• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2004

The following are the conclusions obtained by the philological study of the prescriptions introduced in Dongeuybogam such as Pyungwuisan, Pyungwuisan-added prescriptions, Pyungwuisan blended prescriptions: 1. Pyungwuisan and drugs based on Pyungwuisan were prescribed for stomach diseases, food poisoning, indigestion, impaired spleen, symptoms developed by dampness, diseases caused by changing water, diarrhea, edema, malignant malaria, an intestinal convulsion, blood in excrement, malaria, abortion, sparrow eye. 2. Dual prescriptions using Pyungwuisan and other independent prescriptions were applied to internal diseases concerning digestion, diarrhea and dysentery, abscess, intestinal swelling jaundice, symptoms developed by dampness, malaria, vomit, etc. 3. Etiological factors and diseases for which Pyungwuisan and medicines based on Pyungwuisan, dual prescriptions using Pyungwuisan were prescribed, were surveyed to include indigestion, weak spleen and stomach, drying dampness of spleen and stomach, dysfunctioning gall bladder, infection, damaged internals, external sensitiveness and internal damage, hypochondria, chilliness due to lack of chi. 4. A prescription for each disease needed specially added medicines to Pyungwuisan as the following: 1) For indigestion and dyspepsia, Pyungwuisan were prescribed with optional addition of Hoisaengsan, Sagunjatang, Ryukgunjatang, Ijintang, Sosihotang, etc., according to the symptoms, and were most frequently used with aromatic and digestive medicines such as mawwa medivata fermentata, malt, natgrass galingale rhizome, vilous amomum fruit, aucklandia root, round cardamom seed etc. 2) For diseases originated from damage by coldness, Pyungwuisan was taken with suitable amount of Jichulhwan, Hyangsosan, Hyangyusan, according to the symptoms. 3) For diarrhea and dysentery, Pyungwuisan were prescribed with the recipes of Oryeongsan, Sambaektang, Ijintang. 4) For jaundice, prescriptions always included natgrass galingale rhizome in the recipe of Pyungwuisan. 5) For malaria, mostly added prescriptions to Pyungwuisan were Sagunjatang, Ryukgunjatang, Ijintang, with usual addition of antifebrile dichroa root, tsaoko, green tangerine orange peel. 6) Pyungwuisan was prescribed with Hoisaengsan for vomit, with Oryeongsan for edema, and with kinds of Ueolgukhwan for hypochondria.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.400-406
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• 1995

Interstitial pneumonitis may be the presenting manifestation of polymyositis-dermatomyositis (PM-DM), or may occur later in the evolution of disease. The clinical picture is characterized by non-productive cough, dyspnea and hypoxemia. The chest radiograph demonstrates interstitial infiltrates with predilection for the lung bases, often with an alveolar pattern in addition. We experienced a case of polymyositis associated with diffuse alveolar damage(DAD) that was proven in open lung biopsy. The patient was a 52 year-old woman who was presented with 6 months' duration of generalized ache, edema on ankle and wrist, non-productive cough and mild dyspnea. She had typical symptoms and physical findings of interstitial pneuminitis, and elevated muscle enzyme levels in serum with characteristic histologic findings of myositis on muscle biopsy. She also had typical interstitial lung disease pattern on high resolution CT and restrictive pattern on pulmonary function tests. The findings of open lung biopsy was compatible with diffuse alveolar damage(DAD). She failed to respond to the therapeutic trials with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide, and finally expired due to acute respiratory distress syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.989-995
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper was to enable patients, who suffer from muscle damage. to return to their normal activities as soon as possible. With this in mind. this experiment was carried out to make an analysis of a variety of ingredients subjected to changes when muscle damage or muscle soreness was treated with aceclofenac, NSAID, and to find out what effect the anti-inflammation produced in relation to such symptoms. It made use of male rats (Sprague-Dawely) as subjects. It carried out two kinds of experiments: one was a preliminary experiment from March 15, 2001 to March 20, 2001 and the other was a main experiment from March 30, 2001 to April 15, 2001. Each group was composed of five rats. In case of DOMS. it worked with eight male adults from April 20. 2001 to April 30, 2001. It have come up with the following conclusions: 1. The leucocytes and erythrocytes of the experiment group were decreasing with the lapse of time in comparison with those of the contrast group. And a decrease in the number of hemoglobin had remarkably statistic significance (P<0.05). 2. Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Monocyte decreased in 36, 24, 12 and 24 hours, respectively, which means that they had a significant difference(P<0.05). 3. CPK and LDH were reduced remarkably through the whole time slot in comparison with the contrast group, and had statistic significance(P<0.05). The findings above show that anti-inflammations cure bruises or damage or myalgia in a shorter period of time than the normal recovery of other treatment.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Recently, there have been reports of severe symptoms of wear in bearings due to foreign substances mixed in lubricants. Therefore, studying the effects of foreign substances (such as combustion products and metallic debris) on the wear characteristics of journal bearings and proposing appropriate management standards for lubricant cleanliness have become necessary. Studies on the effect of particle size and concentration of foreign substances on surface damage have actively progressed in the recent times. These studies indicate the possibility of foreign substances causing direct wear of bearing surfaces. However, experiments conducted until now involve only basic tests such as the Pin-on-Disk test instead of those involving real bearing systems. This study experimentally examines the damage to the surface of a journal bearing due to foreign substances (combustion products and alumina) mixed with the lubricant, as well as the effect of the type and size of particles on its wear characteristics. The study uses an experimental journal bearing similar to a real bearing system for conducting the lubrication test. Hydrodynamic Lubrication (HL) numerical analysis, experiment results, and film parameters are used for calculating the operating conditions required for achieving the desired film thickness, and the results of the analysis are modified for considering the surface roughness. The run-time of the experiment is 10 min including the stabilization process. The experiment results show that alumina particles larger than the minimum film thickness cause significant surface damage.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.273-279
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• 2014

Purpose: This study assessed the association between eye symptoms (enophthalmos or diplopia) and site of damage, volume, deviated inferior rectus muscle (IRM) and type of fracture with computed tomography (CT). The intent is to anticipate the prognosis of orbital trauma at initial diagnosis. Methods: Forty-five patients were diagnosed with fractures of the inferior wall of one orbit. Fracture area, volume of displaced tissue, deviated IRM, and type of fracture were evaluated from coronal CT by one investigator. The association of those variables with the occurrence of eye symptoms (diplopia and enophthalmos) was assessed. Results: Of 45 patients, 27 were symptom-free (Group A) and 18 had symptoms (Group B) of enophthalmos and/or diplopia. In Group B, 12 had diplopia, one was enophthalmos, and five had both. By CT measurement, group A mean area was $192.6mm^2$ and the mean volume was $673.2mm^3$. Group B area was $316.2mm^2$ and volume was $1,710.6mm^3$. The volume was more influential on symptom occurrence. Each patient was categorized into four grades depending on the location of IRM. Symptom occurrence and higher grade were associated. Twenty-six patients had trap-door fracture (one side, attached to the fracture), and 19 had punched-out fracture (both sides detached). The punched-out fracture was more strongly associated with symptoms and had statistically significantly higher area and volume. Conclusion: In orbital trauma, measurement of fracture area and volume, evaluation of the deviated IRM and classification of the fracture type by coronal CT can effectively predict prognosis and surgical indication.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2005

Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a chronic disease that affects the skin. "Atopic" refers to a group of diseases where there is often an inherited tendency to develop other allergic conditions, such as asthma and hay fever. In AD, symptoms vary from person to person. The most common symptoms are dry, itchy skin and rashes on the face, inside the elbows and behind the knees, and on the hands and feet. Although AD may occur at any age, it most often begins in infancy and childhood. The cause of AD is not known, but the disease seems to result from a combination of hereditary and environmental factors along with malfunction of the body's immune system. In contrast to that, the results from literatual study in oriental medicine are as follows; 1. The causes of AD are considered to be Mosusigisadok(母受時氣毒), Waegampoongsubyeol(外感風濕熱), Guasiksinlayeolmul(過食辛辣熱物), Ohbokonje(誤服溫劑). 2. The symptoms are fever, flushed face, red eyes, oliguria, constipation and itching. 3. Chungyeolhaedok(淸熱解毒) would be the basic method of treatment, and it divides into two categories; Subhyung(濕型) and Gunhyung(乾型). In Subhyung(濕型), AD is treated by Josub(燥濕), Chungyeol(淸熱) and Jiyang(止痒) whereas Chungyeol(淸熱), Jiyang(止痒), Jesub(除濕) in Gunhyung(乾型). 4. To prevent further damage and enhance quality of life, it is necessary to keep the temperature and humidity favorable, and healing the skin and keeping it healthy are important. Developing and sticking with a daily skin care routine is critical to preventing flares. Changing the diet and psychological stability may also be helpful to relieve symptoms of AD.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2019

Background: Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) is associated with a variety of symptoms. Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are considered to be the gold standard of nerve damage assessments, but these studies are often dissociated from the subjective symptoms observed in DPN patients. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the correlations between NCS parameters and neuropathic symptoms quantified using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without symptoms of neuropathy were retrospectively enrolled. Demographic data, clinical laboratory data, MNSI score, and NCS results were collected for analysis; DPN was diagnosed based on the MNSI score (${\geq}3.0$) and abnormal NCS results. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationships between MNSI score and NCS variables. Results: The final analyses included 198 patients (115 men and 83 women) with a mean age of $62.6{\pm}12.7$ years and a mean duration of diabetes of $12.7{\pm}8.4$ years. The mean MNSI score was 2.8 (range, 0.0-9.0), and 69 patients (34.8%) were diagnosed with DPN. The MNSI score was positively correlated with the median motor nerve latency and negatively correlated with the median motor, ulnar sensory, peroneal, tibial, and sural nerve conduction velocities (NCVs). When the patients were categorized into quartiles according to MNSI score, peroneal nerve conduction velocity was significantly lower in the second MNSI quartile than in the first MNSI quartile (p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that the peroneal NCV was independently associated with MNSI score after adjusting for age, sex, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Conclusions: The present results indicate that a decrease in peroneal NCV was responsible for early sensory deficits in T2DM patients.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

This study aimed to help the college students majoring in beauty to have interests and manage the functional areas of scalp and hair by accurately identifying the condition of scalp and hair and realizing the convergence management habit and subjective symptoms for the condition. The study conducted a survey on 160 beauty major college universities in their 20s living in the Jeonnam area by asking the subjects to directly write the answers. The study found that many subjects had combination type of scalps and hair problems of split ends and thin hair, and recognized that their hair was damaged. They answered that frequent dyeing and perm caused the damage and they were using the shampoo for damaged hair to prevent hair damage. Regarding the observable symptoms on scalp and hair, it was identified that self-perception was higher as the interest in scalp was high, which influenced age and sleeping time.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2002

Acute autonomic neuropathy is a rare disease. Since the first case was reported by Young et.al., in 1969, a number of similar cases have been described, with some variation of the accompanied neurologic deficits. Acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy(AASN) is characterized by the acute onset of autonomic dysfunction and sensory disturbances. A 16-year-old girl experienced high fever($40^{\circ}C$) and erythematous rash on whole trunk and face followed by pain and sensory loss over the whole body, dysphagia, ataxia, urinary retention, and postural hypotension. There was no evidence of limb weakness. The electrophysiologic studies of this patient revealed sensory polyneuropathy and the various autonomic function test showed autonomic dysfunction. The recovery of her autonomic and sensory symptoms is incomplete, three months after the onset of the symptoms. The etiology of the acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy is not known. Most previous authors have suggested the dysautonomia may be an acute immunological damage to peripheral fibers of the autonomic nervous system. We report a case of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 1996

Methanol has been widely used as an industrial solvent and environmental exposure to methanol would be expected to be increasing. In humans, methanol causes metabolic acidosis and damage to ocular system, and can lead to death in severe and untreated case. Clinical symptoms are attributed to accumulation of forrnic acid which is a metabolic product of methanol. In humans and primates, formic acid is accumulated after methanol intake but not in rodents due to the rapid metabolism of methanol. Neverthless, the developmental and reproductive toxicity were reported in rodents. Previous reports showed that perinatal exposure to ethanol produces a variety of damage in human central nervous system by direct neurotoxicity. This suggests that the mechanism of toxic symptoms by methanol in rodents might mimic that of ethanol in human. In the present study I hypothesized that methanol can also induce toxicity in neuronal cells. For the study, primary culture of rat hippocampal neurons and glias were empolyed. Hippocampal cells were prepared from the embryonic day-17 fetuses and maintained up to 7 days. Effect of methanol (10, 100, 500 and 1000 mM) on neurite outgrowth and cell viability was investigated at 0, 18 and 24 hours following methanol treatment. To study the changes in proliferation of glial cells, protein content was measured at 7 days. Neuronal cell viability in culture was not altered during 0-24 hours after methanol treatment. 10 and 100 mM methanol treatment significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth between 18-24 hours. 7-day exposure to 10 or 100 mM methanol significantly increased protein contents but that to 1000 mM methanol decreased in culture. In conclusion, methanol may have a variety of effects on growing and differentiation of neurons and glial cells in hippocampus. Treatment with low concentration of methanol caused that neurite outgrowth was enhanced during 18-24 hours and the numbers of glial cell were increased for 7 days. High concentration of methanol brought about decreased protein contents. At present, the mechanism responsible for the methanol- induced enhancement of neurite outgrowth is not clear. Further studies are required to delineate the mechanism possibly by employing molecular biological techniques.