• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.100-104
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• 2008

Generally, it is difficult to find constant patterns on identifiers in a container image, since the identifiers are not normalized in color, size, and position, etc. and their shapes are damaged by external environmental factors. This paper distinguishes identifier areas from background noises and removes noises by using an ART2-based quantization method and general morphological information on the identifiers such as color, size, ratio of height to width, and a distance from other identifiers. Individual identifier is extracted by applying the 8-directional contour tracking method to each identifier area. This paper proposes a refined ART2-based RBF network and applies it to the recognition of identifiers. Through experiments with 300 container images, the proposed algorithm showed more improved accuracy of recognizing container identifiers than the others proposed previously, in spite of using shorter training time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.83-87
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• 2002

Aerospace industries are widely using honeycomb sandwich structures that it has high specific strength and stiffness, chemical material resistance and fatigue resistance. But, in repairing process of damaged areas, one of the problems is that delamination can be occurred in the sound areas during and/or after the exposure to the elevated curing temperature in case that the repair process is repeated. Therefore, this study was conducted Flatwise tensile, Drum peel and Long beam flexural strength tests to evaluate the degree of degradation of mechanical properties of the honeycomb sandwich structures by affecting thermal aging. As the results, the decrease of mechanical strength was observed at the specific specimen which is exposed over 50hrs at $127^{\circ}C$.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.345-357
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• 2004

In the 1990s, four strong typhoons hit the Kyushu area of Japan and inflicted severe damage on power transmission facilities, houses, and so on. Maximum gust speeds exceeding 60 m/s were recorded in central Kyushu. Although the wind speeds were very high, the gust factors were over 2.0. No meteorological stations are located in mountainous areas, creating a deficiency of meteorological station data in the area where the towers were damaged. Since 1995 the authors have operated a network for wind measurement, NeWMeK, that measures wind speed and direction, covering these mountainous areas, segmenting the Kyushu area into high density arrays. Maximum gusts exceeding 70 m/s were measured at several NeWMeK sites when Typhoon Bart (1999) approached. The gust factors varied widely in southerly winds. The mean wind speeds increased due to effects of the local terrain, thus further increasing gust speeds.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.395-398
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• 2008

There was heavy rains that happened for 23 days consecutively in 2006. Many regions have suffered because of rains and among them In-Je and Pyung-Chang area are the most suffered areas at that time. I conducted field survey at those two regions. The case of other damaged regions also reviewed in this paper and volunteer activity of volunteer groups is reviewed. I intended to make clear the volunteer activity system through analysing need capacity of volunteers. Main suggestions are as below. In management system, the nexts are discussed. Improving the ability of village headmen and volunteer groups that manage relief stuffs at the first level and cooperating method with companies are discussed. Supporting system for isolated regions and necessity about developing operating manual are suggested. In education system, specialized education for different disaster areas, field orientation education, and training managerial positions are suggested. In supporting system, improving NDMS(National Disaster Management System), computerized program for volunteer management, insurance for volunteers, issuing a confirmation of volunteering activity, securement of emergency communication system, budget for prevention and donation are also suggested.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.533-542
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• 2005

Objectives : In this study, aged BCAO rats were used to observe the effect of Bupleuri Radix on brain ischemic injury because aging is an important factor in storke. Methods : The brain ischemic injury was induced by temporary closing carotids on both sides in a low blood pressure state, and Bupleuri Radix was orally administered to 18 month-old BCAO rats. The ischemic damaged hippocampus and c-Fos and c-Jun expression were analyzed by the immunohistochemical staining. Result and Conclusions : Results are summarized as fellows; 1. The c-Fos expression after inducing a brain ischemic injury in the hippocampus was more inhibited in the experimental group than in the control group. 2. The normalized optical density of c-Fos expression was more reduced in cornu ammonis(CA)1, dentate gyrus(DG) areas in the experimental group than in the control group. 3. The c-Jun expression after inducing a brain ischemic injury in the hippocampus was more inhibited in the experimental group than in the control group. 4. The normalized optical density of c-Jun expression was more reduced in CA1 and DG areas in the experimental group than in the control group.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1991

Sulfur dioxide discharged from the factories in Yeochun industrial complex severely damaged to the growth of oyster mushrooms. The continuous monitoring indicated that high concentration of sulfur dioxide was repeatedly detected in Kwang-Yang and Seung-Ju. The first injury symptoms on the mushroom fruit bodies were observed a day later when sulfur dioxide was detected over 300 ppb. Under the high concentration of sulfur dioxide exposure, the young fruit bodies showed blight and sudden death and the mature fruit bodies turned to blue-brown and frequently progressed to blight. The symptoms at Spring cropping were more severe than those at Autumn cropping. The severity was associated with the frequency of sulfur dioxide monitored. However, sulfur content in the mushroom fruit bodies and culture media did not show clear differences between the injured mushroom from Yeochun industrial complex areas and normal ones from no damaged areas.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.563-571
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• 2010

In carrying out the prior review on environmental conditions for basic plan of public waters reclamation, the important item is review on conditions of location on prearranged reclaimed land. In this study, environmental assessment which needs careful consideration in the first stage of selecting location is presented by analyzing environmental impact assessment on public waters reclamation projects for about 10 years. The assessment index for alternative comparison is divided into two parts according to importance level. What is most important in alternative comparison is the comparison on direct influence due to reclamation. In other words, it figures out damaged extent of natural shoreline as well as intertidal and infralittoral zones. Comparing influence extent due to reclamation through the 1st comparison on this is regarded as to be important. In case there is no significant difference by alternatives through the 1st assessment, the 2nd assessment should be carried out. In the 2nd assessment indexes are damaged quantity of benthic organism, change in seawater current, erosion, accumulation and exchangeable rate of seawater. The plan for selecting optimal location which minimizes environmental influence in establishing public waters reclamation plan is demonstrated through model cases. For this, 3 districts which have similar environment and scale are selected, and then comparison on location alternative is made through environmental assessment index. In addition, the comparison on 3 arrangement alternatives are conducted, targeting certain areas. It is thought that carrying out comparison review on respective areas in the same cities and counties, not merely comparing arrangement plan by selecting 1 targeting area in advance, is the most appropriate. Besides, selection of arrangement plan considering environment, which minimizes damage of natural shoreline and influence due to change of seawater current is required in alternative comparison on arrangement plan as well. In case of the prior review on environmental conditions though alternative comparison method presented in this study is carried out, it is safely said that the influence on ocean environment due to public waters reclamation can be minimized.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.5
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• pp.593-601
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• 2009

Forest disturbances including forest fire, insect pests and diseases, landslides, and forest conversion from 1976 to 2005 were investigated to trace the changes of major forest disturbance agents and their characteristics over time in accordance with changes in natural and social environment in South Korea. While the damaged area by insect pests and diseases continuously decreased for the past 30 years, damaged areas by forest fire and landslide were fluctuating through years. The interval of large forest fires has become shorter with increased tree volume. The precipitation between January and April were significantly correlated with large fire occurrences as Pearson's correlation coefficient -0.400 (P=0.029). The composition of major insect pests and diseases damaging Korean forests has been changed continuously, and become more diversified. While damages by pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis) and pine needle gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis) decreased, damage by introduced pests has been more serious recently. The change of precipitation pattern that brought more localized heavy rain or powerful typhoon resulted in the recent increase in landslide areas. The major land uses to induce forest conversion have been changed, reflecting the changes in industrial structure in South Korea as agriculture and mining in 1970s, mining and golf ranges classified in pasture in 1980s, and road and housing construction in 1990s and 2000s. Changes in forest disturbance patterns in South Korea show that a country's industrial development is jointly working with global warming on forest stand dynamics. Altering energy structure and land use pattern induced by industrial development accumulates forest volume and reforms microenvironments on forest floor, interacting with climate change, inducing shorter interval of large forest fire and changes in major species composition of forest insect pests and diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.14 no.1 s.35
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• pp.13-19
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• 2006

When investigating the damage of a forest fire, quite a few are depending on the naked eye observation. However, if the damage spreads to another area, it is easy to use the satellite images because it is hard to reach all the damaged areas on foot. From this research, we did a statistical interpretation of after fire using satellite image data to classify the damage on first and second factor analysis. As a result, it was more easier to classify the river's plants and ridges between rice fields that were in the forest fire damage area in the second observation then the first observation. Also, we could classify the area by areas that were damaged more or less using the second factor analysis. To verify this, we used the forest fire images collected from the satellite images and the actual survey data collected from spectral radiometer to see if these two datawere correlated and as a result we found out that they were highly involved.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 2021

Pine wilt disease first appeared in Busan in 1998; it is a serious disease that causes enormous damage to pine trees. The Korean government enacted a special law on the control of pine wilt disease in 2005, which controls and prohibits the movement of pine trees in affected areas. However, existing forecasting and control methods have physical and economic challenges in reducing pine wilt disease that occurs simultaneously and radically in mountainous terrain. In this study, the authors present the use of a deep learning object recognition and prediction method based on visual materials using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to effectively detect trees suspected of being infected with pine wilt disease. In order to observe pine wilt disease, an orthomosaic was produced using image data acquired through aerial shots. As a result, 198 damaged trees were identified, while 84 damaged trees were identified in field surveys that excluded areas with inaccessible steep slopes and cliffs. Analysis using image segmentation (SegNet) and image detection (YOLOv2) obtained a performance value of 0.57 and 0.77, respectively.