• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.989-995
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper was to enable patients, who suffer from muscle damage. to return to their normal activities as soon as possible. With this in mind. this experiment was carried out to make an analysis of a variety of ingredients subjected to changes when muscle damage or muscle soreness was treated with aceclofenac, NSAID, and to find out what effect the anti-inflammation produced in relation to such symptoms. It made use of male rats (Sprague-Dawely) as subjects. It carried out two kinds of experiments: one was a preliminary experiment from March 15, 2001 to March 20, 2001 and the other was a main experiment from March 30, 2001 to April 15, 2001. Each group was composed of five rats. In case of DOMS. it worked with eight male adults from April 20. 2001 to April 30, 2001. It have come up with the following conclusions: 1. The leucocytes and erythrocytes of the experiment group were decreasing with the lapse of time in comparison with those of the contrast group. And a decrease in the number of hemoglobin had remarkably statistic significance (P<0.05). 2. Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Monocyte decreased in 36, 24, 12 and 24 hours, respectively, which means that they had a significant difference(P<0.05). 3. CPK and LDH were reduced remarkably through the whole time slot in comparison with the contrast group, and had statistic significance(P<0.05). The findings above show that anti-inflammations cure bruises or damage or myalgia in a shorter period of time than the normal recovery of other treatment.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Recently, there have been reports of severe symptoms of wear in bearings due to foreign substances mixed in lubricants. Therefore, studying the effects of foreign substances (such as combustion products and metallic debris) on the wear characteristics of journal bearings and proposing appropriate management standards for lubricant cleanliness have become necessary. Studies on the effect of particle size and concentration of foreign substances on surface damage have actively progressed in the recent times. These studies indicate the possibility of foreign substances causing direct wear of bearing surfaces. However, experiments conducted until now involve only basic tests such as the Pin-on-Disk test instead of those involving real bearing systems. This study experimentally examines the damage to the surface of a journal bearing due to foreign substances (combustion products and alumina) mixed with the lubricant, as well as the effect of the type and size of particles on its wear characteristics. The study uses an experimental journal bearing similar to a real bearing system for conducting the lubrication test. Hydrodynamic Lubrication (HL) numerical analysis, experiment results, and film parameters are used for calculating the operating conditions required for achieving the desired film thickness, and the results of the analysis are modified for considering the surface roughness. The run-time of the experiment is 10 min including the stabilization process. The experiment results show that alumina particles larger than the minimum film thickness cause significant surface damage.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.273-279
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• 2014

Purpose: This study assessed the association between eye symptoms (enophthalmos or diplopia) and site of damage, volume, deviated inferior rectus muscle (IRM) and type of fracture with computed tomography (CT). The intent is to anticipate the prognosis of orbital trauma at initial diagnosis. Methods: Forty-five patients were diagnosed with fractures of the inferior wall of one orbit. Fracture area, volume of displaced tissue, deviated IRM, and type of fracture were evaluated from coronal CT by one investigator. The association of those variables with the occurrence of eye symptoms (diplopia and enophthalmos) was assessed. Results: Of 45 patients, 27 were symptom-free (Group A) and 18 had symptoms (Group B) of enophthalmos and/or diplopia. In Group B, 12 had diplopia, one was enophthalmos, and five had both. By CT measurement, group A mean area was $192.6mm^2$ and the mean volume was $673.2mm^3$. Group B area was $316.2mm^2$ and volume was $1,710.6mm^3$. The volume was more influential on symptom occurrence. Each patient was categorized into four grades depending on the location of IRM. Symptom occurrence and higher grade were associated. Twenty-six patients had trap-door fracture (one side, attached to the fracture), and 19 had punched-out fracture (both sides detached). The punched-out fracture was more strongly associated with symptoms and had statistically significantly higher area and volume. Conclusion: In orbital trauma, measurement of fracture area and volume, evaluation of the deviated IRM and classification of the fracture type by coronal CT can effectively predict prognosis and surgical indication.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2005

Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a chronic disease that affects the skin. "Atopic" refers to a group of diseases where there is often an inherited tendency to develop other allergic conditions, such as asthma and hay fever. In AD, symptoms vary from person to person. The most common symptoms are dry, itchy skin and rashes on the face, inside the elbows and behind the knees, and on the hands and feet. Although AD may occur at any age, it most often begins in infancy and childhood. The cause of AD is not known, but the disease seems to result from a combination of hereditary and environmental factors along with malfunction of the body's immune system. In contrast to that, the results from literatual study in oriental medicine are as follows; 1. The causes of AD are considered to be Mosusigisadok(母受時氣毒), Waegampoongsubyeol(外感風濕熱), Guasiksinlayeolmul(過食辛辣熱物), Ohbokonje(誤服溫劑). 2. The symptoms are fever, flushed face, red eyes, oliguria, constipation and itching. 3. Chungyeolhaedok(淸熱解毒) would be the basic method of treatment, and it divides into two categories; Subhyung(濕型) and Gunhyung(乾型). In Subhyung(濕型), AD is treated by Josub(燥濕), Chungyeol(淸熱) and Jiyang(止痒) whereas Chungyeol(淸熱), Jiyang(止痒), Jesub(除濕) in Gunhyung(乾型). 4. To prevent further damage and enhance quality of life, it is necessary to keep the temperature and humidity favorable, and healing the skin and keeping it healthy are important. Developing and sticking with a daily skin care routine is critical to preventing flares. Changing the diet and psychological stability may also be helpful to relieve symptoms of AD.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2019

Background: Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) is associated with a variety of symptoms. Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are considered to be the gold standard of nerve damage assessments, but these studies are often dissociated from the subjective symptoms observed in DPN patients. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the correlations between NCS parameters and neuropathic symptoms quantified using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without symptoms of neuropathy were retrospectively enrolled. Demographic data, clinical laboratory data, MNSI score, and NCS results were collected for analysis; DPN was diagnosed based on the MNSI score (${\geq}3.0$) and abnormal NCS results. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationships between MNSI score and NCS variables. Results: The final analyses included 198 patients (115 men and 83 women) with a mean age of $62.6{\pm}12.7$ years and a mean duration of diabetes of $12.7{\pm}8.4$ years. The mean MNSI score was 2.8 (range, 0.0-9.0), and 69 patients (34.8%) were diagnosed with DPN. The MNSI score was positively correlated with the median motor nerve latency and negatively correlated with the median motor, ulnar sensory, peroneal, tibial, and sural nerve conduction velocities (NCVs). When the patients were categorized into quartiles according to MNSI score, peroneal nerve conduction velocity was significantly lower in the second MNSI quartile than in the first MNSI quartile (p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that the peroneal NCV was independently associated with MNSI score after adjusting for age, sex, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Conclusions: The present results indicate that a decrease in peroneal NCV was responsible for early sensory deficits in T2DM patients.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

This study aimed to help the college students majoring in beauty to have interests and manage the functional areas of scalp and hair by accurately identifying the condition of scalp and hair and realizing the convergence management habit and subjective symptoms for the condition. The study conducted a survey on 160 beauty major college universities in their 20s living in the Jeonnam area by asking the subjects to directly write the answers. The study found that many subjects had combination type of scalps and hair problems of split ends and thin hair, and recognized that their hair was damaged. They answered that frequent dyeing and perm caused the damage and they were using the shampoo for damaged hair to prevent hair damage. Regarding the observable symptoms on scalp and hair, it was identified that self-perception was higher as the interest in scalp was high, which influenced age and sleeping time.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2002

Acute autonomic neuropathy is a rare disease. Since the first case was reported by Young et.al., in 1969, a number of similar cases have been described, with some variation of the accompanied neurologic deficits. Acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy(AASN) is characterized by the acute onset of autonomic dysfunction and sensory disturbances. A 16-year-old girl experienced high fever($40^{\circ}C$) and erythematous rash on whole trunk and face followed by pain and sensory loss over the whole body, dysphagia, ataxia, urinary retention, and postural hypotension. There was no evidence of limb weakness. The electrophysiologic studies of this patient revealed sensory polyneuropathy and the various autonomic function test showed autonomic dysfunction. The recovery of her autonomic and sensory symptoms is incomplete, three months after the onset of the symptoms. The etiology of the acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy is not known. Most previous authors have suggested the dysautonomia may be an acute immunological damage to peripheral fibers of the autonomic nervous system. We report a case of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 1996

Methanol has been widely used as an industrial solvent and environmental exposure to methanol would be expected to be increasing. In humans, methanol causes metabolic acidosis and damage to ocular system, and can lead to death in severe and untreated case. Clinical symptoms are attributed to accumulation of forrnic acid which is a metabolic product of methanol. In humans and primates, formic acid is accumulated after methanol intake but not in rodents due to the rapid metabolism of methanol. Neverthless, the developmental and reproductive toxicity were reported in rodents. Previous reports showed that perinatal exposure to ethanol produces a variety of damage in human central nervous system by direct neurotoxicity. This suggests that the mechanism of toxic symptoms by methanol in rodents might mimic that of ethanol in human. In the present study I hypothesized that methanol can also induce toxicity in neuronal cells. For the study, primary culture of rat hippocampal neurons and glias were empolyed. Hippocampal cells were prepared from the embryonic day-17 fetuses and maintained up to 7 days. Effect of methanol (10, 100, 500 and 1000 mM) on neurite outgrowth and cell viability was investigated at 0, 18 and 24 hours following methanol treatment. To study the changes in proliferation of glial cells, protein content was measured at 7 days. Neuronal cell viability in culture was not altered during 0-24 hours after methanol treatment. 10 and 100 mM methanol treatment significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth between 18-24 hours. 7-day exposure to 10 or 100 mM methanol significantly increased protein contents but that to 1000 mM methanol decreased in culture. In conclusion, methanol may have a variety of effects on growing and differentiation of neurons and glial cells in hippocampus. Treatment with low concentration of methanol caused that neurite outgrowth was enhanced during 18-24 hours and the numbers of glial cell were increased for 7 days. High concentration of methanol brought about decreased protein contents. At present, the mechanism responsible for the methanol- induced enhancement of neurite outgrowth is not clear. Further studies are required to delineate the mechanism possibly by employing molecular biological techniques.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2019

In order to research the pathological entity of Jueyin disease in ${\ll}Shanghanlun{\gg}$, some sharing concept of three-yin-three-yang used in ${\ll}Neijing{\gg}$ and ${\ll}Shanghanlun{\gg}$ were investigated first, and then the meaning of jueyin and jueyin disease were analyzed. In cold damage disease, time-space factor is important because the pathological change is rapid and the symptoms along path are similar, therefore three-yin-three-yang having complex meaning of time and space can be used as an appropriate pathological concept. So to speak, it is able to be interpreted as various modes like variations of yin-yang, qi-blood, change of pulse condition, theories of opening, closing, pivot or exuberance and debilitation of form and qi manifested in the six districts of the human body following disease process. Jueyin is between front taiyin and rear shaoyin, and it's attribution is inherent in qi stagnation and yin exuberance in relative to the location of flank and liver. Putting together above descriptions, pathological entity of jueyin disease is that the symptoms mingled with cold and stagnant heat competing each other when a subject having qi stagnation in flank with cold in extremities and lower abdomen in particular is seized with cold influenza.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Silver-grey or dark brown scaring, or dark brown discolored damages caused by the yellow tea thrip, $Scirtothrips$ $dorsalis$ Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) have occurred on citrus fruits cultivated in the open field in east-south area orchards of Jeju Island since 2007. The weekly population of yellow tea thrips adults caught with a yellow sticky trap increased gradually from early May and peaked in late August, 2009. In 2010 and 2011, the most population was in early October. The yellow tea thrips of some species usually dominated from July in open citrus fields, and seven generations, at least, had occurred from May to late October 2009 by a yellow sticky trap survey. In 2009, $S.$ $dorsalis$ larva were observed from July and with peaks from late August to mid September and early October on citrus fruits. The damage symptoms appeared in the mid September. In 2011, the population peaks were in early July and late September, and the symptoms increased continually from mid July to late October. The symptoms were silver-scars or initial dark discolorations and then gradually changed to dark-brown discolorations or dark-brown scars. The percent of damaged fruits were 0.9%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 2.7% in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively, by survey in 64 typical orchards in Jeju Island. We are the first to report symptoms of the yellow tea thrip ($Scirtothrips$ $dotsalis$) on citrus fruits.