• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4093-4107
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• 2019

Proof of Work (PoW) based blockchains have limitations in throughput, time consumption, and energy efficiency. In these systems, a miner will consume significant time and resources to obtain a reward for contributing to the blockchain. To overcome these limitations, recent research on blockchains are focused on accelerating the speed, scalability, and enhancing the security level. By enhancing specific procedures of blockchain system, the level of data integrity supported by the blockchain can become more robust, and efficient. In this paper, a new blockchain consensus model based on the Bryllite Consensus Protocol (BCP) is proposed to support a hyper-connected massively multiplayer online game (MMOG) ecosystem. The BCP scheme enables users to participate directly in new consensus processes through a Proof of Participation (PoP) algorithm. In this model, the consensus algorithm has a simpler form while maintaining high security level. In addition, because the BCP scheme gives users an equal chance to make a contribution to the blockchain, rewards are distributed in an equal fashion, which motivates user participation. The analysis of the proposed scheme is applied to the Bryllite consortium blockchain system (homed in Hong Kong), which is a new blockchain network developed for international game industries, gamers, and game events.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.205-217
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to analyze the characteristics and effectiveness of online-based intervention for infertile women. Methods: We established the PICO (Participant-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome) strategy and conducted a systematic review of 7 literatures retrieved from 3 electronic databases of Ovid-Medline, Ovid-Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two investigators independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of included studies using Cochrane risk of bias. Results: The pregnancy outcome showed that higher total risk scores (TRS) about lifestyle behavior was significantly associated with lower chance of pregnancy (aHR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72~0.85). Stress was significantly decreased in experimental groups receiving online-based interventions (p<.05). Depression score was significantly lower in groups receiving additional interventions besides on-line interventions than those who used online-based intervention only. The other outcomes, including anxiety, self-efficacy, helpfulness of intervention, perceived social support, and knowledge scores were not significantly different within and between groups in overall. Characteristics of the interventions were heterogeneous. Conclusion: There is evidence that online-based intervention in infertile women enhances the pregnancy and reduces stress levels.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39B권7호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2014

본 논문은 멀티채널과 멀티웨이 구조를 가진 SSD의 구조적 특성을 감안한 웨어레벨링 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리듬은 쓰기 요청이 도착했을 때 DRAM에 저장된 데이터를 논리주소 접근 빈도에 따라 핫 데이터와 콜드 데이터로 나누고, 블록 소거횟수의 편차를 줄이도록 데이터를 할당한다. 콜드 데이터를 소거횟수가 많은 블록에 할당하여 소거횟수 증가를 억제한다. 멀티채널과 멀티웨이 구조의 SSD 시뮬레이터에 다양한 어플리케이션에서 얻어진 트레이스를 적용하여 검증한 결과, 기존의 웨어레벨링 알고리듬을 사용하는 경우에 비해 블록의 소거횟수의 차이가 평균 9.3% 줄어들고 총 소거횟수가 평균 4.6% 감소하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E4호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2001

Estimating the emission rate of VOCs from a gasoline industry at national level can be a challenging take even though the estimation is mean-based. However, using the procedures in the US EPA AP-42 guidelines, it is possible to approximate the mean industry emission rate once enough data are available. However, this estimate can be misled in the sense that there exist many stochastic factors in the EPA\\`s estimation procedures and also throughout the marketing channels of gasoline industry. Addressing the stochasticity problem in EPA\\`s procedure is hard to tackle because the detailed data needed to execute the estimation are not usually available even from refiners. Instead, this research tries to stay focused on the second type of stochasticity issue, raised from the mean0based metrological and marketing practice data collected from the 4 major refiners. To do so emission raters from each marketing channels (8 marketing points by 3 transportation types and by storage facilities of 4 refiners) are estimated monthly, following AP-42 procedures and using Tank 4.0. Once these estimates are acquired, the distribution of VOC emission rate for each marketing channel of all 4 refiners is estimated through simulation method using @Risk. The mean-based emission rates are weighted by company quantities to estimate the emission rate from the whole gasoline industry. Simple economic implication is provided, based on the result. This study found that, on the mean-bases, about 0.66% of gasoline marketed are evaporated into air. Considering the stochasticity in the estimation, about 90% of simulation results fell into the range of 0.65 to 0.68%. For 90% chance, the estimated economic loss is $54.65 million to $57.17 million, not counting the cost caused by air quality degradation and associated health impact.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 1998년도 The 12th Asia Quality Management Symposium* Total Quality Management for Restoring Competitiveness
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• pp.37-42
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• 1998

In the 11th AQCS(1997), the paper entitled 'Statistical Analysis of Baseball Records - Jinx and National Characteristics -' was presented by the same authors. At that time, the differences between Japanese characteristics and those of Europeans, using baseball data were discussed, mainly from the viewpoint of 'ways of thinking about chance cause and assignable cause.' In this paper, the authors described also on the same subject from the different viewpoint, 'ways of thinking at the design and development stage of new products', From this viewpoint, the difference also be found. It seems that the most significant difference between Japan and Germany exists in the field of aeroplanes design. The German ideas in the field were very unique, therefore the authors classified and named their ideas as: A) 'Quantitative analysis' type idea, and B) 'Chemical synthetic' type idea. The former concept is composed of two ways of thinking: a) All parts essential for just flying must be used, but b) All other parts shall be rejected, as far as possible. The latter concept is that, the all additional parts necessary for the development of the above 'purified' original product should be added respectively, depending on the requests of customers. These ideas are outlined using the actual examples of German aeroplane.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2017

Purpose: Regular physical activity is beneficial in reducing disease activity and morbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purposes of this study were to examine the levels of regular physical activity and learned helplessness and to identify factors influencing in participation in regular physical activity in RA patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 RA patients in a university-affiliated hospital. Participants completed a questionnaire including demographic and disease-related characteristics, physical activity and learned helplessness. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ tests, t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: About 23% of RA patients engaged in at least 30 minutes of regular physical activity per week. Patients with being older (OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.03~1.14), no employment status (OR=0.17, 95% CI=0.07~0.42), and lower levels of learned helplessness (OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.34~0.96) had significantly higher chance of engaging in regular physical activity. Conclusion: In developing nursing interventions to promote regular physical activity in RA patients, their learned helplessness should be considered.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.368-375
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of exposure to blood and body fluid by clinical nurses. Method: The participants in this descriptive study were 276 clinical nurses involved in nursing care in a general hospital located in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results: The annual exposure rate to blood and body fluid by clinical nurses was 66.3%, and the ratio was higher in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group for nurses under the age of 25, nurses who were unmarried, nurses with low clinical experience, and nurses who work night shifts more than six days a week. Clinical nurses who were unmarried were 1.9 times more likely to have been exposed compared to married nurses. Nurses whose work experience was less than 18 months were 2.7 times more at risk than nurses with more than 18 months of experience. Also, nurses whose fatigue scores were high had an increased chance of exposure (1.9 times). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide intensive training programs for clinical nurses who are in the early months of their career and are likely to be young and unmarried, in order to prevent exposure to blood and body fluid. Administrative supports to self-control and hospital ward operation measures to relieve nurses' fatigue should be provided.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2009

Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children has important implications for both the patients and tuberculosis control programs. In Korea, among all new patients, the isoniazid resistance rate was 9.9% and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 2.7% in 2004 (in patients aged 10-19 yr, the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate reached 2.1%). Tuberculosis in pediatric patients is difficult to diagnose because many children have nonspecific clinical signs and the detection rates of acid-fast bacilli smears and cultures are low. Therefore, every effort should be made to identify adult sources and obtain information on drug susceptibility because symptomatic adult patients have a higher chance of culture positivity and drug-susceptibility patterns are the same in most adult-child pair patients. Korean children are at significant risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis. As the isoniazid resistance rate is greater than 4% among the new cases in Korea, a four-drug regimen should be considered for initial treatment of children with active tuberculosis, unless drug-susceptibility test results are available. Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children is challenging and there are only few available data. Tuberculosis control programs should be continuous with specific focus on pediatric populations because they can serve as reservoirs for future active cases. Further studies are needed regarding treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Objectives: This paper aims to investigate the Donguibogam-based pattern diagnosis by applying natural language processing and machine learning. Methods: A database has been constructed by gathering symptoms and pattern diagnosis from Donguibogam. The symptom sentences were tokenized with nouns, verbs, and adjectives with natural language processing tool. To apply symptom sentences into machine learning, Word2Vec model has been established for converting words into numeric vectors. Using the pair of symptom's vector and pattern diagnosis, a pattern prediction model has been trained through Logistic Regression. Results: The Word2Vec model's maximum performance was obtained by optimizing Word2Vec's primary parameters -the number of iterations, the vector's dimensions, and window size. The obtained pattern diagnosis regression model showed 75% (chance level 16.7%) accuracy for the prediction of Six-Qi pattern diagnosis. Conclusions: In this study, we developed pattern diagnosis prediction model based on the symptom and pattern diagnosis from Donguibogam. The prediction accuracy could be increased by the collection of data through future expansions of oriental medicine classics.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.551-562
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• 2003

Purpose: All nurses should provide spiritual care for their clients. It is especially important to care spiritually for cancer patients facing the crisis of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of spirituality which is one of the basic concepts for spiritual care in cancer patients. Method: The subjects of this study were 8 cancer patients; 2 Christians,3 Buddhists, and 3 persons who did not have any religion. The data was collected and analyzed by Hybrid Model. Result: The results of this study were as follows: Dimensions of spirituality(vertical dimension connected with the absolute being, horizontal dimension related to others, existential dimension related to seeking of meaning), attributes of spirituality(dynamic process strengthened in suffering due to struggle with cancer, connectedness with the absolute being or will and belief in oneself, transcendence of reality, meaning and purpose of life, future oriented), outcomes of spirituality(intrinsic, behavioral). Conclusion: The spirituality of cancer patients is manifested differently by his(her) religion, age, past experiences and burden of family, and is able to be strengthened with cancer. Therefore, nurses should recognize that diagnosis and deterioration of cancer is not only a spiritual crisis but can be a good chance for spiritual growth, as well.