• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.530-534
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• 2002

This paper show serial communication method in order to design how to interface between fault tolerant systems with redundancy. Problem has been in the method that fault tolerant system had switched of serial data with common switching device. This problem degrade reliability in itself and total system which is interfaced with that serial communication system. So Arbitration module of serial communication which is suggested in this paper can improve the reliability using voter algorithm which fault is detected passively.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권4C호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 웨이블릿(wavelet) 영역에서 분류 예측, KLT (Karhunen-Loeve transform), 및 3-D SPIHT(three-dimensional set partitioning in hierarchical trees) 알고리즘(algorithm)을 이용하여 인공위성 화상 데이터에 존재하는 대역내 중복성 (intraband redundancy)과 대역간 중복성 (interband redundancy)을 효과적으로 제거하는 새로운 압축 방법을 제안하였다. 대역간 중복성을 제거하기 위해 웨이블린 영역에서의 분류 정보를 이용하여 영역별 대역간 예측을 행한다. 영역별 대역간 예측에 의해 복원되는 화상들은 예측 오차로 인해 원 화상 (original image)과 차 화상 (residual image)을 가진다. 이 차 화상들 간에 존재하는 대역간 중복성을 제거하기 위하여 KLT를 행한다. 웨이블릿 변환 (wavelet transform)과 KLT를 행하여 대역내 및 대역간 크기 순서로 재정렬된 변환 계수들을 3-D SPIHT 알고리즘을 이용하여 부호화 한다. 제안한 방법의 성능 평가를 위해서 다분광 화상 데이터에 대하여 압축 실험을 행하여 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법들 보다 동일한 여러 비트율 (bit rate)에서 평균 PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio)이 0.12∼3.83㏈ 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

정규화(normalization)는 데이터의 불필요한 중복의 정도를 최소화찰 뿐만 아니라 데이터의 무결성을 높이는데 기여하기 때문에 데이터베이스를 효율적으로 설계하기 위해 수행하고 있다. 그러나 정규화를 깊숙이 수행한 데이터베이스인 경우 자료 검색 시 필요에 따라 테이블 간의 조인을 해야 하기 때문에 자료 처리 속도의 저하 현상이 발생될 수도 있다. 이러한 정규화의 부작용을 다소나마 해소하기 위한 수단으로 기업에서는 궁여지책으로 역정규화를 함으로써 어느 정도 완화시킬 수 있다고 보는 견해가 있다. 본 논문에서는 정규화와 역정규화와의 성능 평가를 위해 고객관련업무 시스템에 대해 두 가지 방법을 적용하여 데이터베이스 시스템을 구축하고 분석하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과 데이터베이스 크기에 따른 응답 시간은 전체적으로 역정규화 모델이 정규화 모델보다 더 길게 나왔다. 역정규화가 데이터의 중복을 발생시키기 때문에 시스템 성능 향상에 기여하는 바가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2013

This paper presents the design of the Safety Programmable Logic Controller (SPLC) used in the Nuclear Power Plants, an analysis of a reliability for the SPLC using a markov model. The architecture of the SPLC is designed to have the multiple modular redundancy composed of the Dual Modular Redundancy(DMR) and the Triple Modular Redundancy(TMR). The operating system of the SPLC is designed to have the non-preemptive state based scheduler and the supervisory task managing the sequential scheduling, timing of tasks, diagnostic and security. The data communication of the SPLC is designed to have the deterministic state based protocol, and is designed to satisfy the effective transmission capacity of 20Mbps. Using Markov model, the reliability of SPLC is analyzed, and assessed. To have the reasonable reliability such as the mean time to failure (MTTF) more than 10,000 hours, the failure rate of each SPLC module should be less than $2{\times}10^{-5}$/hour. When the fault coverage factor (FCF) is increased by 0.1, the MTTF is improved by about 4 months, thus to enhance the MTTF effectively, it is needed that the diagnostic ability of each SPLC module should be strengthened. Also as the result of comparison the SPLC and the existing safety grade PLCs, the reliability and MTTF of SPLC is up to 1.6-times and up to 22,000 hours better than the existing PLCs.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1463-1479
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an unequal protection physical coding sub-layer (PCS) forward error correction (FEC) scheme for efficient and high-quality transmission of video data over optical access networks. Through identifying and resolving the unequal importance of different video frames and passing this importance information from MAC-layer to PCS, FEC scheme of PCS can be adaptive to application-layer data. Meanwhile, we jointly consider the different channel situations of optical network unit (ONU) and improve the efficiency of FEC redundancy by channel adaptation. We develop a theoretical algorithm and a hardware method to achieve efficient FEC assignment for the proposed unequal protection scheme. The theoretical FEC assignment algorithm is to obtain the optimal FEC redundancy allocation vector that results in the optimum performance index, namely frame error rate, based on the identified differential importance and channel situations. The hardware method aims at providing a realistic technical path with negligible hardware cost increment compared with the traditional FEC scheme. From the simulation results, the proposed Channel and Application-layer data Adaptation Unequal Protection (CAAUP) FEC scheme along with the FEC ratio assignment algorithm and the hardware method illustrates the ability of efficient and high-quality transmission of video data against the random errors in the channel of optical access networks.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 A
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• pp.295-298
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• 2003

In this paper, a novel maximum a posterion (MAP) estimation for the channel decoding of H.264 codes in the presence of transmission error is presented. Arithmetic codes with a forbidden symbol and trellis search techniques are employed in order to estimate the best transmitted. And, there has been growing interest of communication, the research about transmission of exact data is increasing. Unlike the case of voice transmission, noise has a fatal effect on the image transmission. The reason is that video coding standards have used the variable length coding. So, only one bit error affects the all video data compressed before resynchronization. For reasons of that, channel needs the channel codec, which is robust to channel error. But, usual channel decoder corrects the error only by channel error probability. So, designing source codec and channel codec, Instead of separating them, it is tried to combine them jointly. And many researches used the information of source redundancy In received data. But, these methods do not match to the video coding standards, because video ceding standards use not only one symbol but also many symbols in same data sequence. In this thesis, We try to design combined source-channel codec that is compatible with video coding standards. This MAP decoder is proposed by adding semantic structure and semantic constraint of video coding standards to the method using redundancy of the MAP decoders proposed previously. Then, We get the better performance than usual channel coder's.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2016

To enhance network efficiency, named-data networking (NDN) implements data caching functionality on intermediate network nodes, and then the nodes directly respond to request messages for cached data. Through the processing of request messages in intermediate node, NDN can efficiently reduce the amount of network traffic, also solve network congestion problems near data sources. Also, NDN provides a data authenticate mechanism so as to prevent various Internet accidents caused from the absence of an authentication mechanism. Hence, through applying NDN to various smart IT convergence services, it is expected to efficiently control the explosive growth of network traffic as well as to provide more secure services. Basically, it is important factors of NDN which data is cached and where nodes caching data is located in a network topology. This paper first analyzes previous works caching content based on the popularity of the content. Then ii investigates the hitting rate of caches in each node of a network topology, and then propose an improved caching scheme based on the result of the analyzation. Finally, it evaluates the performance of the proposal.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2022

In this paper, an asynchronous nonvolatile memory module using a self-diagnosis function was designed. For the system to work, a lot of data must be input/output, and memory that can be stored is required. The volatile memory is fast, but data is erased without power, and the nonvolatile memory is slow, but data can be stored semi-permanently without power. The non-volatile static random-access memory is designed to solve these memory problems. However, the non-volatile static random-access memory is weak external noise or electrical shock, data can be some error. To solve these data errors, self-diagnosis algorithms were applied to non-volatile static random-access memory using error correction code, cyclic redundancy check 32 and data check sum to increase the reliability and accuracy of data retention. In addition, the possibility of application to an asynchronous non-volatile storage system requiring reliability was suggested.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2023

This paper discusses the design of 32Mbyte asynchronous nonvolatile memory modules, which includes self-diagnosis and RTC (Real Time Clock) functions to enhance their data stability and reliability. Nonvolatile memory modules can maintain data even in a power-off state, thereby improving the stability and reliability of a system or device. However, due to the possibility of data error due to electrical or physical reasons, additional data loss prevention methods are required. To minimize data error in asynchronous nonvolatile memory modules, this paper proposes the use of voltage monitoring circuits, self-diagnosis, BBT (Bad Block Table), ECC (Error Correction Code), CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)32, and data check sum, data recording method using RTC. Prototypes have been produced to confirm correct operation and suggest the possibility of commercialization.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

멀티캐스트는 커뮤니티 기반의 그룹 통신에 효과적인 전달 수달이 되고, MANET은 최근 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅을 지원하는 하부 네트워킹 기술로 주목받고 있다. 하지만 MANET은 한정된 무선 채널 자원 및 이동노드들의 제한된 에너지 용량과 같은 문제를 가지고 있으므로 멀티캐스트 메커니즘을 적용 할 경우 이러한 사항들이 충분히 고려되어야 한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 기존 MANET에서의 여러 멀티캐스트 프로토콜들이 제안되었다. 특히 최근 제안되고 있는 응용 계층에서의 오버레이 멀티캐스팅 기술은 네트워크 계층에서의 멀티캐스팅보다 많은 장점을 제공하고 있다. 하지만 여전히 데이터 전달시 많은 불필요한 전송이 일어난다. 이는 네트워크의 자원을 낭비할 뿐만 아니라 전달하는 노드들의 에너지 소모를 가중시킴으로써 네트워크 성능 저하를 가져온다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 불필요한 전송을 없애기 위해 분기 노드를 제안하고 이를 통해 효율적인 멀티캐스트 데이터 전달 구조를 생성하는 방안을 제안한다. 네트워크 시뮬레이션을 통한 검증결과 제안하는 방안은 기존 방안 대비 패킷 전달율이 향상되었고 전송 비용은 감소했다.