• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.395-402
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• 2015

when the radiation therapy of chest and abdomen, evaluation of the tumor motion and the data was used to minimize damage to normal tissues by separating the tumor and normal tissue and maximize tumor therapeutic effect. Lung and liver cancer each 20 patients based on the 50% top phase using 4D-CT simulation and Light speed-16 of shooting equipment 30 ~ 70 % gating phase interval and 0 ~90 % movement in the full phase interval was measured. If the full phase 0 ~ 90% with gating phase 30~70% of tumors in the liver and lung is shown the biggest difference compared to the motion and the size of the GTV was the largest difference in the I(inferior), full phase 0~90% degree of tumor motion only when a relatively large, gating phase to 30~70% of the tumor when the movement has been found that the reduced average 7.1mm. In the 4D-CT simulation comparing the motion value when the full phase 0~90 % and gating phase 30~70 % when the motion value, twice in the gating phase 30~70 % more than full phase 0~90 % showed a small movement value. The exposure to normal tissues, based on the results obtained from the 4D-CT simulation can be significantly alleviated, After treatment will reduce pain and disability in patients with radiation is expected to be able to effective treatment.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2011

Automotive Radar Systems are currently under development for various applications to increase accuracy and reliability. The target tracking is most important in single or multiple target environments for accuracy. The tracking algorithm provides smoothed and predicted data for target position and velocity(Doppler). To this end, the fixed gain filter(${\alpha}{\beta}$ filter, ${\alpha}{\beta}{\gamma}$ filter) and dynamic filter(Kalman filter, Singer-Kalman filter, etc) are commonly used. Gating is used to decide whether an observation is assigned to an existing track or new track. Gating algorithms are normally based on computing a statistical error distance between an observation and prediction. The data association takes the observation-to-track pairings that satisfied gating and determines which observation-to-track assignment will actually be made. For data association, NNPDA(Nearest Neighbor Probabilistic Data Association) algorithm is proposed. In this paper, we designed a target tracking system developed for an Automotive Radar System. We show the experimental results of the 77GHz FMCW radar sensor on the roads. Four tracking algorithms(${\alpha}{\beta}$ filter, ${\alpha}{\beta}{\gamma}$ filter, 2nd order Kalman filter, Singer-Kalman filter) have been compared and analyzed to evaluate the performance in test scenario.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.555-562
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• 2008

In this paper we proposed a practical low-power design technique using clock-gating in RTL. An efficient low-power methodology is that a high-level designer analyzes a generic system and designs a controller for clock-gating. Also the desirable flow is to derive clock-gating in normal synthesis process by synthesis tool than to insert directly gate to clock line. If low-power is considered in coding process, clock is gated in coding process. If not considered, after analyzing entire operation. clock is Bated in periods of holding data. After analyzing operation for clock-gating, a controller was designed for it, and then a low-power circuit was generated by synthesis tool. From result, we identified that the consumed power of register decreased from 922mW to 543mW, that is the decrease rate is 42%. In case of synthesizing the test circuit using synthesizer of Power Theater, it decreased from 322mW to 208mW (36.5% decrease).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.945-949
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• 2014

In cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), heart and respiratory motions are one of main obstacles in obtaining diagnostic quality of images. To synchronize CMRI to the physiological motions, ECG and respiratory gatings are commonly used. In this paper multi-biological signal (ECG, respiratory, and SPO2) based smart trigger system is proposed. By using multi-biological signal, the proposed system is robust to the induced noise such as eddy current when gradient pulsing is continuously applied during the examination. Digital conversion of the multi-biological signal makes the system flexible in implementing smart and intelligent algorithm to detect cardiac and respiratory motion and to reject arrhythmia of the heart. The digital data is used for real-time trigger, as well as signal display, and data storage which may be used for retrospective signal processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2023

PET is used effectively for biochemical or pathological phenomena, disease diagnosis, prognosis determination after treatment, and treatment planning because it can quantify physiological indicators in the human body by imaging the distribution of various biochemical substances. However, since respiratory motion artifacts may occur due to the movement of the diaphragm due to breathing, we would like to evaluate the practical effect by using the a device-less data-driven gated (DDG) technique called MotionFree with the phase-based gating correction method called Q.static scan mode. In this study, images of changes in moving distance (0 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm) are acquired using a breathing-simulated moving phantom. The diameters of the six spheres in the phantom are 10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm, 22 mm, 28 mm, and 37 mm, respectively. According to maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) measurements, when DDG was applied based on the moving distance, the average SUVmax of the correction effect by the moving distance was improved by 1.92, 2.48, 3.23 and 3.00, respectively. When DDG was applied based on the diameter of the phantom spheres, the average SUVmax of the correction effect by the moving distance was improved by 2.37, 2.02, 1.44, 1.20, 0.42 and 0.52 respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.465-472
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• 2020

Recently, various deep neural networks based methods have been proposed for audio event detection. In this study, we improved the performance of audio event detection by adopting an attention approach to a baseline CRNN. We applied context gating at the input of the baseline CRNN and added an attention layer at the output. We improved the performance of the attention based CRNN by using the audio data of strong labels in frame units as well as the data of weak labels in clip levels. In the audio event detection experiments using the audio data from the Task 4 of the DCASE 2018/2019 Challenge, we could obtain maximally a 66% relative increase in the F-score in the proposed attention based CRNN compared with the baseline CRNN.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2007

Respiration sating radiotherapy technique developed In consideration of the movement of body surface and Internal organs during respiration, is categorized into the method of analyzing the respiratory volume for data processing and that of keeping track of fiducial landmark or dermatologic markers based on radiography. However, since these methods require high-priced equipments for treatment and are used for the specific radiotherapy. Therefore, we should develop new essential method whilst ruling out the possible problems. This study alms to obtain body surface motion by using the couch based computer-controlled motion phantom (CBMP) and US sensor, and to develop respiration gating techniques that can adjust patients' beds by using opposite values of the data obtained. The CBMP made to measure body surface motion is composed of a BS II microprocessor, sensor, host computer and stopping motor etc. And the program to control and operate It was developed. After the CBMP was adjusted by entering random movement data, and the phantom movements were acquired using the sensors, the two data were compared and analyzed. And then, after the movements by respiration were acquired by using a rabbit, the real-time respiration gating techniques were drawn by operating the phantom with the opposite values of the data. The result of analysing the acquisition-correction delay time for the data value shows that the data value coincided within 1% and that the acquistition-correction delay time was obtained real-time $(2.34{\times}10^{-4}sec)$. And the movement was the maximum movement was 6 mm In Z direction, In which the respiratory cycle was 2.9 seconds. This study successfully confirms the clinical application possibility of respiration gating techniques by using a CBWP and sensor.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2020

This paper proposes an asynchronous circuit design methodology using a new Single Gate Sleep Convention Logic (SG-SCL) with advantages such as low area overhead, low power consumption compared with the conventional null convention logic (NCL) methodologies. The delay-insensitive NCL asynchronous circuits consist of dual-rail structures using {DATA0, DATA1, NULL} encoding which carry a significant area overhead by comparison with single-rail structures. The area overhead can lead to high power consumption. In this paper, the proposed single gate SCL deploys a power gating structure for a new {DATA, SLEEP} encoding to achieve low area overhead and low power consumption maintaining high performance during DATA cycle. In this paper, the proposed methodology has been evaluated by a liquid state machine (LSM) for pattern and digit recognition using FPGA and a 0.18 ㎛ CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. the LSM is a neural network (NN) algorithm similar to a spiking neural network (SNN). The experimental results show that the proposed SG-SCL LSM reduced power consumption by 10% compared to the conventional LSM.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.395-399
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• 2001

This paper describes modular fuzzy inference systems(MFIS) with adaptive capability to extract fuzzy inference modules from observation data through the learning process. The proposed MFIS is based on the structural similarity to Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy models and a modular neural architecture. The learning of MFIS is done by assigning new fuzzy inference modules and by updating the parameters of existing modules. The fuzzy inference modules consist of local model network and fuzzy gating network. The parameters of the MFIS are updated by the standard LMS algorithm. The performance of the MFIS is illustrated with adaptive control of a nonlinear dynamic system.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2021

This paper proposes the H∞ norm based data association gate method to apply robustly the data association gate of passive sonar automatic target tracking which is on non-linear targets in dense cluttered environment. For target tracking, data association method selects the measurements within validated gate, which means validated measuring extent, as candidates for the data association. If the extent of the validated gate in the data association is not proper or the data association executes under dense cluttered environment, it is difficult to maintain the robustness of target tracking due to interference of clutter measurements. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a novel gating method which applies H∞ norm based bisection algorithm combined with 3-σ gate method under Gaussian distribution assumption and tracking error covariance. The proposed method leads to alleviate the interference of clutters and to track the non-linear maneuvering target robustly. Through analytic method and simulation to utilize simulated data of horizontal and vertical bearing measurements, improvement of data association robustness is confirmed contrary to the conventional method.