• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.521-543
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• 2015

Depending on the damage type as well as the level of damage observed after the earthquake, certain measures should be taken for the damaged buildings. In this study, structural repairing of two different types of damaged RC beam-column assembly by carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets is investigated in detail as a member repairing technique. Two types of 1:1 scale test specimens, which represent the exterior RC beam-column connection taken from inflection points of the frame, are utilized. The first specimen is designed according to the current Turkish Earthquake Code, whereas the second one represents a deficient RC beam-column assembly. Both of the specimens were subjected to cyclic quasistatic loading in the laboratory and different levels of structural damage were observed. The first specimen displayed a ductile response with the damage concentrated in the beam. However, in the second specimen, the beam-column joint was severely damaged while the rest of the members did not attain their capacities. Depending on the damage type of the specimens, the damaged members were repaired by CFRP wrapping with different configurations. After testing the repaired specimens, it is found that former capacities of the damaged members were mostly recovered by the application of CFRPs on the damaged members.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.723-736
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• 2019

The efficacy of a technique for the rehabilitation and strengthening of RC beam-column connections damaged due to cyclic loading was investigated. The repair mainly uses epoxy resin infused under pressure into the damaged region to retrieved back the lost capacity and then strengthening using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for capacity enhancement. Three common types of reduced scale RC exterior beam-column connections namely (a) beam-column connection with beam weak in flexure (BWF) (b) beam-column connections with beam weak in shear (BWS) and (c) beam-column connections with column weak in shear (CWS) subjected to reversed cyclic loading were considered for the experimental investigation. The rehabilitated and strengthened specimens were also subjected to similar cyclic displacement. Important parameters related to seismic capacity such as strength, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation, and ductility were evaluated. The rehabilitated connections exhibited equal or better performance and hence the adopted rehabilitation strategies could be considered as satisfactory. Confinement of damaged region using FRP sheet significantly enhanced the seismic capacity of the connections.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.285-299
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• 2006

The free vibration of stiffened and damaged coupled shear walls is investigated using the mixed finite element method. The anisotropic damage model is adopted to describe the damage extent of the reinforced concrete shear wall element. The internal energy of a locally damaged shear wall element is derived. Polynomial shape functions established by Kwan are used to present the component of displacements vector on each point within the wall element. The principle of virtual work is employed to deduce the stiffness matrix of a damaged shear wall element. The stiffened system is reinforced by an additional stiffening beam at some level of the structure. This induces additional axial forces, and thus reduces the bending moments in the walls and the lateral deflection, and increases the natural frequencies. The effects of the damage extent and the stiffening beam on the free vibration characteristics of the structure are studied. The optimal location of the stiffening beam for increasing as far as possible the first natural frequency of vibration is presented.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2015

In this study, free vibration analyses of symmetric laminated cantilever and simply supported damaged composite beams are investigated by using finite element method (FEM). Free vibration responses of damaged beams are examined using Euler Bernoulli beam and classical lamination theories. A computer code is developed by using MATLAB software to determine the natural frequencies of a damaged beam. The local damage zone is assumed to be on the surface lamina of the beam by broken fibers after impact. The damaged zone is modeled as a unidirectional discontinuous lamina with $0^{\circ}$ orientations in this study. Fiber volume fraction ($v_f$), fiber aspect ratio ($L_f/d_f$), damage length ($L_D$) and its location (${\lambda}/L$), fiber orientation and stacking sequence parameters effects on natural frequencies are investigated. These parameters are affected the natural frequency values significantly.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

In this thesis, appearance inspection, compressive strength of concrete test, arrangement of bar inspection, survey, and bearing stress analysis were performed on a damaged coping of reinforced concrete pier to investigate the damage cause. According to the performed a series of inspections, it was found that the coping of pier was damaged during PSC (Pre-stressed Concrete) beam construction. In this thesis, the repair method for damaged pier was studied. The repair procedure used in this thesis was follows : chipping for damaged part, clean by high-pressure, installation of wire mesh, coating of surface hardening, construction of section restoration material, copula grinding, and prevent coating for far-infrared radiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

This study investigated the change in stiffness and deflection of a scaffold working plate caused by damage to a cross-beam in the plate. Experiments were conducted considering various load and damage conditions of cross-beams. A cross-beam falling off from the working plate was considered damaged. The load-displacement curves of specimens at the center of the uniform load showed that the working plate stiffness decreased by 14.66%-1.89%, depending on the load interval due to the damage of one cross-beam. A reduction in the stiffness of 33.94%-40.76% resulted from the damage of two cross-beams. Moreover, the displacement increased by an average of 25% when one cross-beam was damaged and an average of 65% when two cross-beams were damaged. Therefore, damage to the cross-beam in the working plate can potentially cause accidents and harm workers. As the load increases, the risk of an accident due to the aforementioned damage also increases because the stiffness remarkably decreases with the load increase. Further, the damage to the cross-beam mainly reduces the stiffness but increases the displacement rather than the strength of the working scaffold plate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.319-324
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• 1995

Strengthening a damaged structure by bonding steel plate on the surface of cracked structural members have been widely accepted for strengthening the structural components Recently, however, caron fiber sheets have been developed in order to achive more effective way of strengthening damaged structures due to their superior material properties to those of conventionally used steel plates in terms of their lighter unit weight and higher tensile strength. It has been reported that when both methods are applied to a damaged beam element, flexural strength and its stiffness of a beam increase and the rate of crack development as well as crack width and edflection under service loads are reduced, In this study some experiments are performed in order to comparetively observe the structural properties of the damaged beams which are either strengthened with different lengths of steel plates or with carbon sheets on the crack propagation, failure mechanisms, and load-deflection charateristics under the fatigue loadings.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.361-377
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• 2020

In the present research work, the effectiveness and the efficiency of a retrofitting approach using a layer of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) jacket for damaged substandard exterior beam-column joints (BCJs) is experimentally investigated. The main objective of this study is to rehabilitate the already damaged BCJs to meet the serviceability requirements without compromising safety. According to the proposed strengthening technique, a chipped surface, lightly brushed with a dry condition was selected for making a successful bond between normal concrete substrate surface (NCSS) and UHPFRC. Then a fresh UHPFRC jacket with a thickness of 30 mm was cast around the damaged specimens. The entire test matrix was comprised of three 1/3 scale damaged exterior BCJs with a different column axial load (CAL). These specimens were repaired with UHPFRC and retested under monotonic loading. Based on the experimental results, repaired specimens showed an excellent performance in terms of their load-displacement response, maximum strength, displacement ductility, initial stiffness, secant stiffness and energy dissipation capacity when compared with the corresponding values registered when these specimens were tested in their virgin state. This rehabilitative intervention not only restored the strength, stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of severely damaged specimens but also improved their performance.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.161-184
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• 2021

Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer plates/sheets technique has become widespread in the last two decades. Although a great deal of research has been conducted on simply supported RC beams, a few studies have been carried out on continuous beams strengthened with FRP composites. This paper presents a simple uniaxial nonlinear analytical model that is able to accurately estimate the load carrying capacity and the behaviour of damaged RC continuous beams flexural strengthened with externally bonded prestressed composite plates on both of the upper and lower fibers, taking into account the thermal load. The model is based on equilibrium and deformations compatibility requirements in and all parts of the strengthened beam, i.e., the damaged concrete beam, the FRP plate and the adhesive layer. The flexural analysis results and analytical predictions for the prestressed composite strengthened damaged RC continuous beams were compared and showed very good agreement in terms of the debonding load, yield load, and ultimate load. The use of composite materials increased the ultimate load capacity compared with the non strengthened beams. The major objective of the current model is to help engineers' model FRP strengthened RC continuous beams in a simple manner. Finally, this research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behaviour of the interface and design of the FRP-damaged RC hybrid structures.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.121-136
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• 2024

In recent times, there has been a growing need to retrofit and strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) structures that have been damaged. Numerous studies have explored various methods for strengthening RC beams. However, there is a significant dearth of research investigating the utilization of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) for retrofitting damaged RC beams within a concrete frame. This study aims to develop a finite element (FE) model capable of accurately simulating the nonlinear behavior of RC beams and subsequently implementing it in an RC concrete frame. The RC frame is subjected to loading until failure at two distinct degrees, followed by retrofitting and strengthening using Ultra high performance shotcrete (UHPS) through two different methods. The results indicate the successful simulation of the load-displacement curve and crack patterns by the FE model, aligning well with experimental observations. Novel techniques for reinforcing deteriorated concrete frame structures through ABAQUS are introduced. The second strengthening method notably improves both the load-carrying capacity and initial stiffness of the load-displacement curve. By incorporating embedded rebars in the frame's columns, the beam's load-carrying capacity is enhanced by up to 31% compared to cases without embedding. These findings indicate the potential for improving the design of strengthening methods for damaged RC beams and utilizing the FE model to predict the strengthening capacity of UHPS for damaged concrete structures.