• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.203-216
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• 2010

Adult chironomids were collected at Dangsan-ri, Muju-eup, Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do on 5 September 2008, 22 May 2009 and 28 August 2009. A total of 221 specimens belong to the genus Polypedilum Kieffer from 1,113 adult midges collected were morphologically examined, and 16 Polypedilum species were identified. One species is new (Polypedilum dangsanensis Ree et Jeong sp. nov.) and eight species are newly recorded in Korea (P. asakawasense, P. convictum, P. decematogutatus, P. japonicum, P. kamotertium, P. pullum, P. serugense, and P. unifascium). These nine species are described with illustrations. Polypedilum nubifer was the most frequently collected species, consisting of 25.8% of the Polypedilum samples.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2002

Due to few earthquakes in our country, one generally has thought to be safe from earthquakes. However, severe earthquakes occurred in Dangsan and Hyogohyeon which one had regarded as the zone that had not been risky for earthquakes, so that so many people died and a lot of buildings and bridges were destroyed. This event surprised our country and we undertook preparation for earthquakes on the full scale. The concept of seismic design was induced in the country which was poor in it for the scarcity of recognition and insufficiency of funds. Recently, many specialists are enforcing the provisions of seismic design. Therefore, this study introduces the method which combines PC-LEADeR( design program for L.R.B.) with LUSAS(linear elastic analysis) and performs the seismic isolation design more elaborately and simply. It verifies the propriety of that method, and it also examine the factors that affect the response of the bridges. Seismic isolation design for bridge using L.R.B. provides both economical efficiency and superior seismic performance. Second, the results between by the method proposed and by time history analysis have 20% error at the maximum. That is, the method proposed very appropriate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.5 s.72
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• pp.713-724
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• 2004

A fatigue crack found at the coped stringer of the old dismantled Dangsan Subway Bridge was numerically simulated. A model of a single span of the plate girder bridge with its beam elements was created and analyzed in order to obtain the nominal stress history caused by trains. A detailed FEM analysis of the coped stringer was conducted using a shell element model. A fracture mechanical model was used to estimate crack propagation. The stress intensity factors were calculated using the J-Integral method. The simulation with some reasonable assumptions showed that the calculated crack lengths were comparable to those found on the site.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.821-831
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• 2006

There are 5 railway bridges in a Seoul metro network; Jamsil, Dangsan(line 2), Dongho(line 3), Dongjak(line 4) and Chungdam(line 7). Because there are strong wind and vibration in the bridges, uplift of a contact wire caused by pantographs in the bridge section is higher than in a normal section. If the uplift at the support point exceed 10 cm, an interference between pantographs and catenary system happens. Estimated maximum uplift is obtained by applying safety factor 2 to the simulation results. The application of the safety factor is needed for taking into account of the effect of the wind, etc. Previously, we can not check whether or not the safety factor is proper. Recently, we can measure the uplift during the train operation, as a telemetry system which can measure dynamic behavior of the contact wire has been developed. The aim of this research is to review how proper the safety factor related to the uplift is, based on the measurement. We performed simulations and experiments for the uplift at the Jamsil railway bridge. The simulations were performed for the every kind of the train passing the Jamsil bridge. In order to compare the analysis results with the measurement results, we measured the uplifts at the support when the trains passed the measuring point. Finally, we proposed adequate safety factor with the uplift for the bridge section.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.460-472
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• 1994

This study has been conducted to give some ideas for reasonable ecological management of Taejon city and its adjacent forest ecosystem against the effect of acid rain. Rain monitoring points to analyse its components represented 1 point in industrial area, 4 points in commercial area, 4 points in residential area, and 5 points in suburban area and forest survey was done in 7 forest sites adjacent to rain monitoring points. Transformed vegetation index(TVI) based on Landsat TM data was analysed for forest area. Taejon area was seriously contaminated by air pollutants and average concentration of anions in precipitation were 20.16mg/l for $SO_4{^{2-}}$, 3.65mg/l for $NO_3{^-}$, and 3.09mg/l for $Cl^-$. Anion in precipitation were $1.09mg/m^2/month$ for $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $0.23mg/m^2/month$ for $NO_3{^-}$, and $0.20mg/m^2/month$ for $Cl^-$. Cation in precipitation were $0.14mg/m^2/month$ for $Ca^{2+}$, $0.10mg/m^2/month$ for $NH_4{^+}$, $0.08mg/m^2/month$ for $Na^+$, $0.07mg/m^2/month$ for $K^+$, and $0.08mg/m^2/month$ for $Mg^{2+}$. The region with the highest concentration of $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $Cl^-$ in rain was industrial area. $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $Cl^-$ concentrations in industrial area were 43.08, 3.88, and 3.64ppm, respectively. Forest soil showed strongly acidic ranging pH4.16-4.94. Transformed vegetation index(TVI) were 3.11 in Dangsan, 4.00 in Kyechoksan, 4.13 in Bomunsan, 4.18 in Kabhasan, 3.34 in Bongsan, 4.13 in Sikchangsan, and 4.20 in Seongchisan. Dangsan forest located near in industrial area showed the lowest TVI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to understand the origin and characteristics of stone tower's style through the study of the 'Village Shrine at Seoji-ri, Andong'. The three kinds of stone towers were located forming a line of 9m on the hill of a red pine forest along the stream in the village. Toward the direction looking at the village, the three-story stone located on left, the two-story stone located in the middle, and the common style stone tower located on right. The bottom part of the three-story stone was 2.5m in length, 1.8m in width, 1.3m in height. The bottom part of the two-story stone was 1.3m in length, 1.5m in width, 0.9m in height. The common style stone heap tower was 3.0m in diameter, 1.8m in height with a cone shape. The small hat-shaped stone was presumed to be the top part of a three-story stone. According to the three factors(heaven, earth, human) of the idea of the universe in Korea, most ancient remains have components of odd numbers. Then it had been substituted with smaller three-story stone(at present, two-story stone). And then altered to a common stone tower later, such as the 'Village Shrine at Seoji-ri, Andong' that shows the combination of the Bronze Age's megalithic and a folk religion. The 'Village Shrine at Seoji-ri, Andong' is a valuable relic that shows the stone towers, and is derived from the Bronze Age. The 'Village Shrine at Seoji-ri, Andong' shows that the 'Village Shrine at Seoji-ri, Andong' was embodied the three-factor(heaven, earth, human) idea of the universe in three-story stone of megalithic culture' remains.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

This study was intended to set development priorities for five undeveloped neighborhood parks scattered throughout the downtown area of Cheongju City using a PDPI(Park Development Pressure Index). In order to calculate the PDPI, this study employed an additive integration method. The PDPI was graded from 1 to 5, based on the evaluation scores in accordance with nine indicators selected through literature reviews and interviews with public officials. The indicators have been classified into three categories: physical environment, utilization possibility, and facility distribution. The indicators are as follows: 1) 'altitude and inclination' and 'NDVI' as physical environment indicators; 2) 'ratio of residential area', 'forecasted utility population', 'undeveloped period', 'redevelopment near parks', 'ratio of area divided by main streets', reflecting utilization possibility; and 3) 'Distance between Neighborhood Parks' and 'Distribution of alternative facilities' as facility distribution. The following results were found: 1) three neighborhood parks including 'Sagic 2', 'Sachen', and 'Dangsan' were ranked in the first grade of PDPI; and, 2) one neighborhood park 'Samsungdang' was ranked in the fifth grade of PDPI. The above results mean that among undeveloped neighborhood parks, three have been exposed to extremely strong park development pressure, and that while two neighborhood parks have had strong exposure to park development pressure due to potential users according to their close location to Sagic Ro, an east-west main axis of Cheongju City, one neighborhood park has had weak exposure to development pressure because of the close location to 'Chuungbuk National University' and a lack of residential areas, showing a low possibility for development.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 1993

The noise and vibration generated by the subway rolling stocks operated along the Seoul Subway Line No.1, 2, 3, and 4 lead to a controversy of pollution problem especially in residential areas. However, there is no data or guide to define the damage or provide adequate protection against such pollutions. The field measurements were made to characterize the noise attenuation due to distance, noise level distribution around the subway track of the aboveground and underground parts of each Line. The assessment criteria and methods are considered in addition to the practical available noise control methods. The noise level measured at Line No. 1 and 3 are less than 60 dB(A) with no pollution problem. Only a part of the aboveground section of Line No.2 and 4 indicates severe noise pollution. The effective boundary of these areas exposed to 70dB (A) noise are within 50m from the track centerline of No.2 line and 25m of No.4 line. The residents file a strong complaints whenever the noise level exceeds the 80dB (A) , and an occasional complaints between 70 to 80 dB(A). The distribution of high level noise of 80 dB(A) occurs within 25m from the track centerline of the overbridge, 12.5m of the short steel bridge, and about loom of the long steel bridge such as Dangsan Bridge. The intermediate noise level of 70 to 80 dB(A) is recorded within 50m from the overbridge, U-type retaining structure, and short steel structure, and 280m from the long steel bridge. The results presented in this paper can be used to understand the characteristics of the noise pollution along the Seoul Subway now In operation, and used as a guide to improve the existing noise pollution problems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze the current status of government-designated cultural heritage that are protected as sacred natural sites, focused on natural monuments and scenic sites, and provide basic research for these cultural heritage to be included in the protected area category. First, among natural cultural heritage that are designated and protected by Cultural heritage Protection Law, there are 40 scenic sites and 126 natural monuments that have been selected as sacred nature sites. Second, the study showed that sacred nature sites are sacred places that have been long associated with happiness and misfortune of the villagers, including Dangsan Forest, Seunghwanglim(Forest), and, as physical environment and combination of cultural value, rules, and attitude and belief system toward the land that protect the people. The unique folk beliefs of the region provide strong protection of the place. Third, although the natural monuments of old and large trees are not included in the protected area as they are recognized sparsely, but can be designated as world protected area as protected areas are set around sacred nature sites. Fourth, in order to be included in IUCN category, sacred natural sites of scenic sites will need to be managed by specific categories of each area according to the interior status of the designated areas and maintain the sustainability of the natural heritage by protecting both physical and spiritual elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.27-46
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• 2023

This study examines the possibility of applying Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) to natural heritage sites that are not designated as protected areas for the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). Firstly, the study investigated the ecological and cultural characteristics associated with a natural heritage site, specifically the natural monument known as Dangsanmok, and synthesized the collected information to assess its conservation value. Subsequently, the study examined the possibility of designating Dangsanmok as an OECM that reflects local communities through the criteria of the IUCN's individual assessment tools. The research findings indicate that Dangsanmok and the associated Dangsanje system are positively evaluated as potential OECMs. Additionally, initiatives such as the "Dangsan Tree Grandfather Program" and the "National Heritage Folk Event Grant Program," implemented by the Cultural Heritage Administration, are seen to have a positive impact on engaging local communities voluntarily. Consequently, based on these results, it is expected that natural heritage sites like Dangsanmok, serving as national indicators, will contribute to the 2030 goals for biodiversity conservation and the 2050 goals for harmonious coexistence with nature as part of NBSAPs.