• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2003

All the outdoor and indoor spaces are connected with each other. The human being moves toward those spaces with temperature fluctuation between the natural and artificial temperature. We conducted an experiment which subjects were wearing the data logger in urban life, and measured 24 hours' exposed temperature and thermal comfort in summer. Results were as follows. 1. Subjects controls their micro climate like this. Most of them(84.6%) get weather information. Fashion(46.2%) and weather(30.8%) are the reasons to select clothes. They spend their time in indoor environment for 84.92% hours of a day and have an air-conditioner(61.5%) in their houses. 2. Temperature fluctuation which subjects were exposed for 24 hours were from 15.6$^{\circ}C$ to 33.8$^{\circ}C$ and average fluctuation was 9.02$^{\circ}C$. The median value of experienced temperature were 26-26.5$^{\circ}C$ and average temperature was 26.18$^{\circ}C$. They experienced cold shock of 3.96 times in a day.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2013

Korea gas corporation (KOGAS) is responsible for the whole sale of natural gas in the domestic market. It is important to forecast the daily demand of city gas for supply and demand control, and delivery management. Since there is the autoregressive characteristic in the daily gas demand, we introduce a modified autoregressive model as the first step. The daily gas demand also has a close connection with the outdoor temperature. Accordingly, our second proposed model is a temperature-based model. Those two models, however, do not meet the requirement for forecasting performances. To produce acceptable forecasting performances, we develop a weighted average model which compounds the autoregressive model and the temperature model. To examine our proposed methods, the forecasting results are provided. We confirm that our method can forecast the daily city gas demand accurately with reasonable performances.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.434-447
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of influencing factors on the sales volume of apparel products. Based on previous studies, weekend effect, discount rate, and meteorological factors including daily average temperature, rainfall, sea level pressure, and fine dust were selected as independent variables to calculate their effects on sales quantity of apparel products. The daily sales data during 2015 - 2016 were collected from casual brands and outdoor brands which "A" apparel manufacturing company had operated. The actual data of "A" company were analyzed using SAS(R) 9.4 and SAS(R) Enterprise Miner 14.1. The results of this study were as follows: First, the influencing factors on total sales volume of apparel products were proved to be the weekend effect, discount rate, and fine dust. Second, the analysis of influencing factors on sales volume of apparel products according to season showed: 1) In casual brands, the average temperature had a significant influence on the sales volume of spring/summer products, and the sea level pressure affected the sales volume of summer/fall/winter products significantly. 2) In outdoor brands, the average temperature and the fine dust had a significant influence on the sales volume of all season's products. The sea level pressure affected the sales volume of summer/fall/ winter products significantly. The weekend effect and the discount effect affected the sales volume of apparel products partly. Third, the effect of rainfall was not proven significant, which was different from the results of past studies.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2003

This study examined the temperature-dependent regression model of energy consumption based on various measuring period. The methodology employed was to construct temperature-dependent linear regression model of daily energy consumption from one day to three months data-sets and to compare the annual heating energy consumption predicted by these models with actual annual heating energy consumption. Heating energy consumption from a building in Daejon was examined experimentally. From the results, predicted value based on one day experimental data can have error over 100%. But predicted value based on one week experimental data showed error over 30%. And predicted value based on over three months experimental data provides accurate prediction within 6% but it will be required very expensive.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2022

A water source heat pump (WSHP) system is regarded as an energy-efficiency heating and cooling supply system for buildings due to its high energy efficiency and low greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, water sources such as river water, lake water, and raw water are attracting attention as heat sources for a heat pump system in Korea. This paper analyzed the applicability of a river water source heat pump system (RSHP). The river water temperature level was compared with the outdoor air and ground temperature levels to present applicability. In addition, the cooling and heating performance were compared through a simulation approach for the RSHP and a ground source heat pump (GSHP) applied to a large-scale office building. To compare the temperature level, the actual data were applied to the river water and the outdoor air, while the simulation results were applied to the ground circulation water. The results showed that the change in river water temperature throughout the year was similar to the change in outdoor air temperature. However, unlike the outdoor air temperature, the difference between the hourly and daily average river water temperatures was not large. The temperature level of river water was lower during the heating season and somewhat higher during the cooling season than that of the ground circulation water. Finally, the performance of the RSHP system was 13.4% lower than that of the GSHP system on an annual-based.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.131-132
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• 2023

In this paper, standard specification of heat curing section of cold weather concrete between Korea and China were compared. First, Korea concrete specification (KCS 14 20 40) stipulates that the application period is less than 4℃ per day or less than 0℃ per day right after pouring, but in China, the outdoor daily average temperature is less than 5℃ for five consecutive days. This is believed to be due to the difference in temperatures between Korea and China in winter. Next, in the case of Korea, KCS do not show that the concrete temperature in curing should be 5℃ or higher to prevent early frost damage and obtain the minimum required compressive strength. On the other hand, in the case of China, the specificaion does not show that the curing method is selected based on the concrete surface coefficient after considering the outdoor temperature. In addition, in Korea and China regulation, the temperature of the space during thermal curing was shown to be similar.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.224-227
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• 2004

The cement can be influenced by the temperature. Especially, when it is cold weather, it causes some problems in such properties as mixing, placing and curing of concrete. According to the Concrete Standard Specification(2003), in case of the average daily outdoor temperature below $4^{\circ}C$, it recommends to use the cold weather concrete. In this research, the on-site quality characteristics of the cold weather concrete using high early strength portland cement(Type III cement) were studied. As a result, the cold weather concrete using high early strength portland cement can obtain its excellent properties and benefit the cost of construction.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.305-308
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• 2004

Cold weather concrete is the concrete which is used during construction under low-temperature' environment, and this kind of concrete has to be taken care not to be frozen in early ages of setting-hardening, It is specified in the Concrete Standard Specification(2003) as 'the cold weather concrete must be used on the weather condition under the average daily outdoor temperature below $4^{\circ}C$.' In this research, the mechanical characteristics and hydration heat on the cold weather concrete using high early strength portland cement were studied. As a result, the excellent quality was obtained and high early strength portland cement is expected to be used widely as the cold weather concrete.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 1998

1994년 7월 21일부터 1995년 10월 23일까지 논, 지수, 비닐하우스 야외사육지를 이용하여 동남참게를 사육한 결과, 1. 사육기간중 수온은 $1.5{\circ}C$~34.2${\circ}C$이었으나, 먹이를 정상적으로 먹은 기간의 수온은 15${\circ}C$~30${\circ}C$로 나타났으며, 이는 총 460일의 사육기간 중 281일(61.1%)에 해당되었다. 2. 증중량은 논(1,711.3 g), 지수(1,565.4 g), 비닐하우스(1,220.0 g)사육지의 순이었고, 생존율은 지수922.7%), 논(18.7%), 비닐하우스(18.3%)사육지의 순이었으며, 갑폭의 일간성장률은 논(0.61%), 지수(0.60%), 비닐하우스(0.59%)사육지의 순으로 논 사육지의 증중량 및 일간성장율이 타 사육지보다 다소 양호하였다. 3. 사육종료시 사육지별 갑폭의 출현모드를 보면 지수 및 비닐하우스 사육지의 모드는 3 cm군으로 나타난데 비하여 논 사육지는 모드가 4 cm군으로 나타났을 뿐 아니라, 증줄량과 일간성장율도 다소 높고 벼 경작도 병행할 수 있어 타 야외사육지보다 동남참게 양식에 적합한 사육지로 사료되었다. 4. 동남참게 내장의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 양식산이 자연산에 비하여 조지방 함량이 다소적게 나타난 것을 제외하고는 영양성분상의 큰 차이는 없었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1984

우리나라의 동절기 기온이 산란계의 산란율과 대사에너지이용에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 와렌산란계의 산란율 혹은 대사에너지이용과 기상대에서 관측된 기온 혹은 계사내 최고 및 최저기온과의 상관관계률 조사하였다. 계사내 최고 및 최저온도는 외부기온이 변함에 따라 변하였다. 기온의 변화에 따른 체중, 사료섭취양 및 사료요구율의 변화는 발견되지 않았으나, 산란율은 외부기온과 사내최저기온이 1$^{\circ}C$변함에 따라 각각 0.46 및 0.24%가 변하였다. 32주령 (11월 15일), 34주령(12월 1일) 및 46주령(2월 27일)시의 일당대사에너지이용량은 수당 각각 358, 385 및 419Kcal가 되었고, 체중 kg당은 각각 159, 173 및 176Kcal가 되었다. 또한 대사에너지이용량은 환경온도의 변화와 부의 상관관계가 있었으며, 사내 최저기온을 기준으로 하여 NRC(1981)의 사란계의 대사에너지요구량 예측식으로 계산한 값은 본조사결과와 잘 맞았다. 또한 외부기온, 계사내최고 및 최저기온 1$^{\circ}C$변화에 따른 대사에너지요구량은 체중kg당 1일에 각각 1.7, 1.6 및 2.1Kcal가 되었다. 이상과 같이 계사내온도가 외부기온의 영향을 받으면 산란율과 대사에너지이용성에 영향을 미친다는 것을 나타내고 있다.