• 제목/요약/키워드: Data trend analysis

검색결과 3,057건 처리시간 0.03초

Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs1053004 in Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) with Susceptibility to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Thai Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

  • Chanthra, Nawin;Payungporn, Sunchai;Chuaypen, Natthaya;Pinjaroen, Nutcha;Poovorawan, Yong;Tangkijvanich, Pisit
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권12호
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    • pp.5069-5073
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    • 2015
  • The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1053004 in Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was recently reported to be associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a Chinese cohort. This study was aimed at investigating whether the SNP might also contribute to HCC susceptibility in the Thai population. Study subjects were enrolled and divided into 3 groups including CHB-related HCC (n=211), CHB without HCC (n=233) and healthy controls (n=206). The SNP was genotyped using allelic discrimination assays based on TaqMan real-time PCR. Data analysis revealed that the distribution of different genotypes was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The frequencies of allele T (major allele) in HCC patients, CHB patients and healthy controls were 51.4%, 58.6% and 61.4%, respectively, whereas the frequencies of C allele (minor allele) were 48.6%, 41.4% and 38.6%. The C allele frequency was higher in HCC when compared with CHB patients (odds ratio (OR)=1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-1.74, P=0.032). The genotype of SNP rs1053004 (CC versus TT+TC) was significantly associated with an increased risk when compared with CHB patients (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.13-2.99, P=0.015). In addition, we observed a similar trend of association when comparing HCC patients with healthy controls (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.07-2.93, P=0.025) and all controls (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.19-2.74, P=0.005). These findings suggest that the SNP rs1053004 in STAT3 might contribute to HCC susceptibility and could be used as a genetic marker for HCC in the Thai population.

Effect of Hormone Therapy on Long-term Outcomes of Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-and Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Real World Experience in China

  • Du, Feng;Yuan, Peng;Wang, Jia-Yu;Ma, Fei;Fan, Ying;Luo, Yang;Xu, Bing-He
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.903-907
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    • 2015
  • Background: Among human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, more than half are also hormone receptor (HR)-positive. Although HR is a predictive factor for the efficacy of hormone therapy, there are still some uncertainties in regard to the effects on patients with HR-positive and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancers due to the potential resistance to hormone therapy caused by co-expression of HR and HER2. There are no clinical trials directly comparing the efficacy of hormonal therapy with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: To examine the real-world effect of hormone therapy on patients with HR-positive and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancers, a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Chinese population was conducted. The study included 113 patients who received first-line and second-line palliative treatment between 2005 and 2010 in the Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science. The effect of hormone therapy on overall survival (OS) was studied. Results: The patients who received hormone therapy (n=51) had better overall survival in contrast to those who received chemotherapy with anti-HER2 therapy (n=62) in first- or second-line treatment. The difference was of borderline statistical significance (51.8m vs 31.9m, p=0.065). In addition, the effect of hormone therapy did not differ significantly with other prognostic factors, including age (${\leq}50$ years or >50 years), disease free survival (${\geq}2$ years or < 2 years) and site of metastasis (visceral or bone/soft tissue). On multivariate analysis, administration of hormone therapy was associated with a trend toward a favorable prognosis (p=0.148, HR=0.693, 95%CI 0.422-1.139). Age more than 50 years was the sole independent harmful prognostic factor (p<0.001, HR=2.797, 95%CI 1.676-4.668). Conclusions: Our data suggest that hormonel therapy may improve outcomes of the patients with ER-positive and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

이중화된 진동 정보 판별 기법과 고장 파형 분류를 이용한 선박 엔진의 고장 감지 (Defect Detection of Ship Engine using duplicated checking of vibration-data-distinction Method and Classification of fault-wave)

  • 이양민;이광용;배승현;신일식;장휘;이재기
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제33권10호
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    • pp.671-678
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    • 2009
  • 현재 진동 정보를 통해 기계 설비의 상태나 고장 유무를 판단하는 연구들이 다수 진행 중에 있는데, 대부분의 연구에서는 설비에 대한 진동을 모니터링하거나 고장 유무를 판별하여 사용자에게 알리는 수준이다. 본 논문에서는 진동 정보 적용 대상을 선박으로 정하고, 진동에 의한 고장 진단과 판별을 보다 정교하게 수행하는 선박 엔진 감지 기법과 시스템을 제안하였다. 일차적으로 이중화된 진동 정보 판별 기법을 적용하여 진동 정보를 확인한 다음에 고장 유무를 검사한다. 만일 고장이 발생한 경우에는 적분을 이용하여 고장 진동 파형에 대한 넓이를 기준으로 어떤 유형의 고장인지를 판별할 수 있는 기법을 적용하였다. 또한 선박의 진동 경향 분석과 엔진 안전 보존을 목적으로 진동 정보를 데이터베이스에 저장하고 추적할 수 있도록 시스템을 구현하였다. 제안 시스템을 선박 엔진의 고장 판별 유무와 고장 진동 파형 감별 인자에 대해 실험을 수행한 결과 고장 판별은 약 98% 정확성을 가졌고 고장 진동 파형 감별에서는 약 72% 정확성을 가졌다.

천연활엽수림(天然濶葉樹林)내 신갈나무와 굴참나무의 직경생장(直徑生長) 특성(特性) (Diameter Growth Characteristics of Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis in Natural Deciduous Forests)

  • 최정기;유병오
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제95권1호
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 천연활엽수림의 대표적 수종인 신갈 굴참나무를 대상으로 흉고직경 생장량 패턴을 알아보고, 14개의 임목 측정인자와 직경생장량과의 관계를 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 생장량 자료는 강원도 천연활엽수림지역에서 벌도 된 83본의 신갈 및 굴참나무에 대하여 수간석해를 통하여 분석하였다. 두 수종 모두 우세목의 경우 평균적으로 15~20년까지 흉고직경생장률이 높게 나타나다가 그 이후부터는 일정한 생장량을 갖고, 매년 0.09~0.83 cm/yr의 흉고직경생장을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 최근 5년간의 연년직경생장량은 신갈나무가 평균 0.28 cm/yr로 굴참나무 평균 0.27 cm/yr 자라는 것으로 실측되었으며, 두 수종 모두 우세목, 준우세목, 중간목, 피압목 순으로 생장이 좋은 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 신갈나무의 경우는 수관급간에 직경생장량이 매우 유의적인 차이 (p<0.0001)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 14개의 입목 측정인자와 조제변수를 이용하여 최근 5년간의 연년직경생장량과 Pearson 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 신갈나무의 경우 상대직경(r=0.64), 상대수고(r=0.61), 노출된 수관투영면적(r=0.58), 전체 수관투영면적(r=0.56)순으로 상관관계가 높게 나타났으며, 굴참나무는 흉고직경(r=0.57), 수관폭(r=0.55), 연령(r=0.39), 경쟁지수(r=-0.39), 수고(r=0.35)순으로 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

전통시장 상인대학 교육서비스 품질이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 (The Impacts of Education Service Quality in the Traditional Market Merchant College on Business Performance)

  • 최동규;황희중;송인암
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제11권10호
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2013
  • Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effect of improvements in the quality of service management performance of college education on traders' conscious change of business management innovation and diverse sales expertise for a year. The use of traders' conscious changes and sales expertise as variables for the verification of the effects of parameters related to the active trader's traditional education market is a desirable direction. The method of research reflects the quality of education service, management result, traders' conscious changes, and sales expertise to understand the precise essence and definition of teaching quality at merchant colleges through theoretical consideration. Moreover, its impact on traders' conscious changes and sales expertise in empirical analysis acts as an intermediary. Research design, data, methodology - The hypothesis of this study leverages the SPSS statistical program. To gather actual proof, sample survey for theoretical research examined 262 valid papers of the 300 papers written by 10 merchants who graduated from merchant's university. First, using the SERVQUAL model, Parasuraman et al. (1996) indicated that for quality of education service, the configuration of factors is the same as the sympathetic performance, that is, responsiveness and empathy, and traders are aware of these elements. However, our preliminary investigation revealed that traders' university education has been excluded as a component of quality of service in the earlier studies. Moreover, we found that certainty of knowledge, reliability, and sympathy are influenced by challenges and by the changing intentions of merchant consciousness. In addition, our study confirms that improvements in convincing abilities and sales technique have a positive impact. Second, merchants' and traders' expertise are proven to affect business performance. In other words, university education of traders and merchants affects the consciousness of consumers, and changes patterns of sales. Third, the quality of service management education and change in the consciousness has a considerable impact on the trader, thereby maximizing business performance and acting as an intermediary for verification. Fourth, the quality of service management education affects the trader's sales expertise to maximize business performance. Results - To summarize, the quality of college educational services relates to the improvement of business performance and the role of the resulting virtuous cycle. Consequently, we can look for suggestions in the traditional markets, where the Government pays attention to the exterior environmental factors as well as to the changing business environment. However, the most important aspect is the merchant awareness. That is, a merchant should understand the distribution environment. Several competitor and trend analyses should be conducted to meet customers' expectations positively and proactively cope with any challenges related to changes. Further, expertise in sales and marketing skills need to be acquired to improve customer convincing abilities and develop a customer-oriented mindset. Conclusions - According to the changes in consumption trends of business enterprises, new management techniques are required to survive competition by improving traditional markets, which will necessitate more competitive education programs in merchant universities.

국내 기준성 대기오염물질의 권역별 장기 추이 및 원인 분석: PM10과 오존을 중심으로 (Long-term Trend Analysis of Korean Air Quality and Its Implication to Current Air Quality Policy on Ozone and PM10)

  • 김정환;김영성;한진석;박승명;신혜정;이상보;김정수;이강웅
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2018
  • Nation-wide systematic and comprehensive measurements of air quality criteria species have been made over 340 sites currently in Korea since 1990. Using these data, temporal and spatial trends of $SO_2$, $PM_{10}$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, CO and $O_x(NO_2+O_3)$ were analyzed to characterize and evaluate implementing efficiency of air quality policy and regulations. Due to strict and effective policy to use cleaner fuels in late 1980s and 1990s, the primary pollutants, such as $SO_2$, CO, and $PM_{10}$ decreased sharply by early 2000s in all parts of Korea. After this period, their concentrations declined with much lower rates in most parts of Korea. In addition, isolated but noticeable numbers of places, especially in major ports, newly developing towns and industrial parks, sustained high levels or even showed further degradation. Despite series of emission control strategies were enforced since early 1990s, $NO_2$ concentrations haven't changed much till 2005, due to significant increase in number of automobiles. Nevertheless, we confirmed that the staggering levels of $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ improved evidently after 2005, especially in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), where enhanced regulations for $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ emissions was imposed to automobiles and large emission sources. However, their decreasing trends were much lessened in recent years again as current air quality improvement strategies has been challenged to revise further. In contrast to these primary species, annual $O_3$, which is secondary product from $NO_2$ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has increased consistently with about 0.6 ppbv per year in every urban part of Korea, while yearly average of daily maximum 8-hour $O_3$ in summer season had a much higher rate of 1.2 ppbv per year. Increase of $O_3$ can be explained mainly by reductions of NO emission. Rising background $O_3$ in the Northeast Asia and increasing oxidizing capacity by changing photochemistry were likely causes of observed $O_3$ increase. The future air quality policy should consider more effective ways to lower alarming level of $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$.

도심지 공사시 지하안전 확보를 위한 기술개발 동향 (Technological Development Trends for Underground Safety in Urban Construction)

  • 백용;김우석
    • 터널과지하공간
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.343-350
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    • 2017
  • 최근 도심지 지상공간의 포화로 전세계적으로 지하공간개발이 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 지상 및 지하구조물에 인접하여 굴착이 많이 이루어지고 있다. 굴착공사 중 시공 부주의나 시공기술 미흡, 지하수 유출, 급격한 지층의 변화, 토류 시스템 구성품의 문제 등으로 인해 각종 지반함몰 사고가 발생하여 사회적 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 국가적으로 이를 대응하기 위하여 도심지 지하 시설물에 대한 예방중심의 선제적 재난 재해 관리 및 신속 복구 시스템 구축을 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 굴착공사 시 지반 내부적인 변화 요소(지하수위 변화, 지하매설물 손상 등)와 외부적인 변화요소(차량하중, 지진, 지반굴착 등)를 고려한 지하안전 확보를 위한 기술개발 동향에 대하여 자료를 수집하였다. 지반거동 해석 및 지반함몰 평가기술과 지반함몰 예방을 위한 안전한 굴착 및 보강기술, 지반함몰 발생시 긴급복구 기술의 개선 및 국내 자립화가 요구되고 있는 가운데 현재 도심지 굴착공사시 지반함몰 예방을 위한 기술개발 현황에 대하여 소개하고자 한다. 현재 연구가 진행되고 있는 부분도 있으나 크게 분류하여 예측/평가기술, 복합탐사기술, 차수보강기술, 긴급복구기술, 굴착기술의 5개 분야로 설명하고자 한다.

수업에 대한 교수의 자기평가와 학생평가의 비교를 통한 공과대학 수업개선 방안 연구 (A Study on Suggesting Directions for Course Improvement at College of Engineering Based on Comparison of Instructors' Self Evaluation and Students' Evaluation of Courses)

  • 민혜리
    • 공학교육연구
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to explore directions for improvement of teaching at college of engineering based on analysis of differences from course evaluation of students and instructors. Data was collected from 86 instructors' ratings on courses and their 3004 students' ratings on courses at college of engineering in a two-year, a three-year college and a University from 2010 to 2013. The results of the survey indicate significant differences in the statistics from the several questions between the instructors and the students as well as between the course in a two-year, a three-year college and in a University. First, instructors' self evaluation of the course is higher than students' satisfaction ratings of the course on the average. Instructors' self evaluation are high on the questions 'The subject was proper for the course', 'The course provided the latest theory and trend of the field', and 'Fairness and objectivity about the exams and the assignments'. Also, the difference between Instructors and students on the questions is significant in the statistics. The professor must make sure that students know well how to organize the course content and the method for feedback to test result and homework. Second, instructors have higher satisfaction ratings on the six questions and students have higher satisfaction ratings on the one question('Make students participate in the class effectively') at a two-year and a three-year college. However, students have higher satisfaction ratings on the three questions('Make students participate in the class effectively', 'Concern about students' learning process', and 'Use of E-learning and media equipments') and instructors have higher satisfaction ratings on the one question. It means instructors at a University feel pressure on a teaching and they are unsatisfied with their teaching skills. Third, the result of comparing six parts of the questions shows that students' satisfaction ratings are higher on 'Students participation' and 'Application of media equipments' parts whereas instructors' self evaluation are higher on 'Exams and assignments' part. Fourth, the question 'Make students participate in the class effectively' is significant in statistic based on comparison of instructors and students, and comparison of in a college and a University. Students' satisfaction ratings are higher than instructors' self evaluation.

분포형 수문모형을 이용한 침식 및 퇴적의 시.공간 변동성 분석 (Analysis on Spatiotemporal Variability of Erosion and Deposition Using a Distributed Hydrologic Model)

  • 이기하;유완식;장창래;정관수
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제43권11호
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    • pp.995-1009
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    • 2010
  • 기후변화에 의해 집중호우의 빈도 및 강도가 증가하고 지속적인 유역개발에 따른 토지이용의 증가는 토양침식 및 토사유출로 인한 재해 및 환경문제를 야기한다. 현재 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 토양침식량 산정기법은 대부분 대상유역내의 평균 토양침식량을 산출하는 총량적 개념의 경험식이므로 호우기간동안의 침식 및 퇴적의 시 공간적 변화양상을 모의할 수 없다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 따라서 보다 합리적인 유역규모의 강우-유사-유출 메카니즘 해석을 위해서는 기존의 집중형 모의기법을 대체하고 다양한 기상학적/지형학적 정보를 활용할 수 있는 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 사면의 지표 및 지표하 흐름을 고려한 유출모의 모듈과 단위수류력 이론을 기반으로 하는 유사유출 모의모듈을 결합한 분포형 강우-유사-유출 모형을 확장개발하고, 용담댐 상류부의 천천유역에 적용하여 모형의 재현성 평가를 수행하였다. 수문곡선의 모의 결과 모형의 재현성은 우수하였으며, 유사량곡선의 경우 첨두부분에서 과소선정되는 경향이 나타났다. 또한, 지표면 유동거리 및 국부경사에 따른 침식 및 퇴적의 공간분포를 분석한 결과, 침식된 토사는 비교적 경사가 완만한 하천주변에 퇴적되었으며, 강우량과 침식 및 퇴적의 공간분포의 분석결과, 강우량의 증가에 따라 침식량이 증가하였으며, Thiessen망 유역별로 침식 및 퇴적 분포는 상이하게 나타났다.

직접 전이궤적을 이용한 한국형 달 궤도선 임무설계 및 분석 (Design and Analysis of Korean Lunar Orbiter Mission using Direct Transfer Trajectory)

  • 최수진;송영주;배종희;김은혁;주광혁
    • 한국항공우주학회지
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    • 제41권12호
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    • pp.950-958
    • /
    • 2013
  • 달 궤도선은 한국형발사체(KSLV-II)에 실려 지구 저궤도에 투입된 후, 지상 안테나를 이용한 달 궤도선의 추적데이터 획득 및 궤도결정 과정을 거쳐 적절한 시점에서 TLI(Trans Lunar Injection) 엔진을 점화시켜야 한다. 본 논문은 달 궤도선을 나로우주센터에서 발사하여 달 궤도에 진입하기까지 여러 단계로 나누고 발사 방위각 및 발사창 분석부터 TLI 및 LOI(Lunar Orbit Insertion) 분사 위치에 따른 속도증분(${\Delta}V$) 그리고 가시성 및 식 기간 분석까지 수행하여 직접 전이궤적의 전반적인 특성을 분석하였다. 본 논문은 향후 달 임무 설계 시 관성비행 기간 및 전이기간에 따라 속도증분이 어떻게 변하는지에 대한 전반적인 내용을 파악하는데 도움이 되고, 발사 시각 선정과 연료소모를 줄일 수 있는 파라미터 선정에 도움을 줄 것으로 판단된다.