• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2019

Recently, rural housing in urban areas has been increasing due to the improvement of income level. With the increase of the construction of the power house, the installation of the heating system using the harmonious fuel for the purpose of heating and the beauty of the room is increasing rapidly. In addition to the increasing use of firewood heating equipment, the incidence of fire is also increasing. Analysis of the National Fire Data System of the Fire Department The result of the analysis of the National Fire Data System Many parts of the fire are incinerated by the accumulation of tar due to the incompleteness of periodic cleaning inside the cylinder. The distance between the fire extinguisher and the combustible materials such as ceiling, Resulting in fire. In addition, it was found that much of the fire of the firewood heating system in the time zone occurs during the sleeping and resting time and there is not enough time for the residents to cope. This, in turn, causes serious harm to the lives and property of the users of the pyrotechnic heating system. Therefore, in this study, domestic and foreign standards and laws related to fuel oil heating facilities were analyzed and 12 cases of fire accidents were analyzed. Through the revision of the fire prevention and firefighting facilities installation and maintenance law, the installation standards of the alarm and fire extinguishing facilities were presented.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.92-104
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• 2022

The nail service field, which has emerged as a new trend in the beauty industry, is showing rapid growth compared to other beauty fields. As nail beauty services become more common and popular, studies on related fields are also actively progressing, but most of the research has been focused on changes on self-esteem. In addition, most of the preceding studies are centered on female customers, thus, there is little data on male customers that are increasing recently. This research aims to provide customized marketing data to the nail beauty service industry by analyzing the psychological characteristics of the customers and their motives by selecting self-esteem and confidence as factors. First, the customers' confidence and self-esteem were classified into a group with high and low confidence and self-esteem, and as a result of analyzing the difference in service pursuit benefits and revisit intentions, there were significant differences in mood change, professionalism, health hygiene, aesthetics, and revisit. Second, as a result of analyzing the effect of the service pursuit benefits of male and female customers on the revisit intention, it was found that only health and hygiene had a significant effect on the revisit intention. Female customers also had a significant influence on their revisit intention, which is judged to have a significant effect on male customers' revisit intention because most of the main management is cuticle cleaning, callus management, and problematic nails.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.28.1-28.13
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the application method of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and its influence on the adhesion of fiberglass posts cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and Methods: Sixty human mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 5 groups (n = 12), according to the canal irrigant and its application method: 2 groups with conventional syringe irrigation (CSI)-2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control) and 2% CHX- and 3 groups with 2% CHX irrigation/activation-by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Easy Clean file, and XP-Endo Finisher file. Two roots per group were evaluated for smear layer (SL) removal by scanning electron microscopy. For other roots, fiber posts were luted using a self-adhesive resin cement. The roots were sectioned into 6 slices for push-out bond strength (BS) (7/group) and nanoleakage (NL) (3/group). Data from SL removal were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α = 0.05). Data from BS and NL were evaluated by 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: For SL removal and BS, the CHX irrigation/activation promoted better values than CSI with CHX (p < 0.05), but it was not significantly different from CSI with NaOCl (p > 0.05). For NL, the lowest values were obtained by the chlorhexidine irrigation/activation groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Active 2% CHX irrigation can be used to improve the post space cleaning and adhesion before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cements.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2024

The Smart Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) management system, which integrates information technology (IT) to automate and analyze big data, has been introduced into school food services. This study investigated the job performance, job satisfaction, and job stress of employees in school food services using Smart HACCP. Data were collected via questionnaires from 350 employees in school food services who utilized Smart HACCP and worked in Gyeonggi-do or Incheon. The questionnaire included general information, workplace characteristics, HACCP education status, job performance, and job satisfaction according to the use of Smart HACCP, and general job stress. The responses showed that 92.3% of the participants had received HACCP education in the workplace, and 66.6% understood the content of the education. Among the HACCP process stages, CCP2 (Food Handling and Cooking) and CCP3 (Cooking Completion and Distribution) were the stages at which all participants were using Smart HACCP. CCP3 had the highest percentage (61.4%) of participants who experienced feeling the maximum reduction in their tasks by using Smart HACCP. The Smart HACCP job performance at CCP1 (Inspection) and Smart HACCP job satisfaction were higher in workplaces with 6~10 employees, compared to those with 10≤ employees (both P<0.05). The Smart HACCP job performances at of CP1 (Refrigeration and Freezer Temperature Management) and CP2 (Cleaning and Disinfection of Food Contact Surfaces) were significantly affected by the work area. General job stress was significantly higher in cooks than in cook practitioners, higher in employees with cook certification than in those without it, and higher in employees with work experience (<1 year), compared to those with 5~10 years or 10~15 years' experience. In conclusion, employees' job performance and satisfaction with Smart HACCP need to be enhanced to improve hygiene in school food service. This requires the effective management of their job stress.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2008

목 적 : 1998년과 2005년 신체발육표준 제정사업 자료를 이용하여 2007년 소아청소년 성장곡선의 개발과정에서에 이용된 성장곡선 및 혈압분포 개발 방법론을 제시하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 성장곡선은 1998년과 2005년 자료를 이용해서 각 백분위수의 성장곡선 모형을 추정하고 LMS를 방법을 이용하여 최종 성장곡선을 생산하였다. 연령과 신장별 혈압 성장곡선은 2005년 자료를 이용하여 남녀별로 고정효과 회귀모형을 적용하여 산출하였다. 결 과 : 2007 소아청소년 성장곡선 및 혈압분포 표를 제시할 수 있었다. 결 론 : 2007년 성장곡선과 혈압분포 표는 현재 가용한 자료와 최신의 통계적 방법을 최대한 활용한 국내 최초의 결과로서 향후 지속적인 발전을 위한 논의와 연구가 필요하다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1400-1418
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• 2020

In the development of commercial promotion, chatbot is known as one of significant skill by application of natural language processing (NLP). Conventional design methods are using bag-of-words model (BOW) alone based on Google database and other online corpus. For one thing, in the bag-of-words model, the vectors are Irrelevant to one another. Even though this method is friendly to discrete features, it is not conducive to the machine to understand continuous statements due to the loss of the connection between words in the encoded word vector. For other thing, existing methods are used to test in state-of-the-art online corpus but it is hard to apply in real applications such as telemarketing data. In this paper, we propose an improved chatbot design way using hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model based on the real telemarketing data. Specifically, we first collect the real data in the telemarketing field and perform data cleaning and data classification on the constructed corpus. Second, the word representation is adopted hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model. The skip-gram model maps synonyms in the vicinity of vector space. The correlation between words is expressed, so the amount of information contained in the word vector is increased, making up for the shortcomings caused by using bag-of-words model alone. Third, we use the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting method to improve the weight of key words, then output the final word expression. At last, the answer is produced using hybrid retrieval model and generate model. The retrieval model can accurately answer questions in the field. The generate model can supplement the question of answering the open domain, in which the answer to the final reply is completed by long-short term memory (LSTM) training and prediction. Experimental results show which the hybrid word vector expression model can improve the accuracy of the response and the whole system can communicate with humans.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2023

도시현상의 해석을 위해 공간정보는 필수적이다. 위치정보가 부족한 도시정보를 공간정보로 변환하기 위한 공간정보화 방법론이 꾸준히 개발되어왔다. 정형화된 주소정보나 지명 등을 이용한 Geocoding이나 이미 위치정보가 있는 공간정보와의 공간결합, 참조데이터를 활용한 수작업 형태 등이 대표적이다. 그러나 아직도 행정기관에서 작성되는 수많은 문서정보들은 비정형화된 문서형태로 인해 공간정보화의 수요가 있음에도 그동안 깊이 있게 다루어지지 못하였다. 본 연구는 자연어 처리 모델인 BERT를 활용하여 도시계획과 관련된 공개문서의 공간정보화를 진행한다. 주소가 포함된 문장 요소를 문서로부터 추출하고, 이를 정형화된 데이터로 변환하는 과정을 중점적으로 다룬다. 18년 동안의 도시계획 고시공고문을 학습 데이터로 사용하여 BERT 모델을 학습시켰으며, 모델의 하이퍼파라미터를 직접 조정하여 성능을 향상시켰다. 모델 학습 후의 테스트 결과, 도시계획시설의 유형을 분류하는 모델은 96.6%, 주소 인식 모델은 98.5%, 주소 정제 모델은 93.1%의 정확도를 보였다. 결과 데이터를 GIS 상에 맵핑하였을 때, 특정 지점의 도시계획시설에 관한 변경 이력을 효과적으로 표출할 수 있었다. 본 연구로 도시계획 문서의 공간적 맥락에 대한 깊은 이해를 제공하며, 이를 통해 이해관계자들이 더욱 효과적인 의사결정을 할 수 있게 지원하기를 기대한다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2012

전문가치면세정술과 세균막관리교육이 임플란트 주위염 감소에 미치는 효과를 분석하기 위하여 2009년 12월 9일부터 2011년 1월 31일까지 상 하악 대구치부위에 임플란트 식립 후 보철치료까지 완료한 80명의 부분 무치악 환자와 이들에게 식립된 193개의 임플란트를 대상으로 실험군과 대조군을 추출하였다. 실험군은 Watanabe method로 전문가치면세정술을 실시한 후 같은 방법으로 잇솔질교육을 하였고, 대조군에게는 엔진을 이용한 치면연마와 회전법으로 잇솔질 교육을 실시하였으며, 시작일 이후 3, 6, 9개월 재내원하여 반복시행하였고, 치면세균막 검사, 치은염 검사, 임플란트 변연골소실량 검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전문가치면세정술과 세균막관리교육을 적용한 실험군은 대조군에 비해 6개월 후와 9개월 후에서 치면세균막지수와 치은염지수가 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.05), 변연골소실량에서는 실험군(0.15 mm)이 대조군(0.24 mm)보다 낮아(p=0.155) 차이가 있을 수 있었으며, 전문가치면세정술과 세균막관리교육은 치면세균막지수와 치은염지수에 영향력 있는 요인으로 분석되었다. 2. 임플란트 특성에서 치면세균막지수는 상악이 하악보다 3, 6, 9개월 후에서 유의한 수준으로 낮았고(p<0.05), 기능부하 12개월 이하 군이 13개월 이상 군보다 6개월 후에서 낮았으며(p<0.05), 변연골소실량은 시작일과 9개월 후에서 이회법 시술방식이 일회법 시술방식보다 낮았고, 기능부하 12개월 이하 군이 13개월 이상 군보다 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 Watanabe method를 이용한 전문가치면세정술과 세균막관리교육은 임플란트 주위염을 예방하고 발생된 임플란트 주위염을 개선하는데 효과적인 방법이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 임플란트 주위염으로 인한 실패를 감소시킬 수 있는 방법으로 전문가치면세정술을 주기적으로 실시하고, 환자 개인별 적합한 잇솔질 방법을 지속적으로 교육하는 임플란트 계속관리제도 도입에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 서비스연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.117-134
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• 2022

본 연구는 프로스포츠 관람요인이 구단 이미지, 구단 만족, 그리고 구단 평판에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 파악하기 위하여 2021-2022 KBL 프로농구 원주경기장을 방문한 관람객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 프로스포츠 관람요인으로는 경기장, 경기상황, 관람비용, 관람촉진 등 4개 요인을 고려하였다. 총 3번의 경기를 통해 150부씩 총 450부의 설문지를 배포하여 불성실하게 응답한 39부의 설문지는 제외한 411부의 유효한 설문지를 최종적인 분석자료로 이용하였다. 설문에 참여한 관람객들에게 연구 목적과 취지를 설명한 후에 설문 데이터 수집을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 데이터 코딩과 클리닝 과정을 거친 후에 SPSS 통계 패키지를 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 프로스포츠 관람요인이 구단 이미지에 미치는 영향은 설명력은 45.1%로 프로스포츠 관람요인은 경기장, 경기상황, 관람촉진에 유의하게 나타났고 관람비용에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 둘째, 프로스포츠 관람요인이 구단 만족에 미치는 영향은 설명력이 42.5%로 프로스포츠 관람요인 중 경기장, 경기상황, 관람비용, 관람촉진에 모두 유의하게 나타났다. 셋째, 프로스포츠 관람요인이 구단 평판에 미치는 영향은 설명력이 62.1%로 프로스포츠 관람요인은 경기장, 관람비용, 관람촉진에 유의하게 나타났고 경기상황에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 결국, 구단의 브랜드 가치를 높이기 위해서는 관람비용을 낮추는 것 보다 시설이나 식음료 등의 품질을 높이고, 관람객을 위한 이벤트를 활성화하는 것이 훨씬 효과적이라는 점을 연구결과로 제시할 수 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.195-210
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• 2020

The observed time series from the Korea Ocean Research Stations (KORS) in the Yellow and East China Seas (YECS) have various sources of noise, including bio-fouling on the underwater sensors, intermittent depletion of power, cable leakage, and interference between the sensors' signals. Besides these technical issues, intricate waves associated with background tidal currents tend to result in substantial oscillations in oceanic time series. Such technical and environmental issues require a regionally optimized automatic quality control (QC) procedure. Before the achievement of this ultimate goal, we examined the approach of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI)'s standard QC to investigate whether this procedure is pertinent to the KORS. The OOI QC consists of three categorized tests of global/local range of data, temporal variation including spike and gradient, and sensor-related issues associated with its stuck and drift. These OOI QC algorithms have been applied to the water temperature time series from the Ieodo station, one of the KORS. Obvious outliers are flagged successfully by the global/local range checks and the spike check. Both stuck and drift checks barely detected sensor-related errors, owing to frequent sensor cleaning and maintenance. The gradient check, however, fails to flag the remained outliers that tend to stick together closely, as well as often tend to mark probably good data as wrong data, especially data characterized by considerable fluctuations near the thermocline. These results suggest that the gradient check might not be relevant to observations involving considerable natural fluctuations as well as technical issues. Our study highlights the necessity of a new algorithm such as a standard deviation-based outlier check using multiple moving windows to replace the gradient check and an additional algorithm of an inter-consistency check with a related variable to build a standard QC procedure for the KORS.