• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1286-1292
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) isolated from Ligularia fischeri against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Antioxidative effects of 3,5-DCQA were determined by measuring antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] expression levels against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress using real-time PCR analysis. 3,5-DCQA treatment significantly increased gene expression levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx in a dose-dependent manner ($10{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$) in HepG2 cells. Hepatoprotective effects were analyzed by measuring glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities using a biochemistry analyzer in hydrogen peroxide-treated HepG2 cells. 3,5-DCQA treatment significantly reduced GOT, LDH, and GGT activities in a dose-dependent manner ($10{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$) against increased liver function index enzyme activities induced by hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The results reveal that 3,5-DCQA compound isolated from Ligularia fischeri can be useful for the development of an effective hepatoprotective agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.506-510
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• 2002

The effect of antioxidant activity of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) on the liposomal phospholipid membrane was investigated by spectrophotometry. Membrane oxidation causes damage to the membrane fluidity and permeability. It brings further destruction to the sustenance of biological homeostasis. In addition, it is related to several diseases, aging and carcinogenesis. The sample PG was extracted and fractionated to five different types; butanol (PGMB), ethylacetate (PGMEA), ethylether (PGMEE), hexane (PGMH) and methanol (PGMM). The oxidation indices of PGMEA and PGMEE fractions in oxidized dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) liposomes had stronger antioxidant activities than that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and were similar to antioxidant activities compared with butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), a well-known potent antioxidant, in oxidized DLPC liposomes. The oxidation indices of PGMM extract, PGMB and PGMH fractions exhibited weak antioxidant activity compared with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in oxidized DLPC liposomes. The oxidation indiex of PGMEE fractions added with vitamin C showed even strong antioxidant activity in the oxidized DLPC liposomes. The oxidation activity of BHT with vitamin C also proved to be stronger than BHT without vitamin C. Therefore vitamin C evidently helps to improve the effect of antioxidant in DLPC liposomes. These results indicate that potentially bioactive substances in PGMEE fraction has a function as potent antioxidant against phospholipid membrane oxidation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

This study proposed the modified weighting values for jointed rock slopes. The studies on deduction of evaluation index and calculation of weighting, development of criteria for evaluation and evaluation models have been conducted through decision making techniques such as the Delphi method and the AHP method by many researchers. Because these decisions making techniques may be less objective, it is necessary to calculate reasonable weighting considering both an objective weighting and a subjective weighting simultaneously. In this study, utilizing the inspection data of jointed rock slopes, an objective weighting that the concept of entropy is applied was calculated. And the subjective weighting values by AHP technique was calculated based on the opinion of experts. And a modified weighting was suggested by combining the two. As a result, it was found that jointed rock slopes have higher weighting in artificial factors and the damage status items. In addition based on the finally suggested weighting (mixed weighting), the revised evaluation criteria could be presented by converting it into the evaluation score (76 points). And it is expected that it could be usefully utilized upon inspections on cutting slopes and safety diagnosis since objective and highly reliable criteria compared to the condition evaluation criteria that are currently used could be presented through the results of the study.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.253-262
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• 2008

Previous studies have indicated that incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is partly related to the damage of antioxidant systems, but etiology of RA is not fully identified. This study was performed to evaluate nutrient intakes including antioxidants, health related behaviors and food habits of RA patients and controls. RA patient group (n = 68) and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 68) were joined in this study. Nutrient intake was estimated using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. As mean age of RA ($52.9{\pm}13.8$ years) was significantly higher than those of controls ($48.7{\mp}5.9$ years), data were analyzed by using Student's t-test, adjusted for age. There was no significant difference between two groups in body mass index. Compared with those of controls, frequencies of drinking (p < 0.001) and coffee consumption (p < 0.05) of RA groups were lower. RA groups had lower frequencies of fruit (p < 0.01), vegetable (p < 0.05) and fatty meat (p < 0.05) consumptions and balanced diet (p < 0.01), and higher frequencies of fried dishes (p < 0.01), and salty dishes (p < 0.01), compared to controls. The most nutrient intakes including energy intake of RA were tended to be lower than those of controls. Vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin C intakes were significantly lower in RA than controls (p < 0.001). Daily vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin C intakes of RA were lower than those of control (vitamin A: RA $360.6{\pm}252.23{\mu}g$ RE, control $844.5{\pm}426.2{\mu}g$ RE, p < 0.001; ${\beta}$-carotene: RA $1450.9{\pm}1019.0{\mu}g$, control $3968.8{\pm}2248.21{\mu}g$, p < 0.001; vitamin C; RA $40.6{\pm}21.48mg$, control $84.7{\pm}40.29$, p < 0.001) These results suggest sufficient consumption of antioxidant nutrients may prevent and improve RA status.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.564-574
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• 2008

This study investigates a long-term variation of annual maximum surge heights(AMSH) and main characteristics of high surge events, which is influenced by the global warming and intensifying typhoons, using sea level data at Sokcho and Mukho tidal stations over 34 years ($1974{\sim}2007$). It is found that the there is a longterm uptrend of the AMSH at Sokcho (8.3 cm/34yrs) and at Mukho (8.7 cm/34yrs), which is significant within 95% confidence level based on the linear regression. The statistical analysis reveals that 53% of the AMSH occurs during typhoon's event in both tidal stations and the highest surge records are mostly produced by the typhoon. It is concluded that the uptrend in the AMSH is attributed by the increasing typhoon activities globally as well as locally in Korea due to the increased sea surface temperature in tropical oceans. The continuous efforts monitering and predicting the extreme surge events in the future warm environments are required to prevent the growing storm surge damage by the intensified typhoon.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2001

Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone, is believed to act as an antioxidant via the stimulation of radical detoxifying enzymes and scavenging of free radicals. In this study, effects of in vitro and in vivo treatments of melatonin on the cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation, LDH release and plasma creatinine were determined in rabbit renal cortical cells. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was assayed as an index of lipid peroxidation and the level of LDH release as an indicator of cellular damage. In in vitro studies, cisplatin increased the levels of MDA and LDH release in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. Melatonin inhibited the cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and LDH release in a concentration-dependent manner. The minimal effective concentration of melatonin that significantly reduced the $300\;{\mu}M$ cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and LDH release was 1 mM. In in vivo studies, the levels of lipid peroxidation and LDH release in renal cortical cells increased significantly 24 or 48 hours after a single injection of cisplatin (6 mg/kg). When the cisplatin-injected rabbits were pretreated with 10 mg/kg of melatonin, a significant reduction in both lipid peroxidation and LDH release was observed. The plasma creatinine level increased from $0.87{\pm}0.07$ mg/dl in control to $6.33{\pm}0.54$ mg/dl in cisplatin-injected rabbits (P＜0.05). Melatonin partially prevented the increase in serum creatinine level $(1.98{\pm}0.11\;mg/dl)$ by cisplatin (P＜0.05). In the proximal tubules from cisplatin-treated group, tubular cells had microvilli of variable heights. Necrotic debris was seen in tubular lumens. In most of cells, the mitochondria and lysosomes were increased in frequency. The endocytic vacuoles were not prominent and distribution of the brush border was irregular and shortened. These cisplatin-induced morphological changes were moderate in the melatonin-pretreated group. These results suggest that the toxicity of cisplatin is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen free radicals and that melatonin is a powerful antioxidant, which prevents some of the adverse effects of cisplatin.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.221-232
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• 2009

The geographical distribution of freeze risk determines the latitudinal and altitudinal limits and the maximum acreage suitable for fruit production. Any changes in its pattern can affect the policy for climate change adaptation in fruit industry. High-definition digital maps for such applications are not available yet due to uncertainty in the combined responses of temperature and dormancy depth under the future climate scenarios. We applied an empirical freeze risk index, which was derived from the combination of the dormancy depth and threshold temperature inducing freeze damage to dormant buds of 'Changhowon Hwangdo' peach trees, to the high-definition digital climate maps prepared for the current (1971-2000), the near future (2011-2040) and the far future (2071-2100) climate scenarios. According to the geospatial analysis at a landscape scale, both the safe and risky areas will be expanded in the future and some of the major peach cultivation areas may encounter difficulty in safe overwintering due to weakening cold tolerance resulting from insufficient chilling. Our test of this method for the two counties representing the major peach cultivation areas in South Korea demonstrated that the migration of risky areas could be detected at a sub-grid scale. The method presented in this study can contribute significantly to climate change adaptation planning in agriculture as a decision aids tool.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.164-176
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• 2016

This study was perfomed to investigate the effects of Chunghyul-plus(CHP) on oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in db/db mouse. After treatment with CHP, safety in cytotoxicity, heavy metal toxicity, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide (N0) and proinflammatory cytokine IL-Ib, TNF-a, IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, GLP-1, glucose, food intake, body weight, organ weight, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatine and histologic change of liver and aorta were measured in db/db mouse after oral administration of CHP. CHP showed safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver and kidney for logn time administration. CHP increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. CHP showed significant inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and showed inhibitory effect on nitiric oxide(NO) compared to control group. CHP decreased cytokine IL-6 production significantly, and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α compared to control group. CHP decreased body and organ weitht, intake food, and glucose levels compared to control group. CHP decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly, and decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels compared to control group. CHP decreased atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor significantly. CHP increased serum insulin and GLP-1 compared to control group. In histologic examination, lipophagy in the liver and aorta decreased in CHP treated mice and the cell was regular and boundary of vessel wall was clear compared to control group. These results suggest that CHP is effective in antioxidation activity and treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke and other cardiocerebrovascular disease.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

Purpose: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an indicator of arterial stiffness, and is considered a marker of vascular damage. However, a genome-wide association study analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) has not been conducted in healthy populations. We performed this study to identify SNPs associated with baPWV in healthy populations in Korea. Materials and Methods: Genomic SNPs data for 2,407 individuals from three sites were analyzed as part of the Korean Genomic Epidemiologic Study. Without replication samples, we performed multivariable analysis as a post hoc analysis to verify the findings in site adjusted analysis. Healthy subjects aged between 40 and 70 years without self-reported history or diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer were included. We excluded subjects with a creatinine level >1.4 mg/dL (men) and 1.2 mg/dL (women). Results: In the site-adjusted association analysis, significant associations (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) with baPWV were detected for only 5 SNPs with low minor allele frequency. In multivariable analysis adjusted by age, sex, height, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, site, smoking, alcohol, and exercise, 11 SNPs were found to be associated (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) with baPWV. The 5 SNPs (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) linked to three genes (OPCML, PRR35 and RAB40C) were common between site-adjusted analysis and multivariable analysis. However, meta-analysis of the result from three sites for the 11 SNPs showed no significant associations. Conclusion: Using the recent standard for genome-wide association study, we did not find any evidence of significant association signals with baPWV.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

In order to strengthen RC structures, various strengthening methods have been used. Particularly, external tendon strengthening method is very popular method to strengthen damaged structures in terms of efficiency, ease, economics. In this study, improved anchorage elements using the lifting hole were proposed to strengthen PSC or RC girder without any damage. Two types of anchorage elements were proposed and these elements were applied on six RC beams. Also, three types of existing anchorage elements were applied on three RC beams. Otherwise, any anchorage element was not applied on one RC beam to used as a control beam. To analyse behavior of these elements, static load tests were carried out. Test variables were anchorage shapes, prestressing level on the steel bar and tendon profiles. Deflections, strains and modes of failure were recorded to examine the strengthening effects of the beams. Ductility index and tendon stress were analyzed by comparing cracking load, yielding load and ultimate load. As a result, proposed anchorage elements using lifting hole were superior to existing anchorage elements in terms of strengthening effect and furthermore, they showed ductile behavior based on energy method.