• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.93-99
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• 2009

The color harmony in video was no way to know for giving pleasure. By identifying these color harmony, it gives order, clarity, similarity, contrast, etc. Therefore, to identify the color balance is very important. Color Harmony identify the color is whether the harmony by color harmony theory of Munsell, Ostwald, Firren, Moon & Spenser, Itten, Chevreul, and Judd etc. One of these methods, we identify color harmonies of 2 colors, 3 colors, 4 colors, 5 colors and 6 colors using Itten's color balance. Identification is using by Canny edge extraction, labeling and clustering, and color extraction and harmony etc. By identifying this color harmonies, we have laid the foundation of emotional database construction and emotional recognition.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2022

A wide range of experimental bases and improved performance with different forms of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) have attracted researchers to produce eco-friendly and sustainable structures. The reinforced concrete (RC) beam's shear capacity has remained a complex phenomenon because of various parameters affecting. Design recommendations for the shear capacity of RC elements having FRP reinforcement need a more experimental database to improve design recommendations because almost all the recommendations replace different parameters with FRP's. Steel and FRP are fundamentally different materials. One is ductile and isotropic, whereas the other is brittle and orthotropic. This paper presents experimental results of the investigation on the beams with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement as longitudinal bars and stirrups. Total twelve beams with GFRP reinforcement were prepared and tested. The cross-section of the beams was rectangular of size 230 × 300 mm, and the total length was 2000 mm with a span of 1800 mm. The beams are designed for simply-supported conditions with the two-point load as per specified load positions for different beams. Flexural reinforcement provided is for the balanced conditions as the beams were supposed to test for shear. Two main variables, such as shear span and spacing of stirrups, were incorporated. The beams were designed as per American Concrete Institute (ACI) ACI 440.1R-15. Relation of VExp./VPred. is derived with axial stiffness, span to depth ratio, and stirrups spacing, from which it is observed that current design provisions provide overestimation, particularly at lower stirrups spacing.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2023

The 3D geospatial modeling of geotechnical information can aid in understanding the geotechnical characteristic values of the continuous subsurface at construction sites. In this study, a geostatistical optimization model for the three-dimensional (3D) mapping of subsurface stratification and the SPT-N value based on a trial-and-error rule was developed and applied to a dam emergency spillway site in South Korea. Geospatial database development for a geotechnical investigation, reconstitution of the target grid volume, and detection of outliers in the borehole dataset were implemented prior to the 3D modeling. For the site-specific subsurface stratification of the engineering geo-layer, we developed an integration method for the borehole and geophysical survey datasets based on the geostatistical optimization procedure of ordinary kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) by comparing their cross-validation-based prediction residuals. We also developed an optimization technique based on SGS for estimating the 3D geometry of the SPT-N value. This method involves quantitatively testing the reliability of SGS and selecting the realizations with a high estimation accuracy. Boring tests were performed for validation, and the proposed method yielded more accurate prediction results and reproduced the spatial distribution of geotechnical information more effectively than the conventional geostatistical approach.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2701-2717
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• 2023

In this paper, a hybrid fuzzy-based method is suggested for determining India's best system for power generation. This suggested approach was created using a fuzzy-based combination of the Giza Pyramids Construction (GPC) and Recalling-Enhanced Recurrent Neural Network (RERNN). GPC is a meta-heuristic algorithm that deals with solutions for many groups of problems, whereas RERNN has selective memory properties. The evaluation of the current load requirements and production profile information system is the main objective of the suggested method. The Central Electricity Authority database, the Indian National Load Dispatch Centre, regional load dispatching centers, and annual reports of India were some of the sources used to compile the data regarding profiles of electricity loads, capacity factors, power plant generation, and transmission limits. The RERNN approach makes advantage of the ability to analyze the ideal power generation from energy data, however the optimization of RERNN factor necessitates the employment of a GPC technique. The proposed method was tested using MATLAB, and the findings indicate that it is effective in terms of accuracy, feasibility, and computing efficiency. The suggested hybrid system outperformed conventional models, achieving the top result of 93% accuracy with a shorter computation time of 6814 seconds.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.12-20
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• 2023

Deep learning-based anomaly detection technology is used in various fields such as computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. In particular, this technology is applied in various fields such as monitoring manufacturing equipment abnormalities, detecting financial fraud, detecting network hacking, and detecting anomalies in medical images. However, in the field of construction and architecture, research on deep learning-based data anomaly detection technology is difficult due to the lack of digitization of domain knowledge due to late digital conversion, lack of learning data, and difficulties in collecting and processing field data in real time. This study acquires necessary data through IoT (Internet of Things) from the viewpoint of monitoring for environmental management of architectural spaces, converts them into a database, learns deep learning, and then supports anomaly patterns using AI (Artificial Infelligence) deep learning-based anomaly detection. We propose an implementation process. The results of this study suggest an effective environmental anomaly pattern detection solution architecture for environmental management of architectural spaces, proving its feasibility. The proposed method enables quick response through real-time data processing and analysis collected from IoT. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, performance analysis is performed through prototype implementation to derive the results.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.117-138
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• 2000

This study is, from the view point of constructive social studies which is the foundation of the 7th curriculum, to explore whether there is any viable program and to investigate it by which students, using photo resources in social studies, can organize their knowledge in the way of self-directed thinking. The main results are as follows: If it is a principle of knowledge construction process of constructive social studies that individual construction (cognitive construction) develops into communal construction(social construction) and yet communal construction develops itself, interacting with individual construction, it will be meet the objectives of social studies. In social studies, photos are a powerful communication tool. communicating with photos enables to invoke not only the visual aspects but also invisible aspects of social phenomena from photos. It, therefore, can help develop thinking power through inquiry learning, which is one of the emphasis of the 7th curriculum. Having analyzed photo resources appeared on the regional textbooks in elementary social studies, they have been appeared that even though the importance and amount of space photo resources occupy per page is big with regard to total resources, most of the photos failed to lad to self-directed thinking but just assistant material in stead. Besides, there appeared some problems with the title, variety, size, position, tone of color, visibility of the photos, and further with the combination of the photos. Developing of photo resources for constructive social studies is to overcome some problems inherent in current text books and to reflect the theoretical background of the 7th curriculum. To develop the sort of photo that can realize the point just mentioned, it would be highly preferable to provide photo database to facilitate study with homepage through web-based interaction. To take advantage of constructive photo resources, the instruction is strategized in four stages, intuition, conflict, accommodation, and equilibration stage. With the advancement of the era of image culture, curriculum developers are required to develop dynamic, multidimensional digital photos rather than static photos when develop text books.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 2016

The current remodeling cost estimation process is not only dependent on the historical data of new building construction, but it also has a poor linkage with risk-based estimation approach. As such, there is a high risk of falling short of initial budget. To overcome this, a risk-based estimation approach is necessary by providing a probabilistic estimation in consideration of the potential risk factors in conducting the remodeling projects. In addition, the decision-making process should be linked with the risk-based estimation results in stead of intuitive and/or experience-based estimation. This study provides a probabilistic estimation process for residential remodeling projects by developing a detailed methodology in which a step-by-step approach can be achieved. The new proposed estimation approach can help in decision-making for remodeling projects in terms of whether to proceed or not, by effectively reflecting the potential risk factors in the early stage of the project. In addition, the study can enhance the reliability of the estimation results by developing a sustainable estimation process model where a risk-based evaluation can be accomplished by setting up the cost-risk relationship database structure.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-133
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• 2010

Environmental conservation plan, notwithstanding their feasibility and potential utility in construction of environment-friendly spaces, has long been perceived in practice as "declarative" and a "formality." Such perceptions are largely the result of the failure to provide spatial planning that is directly relevant to development of the space in question, and to sufficiently interconnect with urban development plan. This demonstrates the need for ways to link disparate plans, i.e. to enact "spatial environment plan." In response to these issues, this study proposes the systematization of spatial environment data as a necessary prerequisite to the establishment of spatial environment plan, which would provide both linkages with other plans, and ensure the applicability of environmental conservation plan. To this end, this study analyzed existing environmental data, and then proposed systems for links with spatial environment plan. In respect of this, the study examined spatial data systems, and then classified applicable spatial according to each environmental medium. The study also produced spatial information and planning items that can be included in spatial environment plans for each of the nine environmental media, and then constructed a system that could link the existing spatial information system, current spatial environment data, and spatial environment management plan. Furthermore, the study proposed matters for improvement in the construction of spatial environmental data to ensure the activation of spatial environment plan. The construction of a systematic spatial database, by facilitating the smooth establishment of spatial environment plan, can enhance and upgrade environmental conservation plan, while contributing to enhanced linkages with related spatial plans.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2014

As Geoweb is continuously developing, today it is possible for the public to utilize geospatial information technology, whereas only a few experts could apply this technology in the past. The examples that utilize the geospatial information technology creatively in the field of education have been increasing. Google, USGS and NASA, etc. presented various strategies to attract participation from people as they construct the related web-sites and suggest practical examples so that the existing spatial data in public institutions can be utilized in the field of education. In this study, we presented the strategies that converged education and exploratory learning can be vitalized on the primary, middle and high schools by using geospatial information technology. We took a literature review of researches that geospatial information technology had applied in the field of education according to the changes of schools' environments, analyzed internal and foreign web-sites which applied geospatial information technology to the field of education, and finally presented the strategies for application of geospatial information technology in the field of education. The strategies we presented are divided into four parts: 1) construction of course modules, 2) construction of educational database based on geospatial information technology, 3) construction of authoring environments for course modules, and 4) provision of supporting services for vitalizing the education based on geospatial information technology.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.114-125
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• 2009

In this study, a design value analysis technique that considered stochastic LCC and stochastic performance evaluation was proposed, and by introducing the concept of reliability analysis, a decision making that secured reliability was supported. The results of this study, which was carried out according to the above objectives and methods, are summarized as follows: 1) The design value analysis procedures and value state function, improved in order to carry out a reliable analysis when evaluating alternate proposals that were extracted after the function definition was complete, were formalized, and in order to secure consistency and efficiency for value evaluation procedures, an evaluation index scheme was proposed; 2) Database collection and analysis were done for a bridge's LCC analysis. As for the collection scope of data, literature of previous research done on a bridge's LCC analysis was used as the basis for analysis, and for securing reliability regarding analysis results and dealing with uncertainty of collected data, the MCS technique was applied; 3) Weights and evaluation ranks for performance evaluation of each of the alternate proposals, as well as LCC analysis model, analysis period, discount rate, user expense, safety inspection and safety diagnosis expense conditions for LCC analysis were proposed. Lastly, a feasibility study was done and conclusion was made about "OO grand bridge and connecting road construction work execution design" project centered on value analysis execution case.