• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.592-602
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to explore types of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK, hereafter) for effective science teaching. In this research, we explored three science teachers' PCK on light, who were effective in teaching the topic with particular students. The data analysis consisted of identifying the three teachers' unique PCK and ways to improve each teaching episode through the teacher meetings. These analyses, which consisted of verbal exchanges among the participants, were identified on the basis of our understanding. Using grounded theory methods, the types of science PCK drawn from this research are: (1) teaching through curriculum reconstruction, (2) teaching to help students build their own explanation models about surrounding nature, (3) teaching for learning the social language of science, (4) teaching to motivate students' learning needs based on relevance of science to students, (5) teaching through lowering students' learning demand by providing scaffolding, (6) teaching based on the teacher's understanding of students, (7) teaching through inquiry with argumentation, (8) teaching through reification of abstract science concepts, and (9) teaching none marginalized science. Common features of science teachers with quality PCK and their professionalism in teaching are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.70-83
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• 2007

Reflection in teacher education is one reform effort that has taken hold in many teacher preparation programs. However, how to define it and how to foster it in a teacher's education are problematic issues. In this study, on the basis of literature review, science teachers' reflective thinking is defined as a process of thinking that deliberates on alternatives to solve conflict between one's previous knowledge/belief/practice and internal/external factors in science teaching context. Based on this definition, three types of science teachers' reflective thinking (i.e. technical reflection, professional reflection and critical reflection) were proposed. In addition, a framework of classifying the reflective thinking's types was also developed. To investigate science teachers' reflective thinking, two pre-service science teachers who majored in physics education participated in this study. The participants presented the monthly report on reflective practice, pre/post questionnaire, and education practicum journals. Individual interviews with them were conducted before and after their teaching activities. From the analysis of the data, it was possible to categorize the reflective thinking of the participants into three types. The major type of their reflective thinking was the technical reflection. However, it was difficult to find examples of the critical reflection.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.272-284
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to describe the scales of attitudes toward science and the validation of instruments for students and their parents. These instruments include three scales: cognition about value of science, affection toward science & science learning, and conative participation in scientific activities. A sample of middle school students (N=198) and their parents (N=153) was selected. Data analysis indicated that the instruments developed in this study had proper validity and reliability measures (${\alpha}=0.93$ for student questionnaire, ${\alpha}=0.88$ for parent questionnaire). The results reveal that both students and parents were well aware of the academic/vocational and social value of science, but they had low awareness of the individual value. In spite of that, students have positive feelings regarding enjoyment toward science and science learning, their self-concept and self-efficacy were low. And parents' responses were observed to support their kids in general field but not in science. Especially, female students had low participation in scientific activities and also their parents had low support for scientific activities (p<.0.1). Finally, there were positive correlations between students' attitudes toward science and their parents' affection toward science & science learning and conative participation in science activities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.930-943
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate if students may actually experience scientific reasoning based on an epistemology of authentic science during authentic open inquiry. The samples were 86 10th graders in a science-high school in Seoul. The experimental group practiced authentic open inquiry and the control group practiced traditional school science inquiry in five weeks. Then, the questions students asked while performing inquiry tasks were analyzed. The frequency of the questions asked by students was almost same between two groups, however, the types of questions were different. The frequency of thinking questions in experimental group was higher than the control, and the difference was statistically significant (P<.01). Particularly, the frequency of expansive thinking questions and anomaly detection questions was much higher in experimental than the control group. Judging from the result, with the students from the experimental group asking questions reflecting on the epistemology of authentic science such as scientific methods, anomalous data, and uncertainty about reasoning, students may understand authentic science features during the activities of open authentic inquiry. The result from comparing questions according to the inquiry subject showed that more openness caused the higher frequency of anomaly detection questions and strategy questions, but that inductive thinking questions and analogical thinking questions were connected to inquiry subject rather than the openness of the inquiry.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-137
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• 2024

ESG has become a necessity for all companies, and major Korean banks are actively practicing ESG management. Banks are playing a role in providing ESG finance as intermediaries in the supply of funds. Recently, they have launched ESG digital banking products that offer preferential interest rates for eco-friendly activities in combination with digital technologies. However, indiscriminate provision of preferential interest rates can adversely affect profitability of banks, and they may face the problem of 'Greenwashing' if they do not contribute to improving environmental awareness. Therefore, this study selected ESG digital savings products linked to electricity savings as the subject of the study, and empirically analyzed consumers' environmental awareness and savings behavior through actual data of consumers (N=2,478). The main findings of this study are as follows First, the analysis of the consumer status of ESG digital banking products shows that the 30-50s are the main consumer base, and the MZ generation shows relatively high performance in achieving preferential interest rates through electricity saving practices. Second, consumers' environmental awareness has a significant impact on achieving the goals of ESG banking products. ESG banking products can contribute to environmental awareness while fulfilling the basic function of saving. Third, environmental awareness did not drive consumers' savings contribution behavior, suggesting the need for continued consumer engagement. Based on environmental awareness and the theory of saving behavior, this study provides a theoretical explanation in ESG financial products. The results suggest that the appropriateness of the preferential interest rate design of ESG financial products is important.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 2024

Objectives: This study compares cases of Dalgubeol Health Care Project, 301 Network Project, and 3 for 1 Project based on program logic models to derive measures for promoting integrated healthcare and welfare services centered around medical institutions. Methods: From January to December 2021, information on the implementation systems and performance of each institution was collected. Data sources included prior academic research, project reports, operational guidelines, official press releases, media articles, and written surveys from project managers. A program logic model analysis framework was applied, structuring the information based on four elements: situation, input, activity, and output. Results: All three projects aimed to address the fragmentation of health and welfare services and medical blind spots. Despite similar multidisciplinary team compositions, differences existed in specific fields, recruitment scale, and employment types. Variations in funding sources led to differences in community collaboration, support methods, and future directions. There were discrepancies in the number of beneficiaries and medical treatments, with different results observed when comparing the actual number of people to input manpower and project cost per beneficiary. Conclusions: To design an integrated health and welfare service provision system centered on medical institutions, securing a stable funding mechanism and establishing an appropriate target population and service delivery system are crucial. Additionally, installing a dedicated department within the medical institution to link activities across various sectors, rather than outsourcing, is necessary. Ensuring appropriate recruitment and stable employment systems is needed. A comprehensive provision system offering services from mild to severe cases through public-private cooperation is suggested.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.237-248
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• 2024

Watershed runoff that is an important component of the hydrological processes has been significantly altered by climate variability and human activities in many watersheds around the world. It is important to investigate the impacts of climate variability and human activities on watershed runoff change for water resource management. In this study, using watershed runoff data for 109 middle-sized watersheds in Korea, the impacts of climate variability and human activities on watershed runoff change were quantitatively evaluated. Using the Pittitt test, the analysis period was divided into two sub-periods, and the impacts of climate variability and human activities on the watershed runoff change were quantified using the Budyko hypothesis-based climate elasticity method. The overall results indicated that the relative contribution of climate variability and human activities to the watershed runoff change varied by middle-sized watersheds, and the dominant factors on the watershed runoff change were identified for each watershed among climate variability and human activities. The results of this study enable us to predict the watershed runoff change considering climate variability and watershed development plans, which provides useful information for establishing a water resource management plan to reduce the risk of hydrological disasters such as drought or flood.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to confirm the correlation between oral frailty and health-related quality of life (HINT-8) among older adults in Korea. Methods: The data of 1,318 individuals aged ≥65 years who participated in the eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019) were analyzed using complex sample statistical analysis. Results: Chewing discomfort was found to decrease the HINT-8 scores by 1.246, 1.324, and 1.089 times in the physical, social, and mental domains, respectively. Speech discomfort was found to decrease the HINT-8 scores by 1.275, 1.449, and 1.175 times in the physical, social, and mental domains, respectively. The HINT-8 scores of participants with ≤19 natural teeth were lower in the physical and social domains. Similarly, the HINT-8 scores of participants with brushing frequency of ≤2 were lower in the positive health domain. Non-use of oral hygiene products led to a reduction in the HINT-8 score in the social health domain. Conclusions: Oral frailty in older adults reduces the health-related quality of life. Thus, it is necessary to formulate policies to manage oral frailty in this population and develop specialized programs for the management of oral frailty.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in the prevalence of dental caries and demand for dental caries treatment among children under 14 years old using Health Insurance Review and Assessment data. The analysis was conducted using treatment records from a random sample of approximately 1 million pediatric patients from a population that included all children and adolescents for each year from 2011 to 2020. In this study, the number of children diagnosed with K02 dental caries and the number of children receiving dental caries treatment across all ages have increased. However, the number of children aged 10 to 14 who received pulp treatment or extraction has decreased. In the National Survey of Children's Oral Health, the decay-missing-filled teeth index for 5- and 12-year-olds has stagnated or increased slightly, but the percentage of the population with active dental caries has decreased. Accessibility and local environments for dental caries treatment have generally improved compared to the past, but preventive dental care has stagnated over the past decade. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of oral health programs implemented in Korea to promote and prevent dental caries among children.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2024

Using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) based intrusive reduced order model (ROM), the total degrees of freedom of the structural system can be significantly reduced and the critical time step satisfying the conditional stability increases in the explicit time integrations. In this study, therefore, the changes in the critical time step in the explicit time integrations are investigated using both the POD-ROM and Voronoi-cell lattice model (VCLM). The snapshot matrix is composed of the data from the structural response under the arbitrary dynamic loads such as seismic excitation, from which the POD-ROM is constructed and the predictive capability is validated. The simulated results show that the significant reduction in the computational time can be achieved using the POD-ROM with sufficiently ensuring the numerical accuracy in the seismic analyses. In addition, the validations show that the POD based intrusive ROM is compatible with the Voronoi-cell lattice based explicit dynamic analyses. In the future study, the research results will be utilized as an elemental technology for the developments of the real-time predictive models or monitoring system involving the high-fidelity simulations of structural dynamics.