• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

Death of spouse is the most heartbreaking stressful and inevitable tragic life event. In middle aged men who belong to the social middle class and accomplished their occupational success, experiences of spousal bereavement are great shock. The aim of this study was to find out how they overcome their mental and physical pain and to obtain the basic materials to develop suitable nursing care programs for them. The methodological approach of this study is Giorgi's phenomenological analysis meaning unit. This method also makes theme focal meaning, situated structural description and create general structural description grasped by participator's experience through situated structure description. This study performed from November 2002 to May 2004, and participators were four men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews. which had been tapped and analysed the Giorgi's method. Finally, the five focal meaning below have been abstracted. Theme 1. Physical symptom loss of appetite, fatigue, insomnia. outbreak of illness, weight loss. Theme 2. life of spiritless lack of desire, sense of emptiness, unstableness, prosaic life. wandering. indifference of appearances, avoidance of meeting people. Theme 3. life of retrospction reflection for his wife, yearning, grief, muttering to himself, never-to-be forgotten wife, leading a lonely life. Theme 4. negative emotion reproaching, feeling hurt, marriage of daughter, feeling heavy, getting angry, sexual desire, awareness of his sinfulness. loneliness Theme 5. social support and adjustment getting his wife off his mind, curring favor with children, support and consolation by his daughter-in-law, appreciation for hospice nurse, considering remarriage, taking care of himself, good relation with his children. The result of this study showed that middle aged men bereaved of their wife by cancer need other's concern. And we have to study further to understand their experience. Until now hospice nursing is concentrated on cancer patients But from now we have to provide their families suitable nursing care programs to adjust themselves to social life before and after death of patients.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

The chemical and rheological properties of deproteinated porphyrans from laver Porphyra yezoensis were investigated to obtain basic data for the production of food materials with biological functionality. Deproteinated porphyran was prepared by acid extraction (pH 4.0, $80^{\circ}C$, 4 hr) and successive hydrolysis with 0.5% Alcalase and 0.5% Flavourzyme. The porphyran constituted 10.7% of the dry laver and consisted of 0.6% protein, 14.8% ester sulfate, 3.2% 6-O-methyl galactose, 16.0% 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, and 67.3% galactose. The effects of concentration and temperature on the apparent viscosity were examined by applying the power law and Arrhenius equations. The porphyran solution showed the typical behavior of a pseudoplastic liquid and the flow behavior index decreased with increasing concentration. The activation energy of the deproteinated porphyran solution at a 1,000 L/s shear rate also increased from $1.4954{\times}10^{4}\;to\;1.9544{\times}10^{4}\;J/kg$ mol with the concentration.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.613-638
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• 2008

The Korean government established 'the Act on Performance Evaluation and Management for National Research & Development (R&D) Programs' in 2005, and one year later constructed a master plan, 'A Basic Plan for the Management and Utilization of R&D performance' that focused on better diffusing the public R&D outcomes. In this study we propose a model of performance monitoring, evaluation, and management system for national R&D, which is based on a systematic approach and the logic model that has been prevalently used in planning and evaluating the public programs, to meet the purpose of the law and the master plan as well as to facilitate the diffusion of national R&D outcomes focused mainly on the industrial application technology. Furthermore, in order to use the model for the several applications, the model's specific measures which includes the quantitative methodologies such as analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are suggested in accordance with the existing system of the evaluation institution in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.502-513
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• 2018

The purpose of the study was to examine the support of crisis pregnancy policies among unmarried college student in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. All support rates of the crisis pregnancy and delivery policies were high, including support for crisis pregnancy and delivery, the preventive education through professional sex education and the law revision to compensate the existing legislation and system. There was supportive attitude for all adolescent single parenting policies. Especially, parent education and financial independence and education for preventing adolescent single parents from recurrent pregnancy showed a little higher support rate than others. Having a religion showed a higher support rate than atheist. Based on these findings, we will discuss the necessity of the policies of a crisis pregnancy and childbirth and the policies of unmarried adolescent parents. The results of this study could be used as a basic data for revision of relevant policies and establishment of support services.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2020

The paradigm of rural development projects has shifted and expanded from agricultural production based on the way of improving the residential environments in order to achieve the quality of life staying in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate policy directions of rural development projects by investigating government projects conducted successively starting from the Participatory Government of President Roh in 2003 and to the present Government of President Moon. In consideration of administrative affairs, the projects include the Balanced National Development Project, Quality of Life Improvement and Regional Development for Rural Villages Projects. The study examined changes in visions and key agendas proposed in national affairs as well as those in the visions and strategies exhibited by local development project plans through various governments. The core contents examined are the project characteristics, transformation process through government changes, and the law of status pertaining to rural development projects. The direction of implementation for the rural development projects implemented by each government provide an opportunity of understanding the transformation process in each project that has been still effective currently. This study is expected to provide a basic set of data to be used for a proposal for new rural development projects while still being useful to be referred or integrated to other national and regional projects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5039-5044
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• 2015

In this study, we evaluated corrosion behavior of a common rolling stock axle material, RSA1, in seawater. 3-electrode electrochemical cell experiment was conducted using artificial sea water, fabricated according to ASTM-D1141 set by American Society for Testing and Materials, where the corrosion current density and corrosion rate were determined to be $18.3{\mu}A/cm2$ and 0.217 mm/yr, respectively, by employing potentiodynamic test method and impedance spectroscopy method. Considering the fact that life time of railway car is ~25 years, the expected corrosion layer depth is 5mm. Constant-current corrosion test was conducted to accelerate the corrosion process, to reach corrosion periods of 1,3 and 4 years based on Faraday's law, followed by tension tests where the reduced specimen gauge cross-section was re-measured for stress calculation. While no apparent corrosion-related changes in mechanical properties were observed in the elastic regime, the reduction in ductility of the material was found to be increased as the corrosion period increased. The results of this study are expected to be basic corrosion data for the design of rolling stock axles, which will be operated in the sea water environment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.172-181
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• 2018

In accordance with the aged society, oral health care for the elderly is considered important to maintain general health. Although the role of dental hygienists is essential for proper health management of the oral cavity, research on the care system for the elderly people's oral health and on the role of dental hygienists in the field of elderly welfare is still insufficient. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the status of Korean elderly welfare system and dental hygienists by comparing them with those in Japan, a precedent of aged society. First, we compared and investigated the Japanese long-term insurance system, which provides an institutional basis for a long-term care system for the elderly in Korea. Second, the elderly welfare law and care system, focusing on oral care, were examined. Lastly, in elderly care, we analyzed the distinctions between Korea and Japan regarding dental hygienists' role and scope of work. Taken together, as a precedent of aged society, Japan has shown well-specialized and systematic welfare for the elderly compared with Korea. With the development of the welfare system for the elderly in Japan, the role and the work scope of dental hygienists have been expanded to improve quality of life of elderly people, as a key professional for elderly oral care. Therefore, we should perceive the need for improvement of long-term care insurance and the expansion of dental hygienists' work in Korea. In conclusion, these results could be used as basic data for improving the elderly welfare system and developing dental hygienists in Korea.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

This study was performed to provide basic rheological data of dandelion root concentrates in order to predict their processing aptitude and usefulness as functional foods material. The hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of dandelion root were concentrated at 5, 20, and 50 Brix, and their static viscosity, dynamic viscosity, and Arrhenius plots were investigated. Almost all hot water concentrates showed the typical flow properties of a pseudoplastic fluid, but evaluation using the power law model indicated that the 70% ethanol concentrates showed a flow behavior close to a Newtonian fluid. The apparent viscosity of hot water and 70% ethanol concentrates decreased with increasing temperature. Yield stresses of hot water and 70% ethanol concentrates by Herschel-Bulkley model application were in the range of 0.026 - 1.368 Pa and 0.022 - 0.238 Pa, respectively. The effect of temperature and concentration on the apparent viscosity was examined by Arrhenius equation. The activation energies of hot water and 70% ethanol concentrates were in the range of $8.762-23.778{\times}10^3\;J/mol{\cdot}kg$ and $3.217-20.384{\times}10^3\;J/mol{\cdot}kg$ with increasing concentration, respectively. Storage (G') and loss (G") moduli were generally increased with increasing frequency. For the 70% ethanol concentrates, G" predominated over G' at all applied frequencies and so they showed the typical flow behavior of a low molecular solution. However, for the hot water concentrates, G' predominated over G" at more than 1.9 rad/sec (cross-over point) and so they showed the typical flow behavior of a macromolecular solution.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.17-37
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• 2017

Purpose: This study describes current curricula for paramedic students in South Korea and proposes a standardization of the curriculum. Methods: Data were collected from 38 colleges and universities from March 1 to 31, 2016. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS 23.0. Results: The proposed standard curriculum was below. Requisite liberal arts consisted of 2 subjects and 6 credits including biomedical ethics, communications and human relationships. Common major subjects were composed of 6 areas, 22 subjects, and 78 credits. The areas of basic medicine consisted of 6 subjects and 16 credits including medical terminology. Introduction to paramedicine consisted of 3 subjects and 7 credits. Emergency patient management consisted of 2 subjects and 9 credits. Particulars to paramedic care consisted of 8 subjects and 31 credits. The law area consisted of 1 subject and 3 credits. Other major areas consisted of 2 subjects and 12 credits including integrated simulation and physician assistance. Common field practice area consisted of 3 to 4 subjects and 9 to 12 credits. Conclusion: It is important to establish and adapt a standardized curriculum for paramedic students in order to ensure competence and to provide high quality emergency medical services.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 1998

Coal ash from thermal power plants has been produced in large quantity and discarded uselessly, However, it is possible to supply construction material properly by utilizing the coal ash as construction material. In this study, the applicable model and its applicability for deformation analysis of coal ash fill and reclamation ground are studied. Camflay model gives complete constitutive law which illustrates deformation and pore water pressure while soil is loaded under the various stresses at drained and undrained conditions. The merit of proposed model which is acquired from laboratory tests is that only a few soil parameters are available. The whole parameters of Camflay model are obtained by typical mechanical test and CV triaxial test on the sample with optimum mixing ratio( i.e. fly ash : bottom ash=5:5) Then the results from proposed numerical analysis are compared with laboratory results. The differences between laboratory test and numerical analysis are negligible. Parameters deter mined from laboratory tests are useful as a basic data for deformation analysis of coal ash reclamation ground using Camflay model.