to accelerate the rate of convergence. After the smallest eigenpair is found we use the orthogonal deflation technique to find the next m-1 eigenvalues, which is also suitable for parallelization. This offers advantages over Jacobi-Davidson methods with partial shifts, which requires re-computation of preconditioner matrx with new shifts. We consider as preconditioners Incomplete LU(ILU)(0) in two variants, ever-relaxation(SOR), and Point-symmetric SOR(SSOR). We set m to be 5. We conducted our experiments on matrices from discretizations of partial differential equations by finite difference method. The generated matrices has dimensions up to 4 million and total number of processors are 32. MPI(Message Passing Interface) library was used for interprocessor communications. Our results show that in general the Multi-Color ILU(0) gives the best performance.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of workplace bullying experience and resilience on the organizational socialization among new graduate nurses. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study with 148 new graduate nurses working in the hospitals in B city of Korea. The instruments that were used for measuring main variables were the negative acts questionnaire-revised (NAQ-R), the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), and the measurement tool for new nurses' organizational socialization. Results: The prevalence of workplace bullying was 22.3%, and the subjects reported moderate level of resilience. Significant negative correlations between workplace bullying and resilience, and organizational socialization were found. A significant positive correlation was found between resilience and organizational socialization. As a result of multiple regression analysis, resilience, workplace bullying, and a working in desired unit turned out to be variables that explained new graduate nurses' organizational socialization (adjusted $R^2=.514$, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that new graduate nurses with higher resilience and less experience of workplace bullying would show higher organizational socialization. Further research is needed to identify the regulation effect of resilience in between workplace bullying and organizational socialization.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2018

Objectives Psychological resilience is the ability to cope with stress. The genetic background behind psychological resilience is not much known. The serotonin transporter and dopamine transporter are implicated in stress related psychology and emotional processing. The aim of this study is to investigate a possible genetic role of functional polymorphisms of serotonin and dopamine transporters for psychological resilience. Methods A total of 951 healthy adult subjects were included. Psychological resilience was measured using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Genotyping was performed for serotonin transporter gene(SERT) promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) and dopamine transporter gene(DAT1) 3'-untranslated region (UTR) VNTR. Genetic association analysis was conducted between genotypes and the CD-RISC score. Results No genetic association was observed for SERT promoter VNTR or DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR with CD-RISC score. No genetic interaction between SERT promoter VNTR and DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR with CD-RISC score was detected. Conclusions Either serotonin or dopamine transporter did not seem to play a significant role for psychological resilience in this sample.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.599-606
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• 2000

본 연구는 피에조콘(Piezocone) 관입 시험에 의한 과잉간극수압의 소산(Dissipation)특성을 파악하기 위하여, 실측된 소산실험 결과치와 Gupta & Davidson에 의해 개발된 연속 공동확장이론(Successive Cavity Expansion Theory) 모델을 비교하였고, 그 경험적 이론의 적합성을 규명하였다. 연속 공동확장 이론이란, 콘 관입이 유발하는 관입 주변지반의 변환 메커니즘을 연속적인 공동확장의 전개과정로 파악할 때, 관입주변의 연속적 공동확장 영역에서 발생된 과잉간극수압들은 연속적으로 소산되어지고, 결국에는 관입멈춤직후 얻게 되는 소산시험의 결과도 이러한 과잉간극수압의 연속적 소산 메커니즘으로부터 그 영향을 받는다는 개념이다. 본 연구의 실험방법은 Piezocone 관입을 위한 연약모형지반 조성을 위하여 초대형 Slurry Consolidometer에 Slurry를 45일간 압밀시킨후 Calibration Chamber(Louisiana State University Calibration Chamber System)에 옮긴 후 2차 압밀시키는 Two-Stage Consolidation Method를 사용하였다. 또한 모형지반내에 8개의 Piezometers를 설치하여 Piezometers를 설치하여 Piezocone 관입시 유발되는 지반 내에서의 과잉간극수압의 변환을 측정하였다. 실험결과와 이론 예측치를 비교함으로써 연속 공동확장이론 모델은 u$_2$형식의 피에조콘 관입 소산시험 결과들과 잘 들어맞는 모습을 보여줬으나, 관입으로 인한 주변 지반의 과잉간극수압의 소산변화는 정성적으로만 모사 되는 모습을 보여줬다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.401-410
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• 2001

Global climate change will alter many such properties of the Southern Ocean as temperature, circulation, stratification, and sea-ice extent. Such changes are likely to influence the species composition and activity of Antarctic marine microorganisms (protists and bacteria) which playa major role in deter-mining the concentration of atmospheric $CO_2$ and producing precursors of cloud condensation nuclei. Direct impacts of climate change on Antarctic marine microorganisms have been determined for very few species. Increasing water temperature would be expected to result in a southward spread of pelagic cyanobacteria, coccolithophorids and others. Growth rates of many species would be expected to increase slightly but nutrient limitation, especially micronutrients, is likely to result in a negligible increase in biomass. The extent of habitats would be reduced for those organisms presently living close to the upper limit of their thermal tolerance. Increased UVB irradiance is likely to favour the growth of those organisms tolerant of UVB and may change the trophic structure of marine communities. Indirect effects, especially those as a consequence of a diminution of the amount of sea-ice and increased upper ocean stratification, are predicted to lead to a change in species composition and impacts on both trophodynamics and vertical carbon flux.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to develop a measure resilience in nurses. Method: Forty preliminary items were extracted from a view of the literature on concept analysis and scale development, and from in-depth interviews with nurses. These items were examined for content validity, reliability and validity. The scale was verified with 496 nurses working in three advanced general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggido. Results: Factor analysis resulted in the creation of the final scale, which consisted of 30 items that were grouped into 5 factors: dispositional pattern, relational pattern, situational pattern, philosophical pattern and professional pattern. The explanatory variance was 56.25%. The reliability of the scale was Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.95$. Correlation of the scale with the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), established its construct and concurrent validity (r=.74, p<.001). Conclusion: The resilience scale for nurses was found to have reliability and validity, and as developed in this study reflects nurses' disposition and was confirmed as a basis for developing and evaluating programs to increase nurses' resilience.