• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.245-257
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• 2001

Recently, The government has been brought in the electronic document system. So, It's been increasing the job processing with the electronic approval and the distribution business. However because of the variety of the storage type of electronic document, it's expected many difficulties in the public-usage and etemity-preservation of the information later. also, There are several problems to manage electronic document system, for example, absence of the important function for managing records, etc. So, We propose the methodology as a way to solve several problems of managing electronic document in this paper. It grows the business which is produced in processing the electronic records management. The kind of document file produced by the government is various. Through introducing the standard format of document file, hereafter it has an effect on helpfulness in standardizing the electronic document system, and people recognize the situation of problem to append the important function of the preservation and usage for the electronic document system. The key task is to make the document system with keeping records and following functions according to the law of records management. As applying the standard electronic document system to manage records, the records of the processing section to the data center and then the records of the data center transfer to the government records and archives center. So, the records which be transferred can be preservative and available. The record, such as visual and auditory record which is not easy to digitalize, can be digitally preservative and available in the government records and archives center.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2011

The structural behavior of continuous reinforced concrete deep beams is mainly controlled by the mechanical relationships associated with the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, load and support conditions, and material properties. In this study, a simple indeterminate strut-tie model which reflects characteristics of the complicated structural behavior of the continuous deep beams is presented. In addition, the reaction and load distribution ratios defined as the fraction of load carried by an exterior support of continuous deep beam and the fraction of load transferred by a vertical truss mechanism, respectively, are proposed to help structural designers for the analysis and design of continuous reinforced concrete deep beams by using the strut-tie model approaches of current design codes. In the determination of the load distribution ratio, a concept of balanced shear reinforcement ratio requiring a simultaneous failure of inclined concrete strut and vertical steel tie is introduced to ensure a ductile shear failure of reinforced concrete deep beams, and the primary design variables including the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, and concrete compressive strength are implemented after thorough parametric numerical analyses. In the companion paper, the validity of the presented model and load distribution ratio was examined by applying them in the evaluation of the ultimate strength of multiple continuous reinforced concrete deep beams, which were tested to failure.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

In this study, ultimate strengths of 51 continuous reinforced concrete deep beams were evaluated by the ACI 318M-08's strut-tie model approach implemented with the presented indeterminate strut-tie model and load distribution ratio of the companion paper. The ultimate strengths of the continuous deep beams were also estimated by the shear equations derived based on experimental results, conventional design codes based on experimental and theoretical shear strength models, and current strut-tie model design codes. The validity of the presented strut-tie model and load distribution ratio was examined through the comparison of the strength analysis results classified according to the primary design variables of shear span-to-effective depth ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, and concrete compressive strength. The present study results of ultimate strengths obtained using the indeterminate strut-tie model and load distribution ratio of the continuous deep beams agree fairly well with those obtained using other approaches. In addition, the present approach reflected the effect of the primary design variables on the ultimate strengths of the continuous deep beams consistently and accurately. Therefore, the present study will help structural designers to conduct rational and practical strut-tie model designs of continuous deep beams.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1207-1216
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• 2014

Vegetables contain high levels of nitrate, which can be converted to nitrite for reaction with secondary amines to form nitrosamines. In this study, we evaluated safety effects against nitrite and nitrosamine as well as anti-mutagenic activities of vegetable juices. To do this, the contents of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines were determined in vegetable juices. The safety effects against nitrite and nitrosamine formation were also investigated under simulated human gastric conditions. The contents of nitrate and nitrite in common and organic kale and Angelica keiskei juices were 931~2,052 mg/kg and 13~82 mg/kg, respectively. However, seven kinds of nitrosamines were not detected in the vegetables juices. The nitrate content decreased when vegetable juices were digested under simulated human gastric conditions. Nitrosamine (N-nitrosodimethylamine) formation under simulated human gastric conditions was inhibited by addition of vegetable juices. In addition, vegetable juices, especially organically cultivated juices, showed anti-mutagenic effects in a Salmonella assay system. These results suggest that organically cultivated vegetable juices are a promising health-promoting source.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.597-602
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• 2001

A 47-years-old woman presented with a 2-month history of a dry mouth and dry cough. The patient had been taking medication for Sj$\ddot{o}$gren's syndrome for approximately 7 years. The chest radiography showed multiple cystic lesions and a hazy density in both lower lung fields. The HRCT showed a diffuse ground glass like appearance and multiple variable sized cystic lesions in both lung fields. After medication, the symptoms were aggravated. Bronchoscopy was preformed with a transbronchial lung biopsy. The biopsies showed an infiltration of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and histiocytes through the interstitial space of the alveola and a widening of the alveolar septa. However, the histological findings of the cysts were not obtained. Sj$\ddot{o}$gren's syndrome is a slowly progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease, which is characterized by lymphocyte mediated destruction of the exocrine glands, with pulmonary involvement in approximately 19-65%, High-resolution CT is a sensitive technique for assessing the pulmonary involvement in patients with Sj$\ddot{o}$gren's syndrome. Although a lung biopsy is not always necessary for establishing a diagnosis of an interstitial lung disease in Sj$\ddot{o}$gren's syndrome. A lung biopsy may reveal a wide spectrum of changes ranging from a mild inflammatory response to end stage fibrosis with honeycombing. Because of the predominantly peribronchiolar inflammatory infiltration and inspissated secretions the cysts were suspected to have been formed by the ball-valve phenomen. However, no definite evidence was obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.190-194
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• 2008

Physicochemical properties of the green tea component enriched mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) were investigated. The yield of mushroom was highest with green tea powder untreated sample and the yield was decreased by the addition of green tea powder. However, hardness was increased by the addition of green tea powder. Analysis of catechins and caffeine in mushrooms showed that catechins were not transferred into mushrooms, whereas caffeine content was increased. The content of total polyphenol in mushroom was not affected by the addition of green tea powder and crude catechins. Analyses of aroma patterns using the electronic nose based on GC with SAW sensor showed that new peaks occurred from 3 to 6 sec in green tea added mushroom. This study showed that functional components and quality of mushroom were possibly improved by incorporating green tea powder in growth medium.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.19-36
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• 2004

This study examines the relation between accruals components of earnings and stock return. Earnings are decomposed into four components: discretionary accruals, nondiscretionary accruals, nondiscretionary income and cash flow from operations. Because reported earnings in financial statement consist of cash flow from operations plus total accruals. We decompose total accruals into a discretionary accruals and a nondiscretionary accruals separately. This paper examines the incremental informational content of discretionary accruals and nondiscretionary accruals components of net income by regressing return on earnings' components in multivariate models. The empirical analysis is conducted on a sample of 1,580 firm-years comprising 158 firms during 1991-2003. discretionary accruals are obtained by decomposing total accruals into discretionary and nondiscretionary accruals conponents, using a pooled variation of the Jones model(1991). These findings suggest that the discretionary accruals(measured using a variation the Jones model) is priced by the stock market. Specifically, the discretionary accruals and cash flow from operations are positively associated with the stock return, and also nondiscretionary income, discretionary accruals are positively associated with the stock return. While this result is consistent with the market prices the discretionary accruals because it captures value-relevant information. Additional test report evidence consistent with nondiscretionary accruals conveying information about the stock return.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.91-97
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• 2007

Recently, during the past five years, accidents of gas boiler using city gas have occurred 7.4 times more than those which use LP gas. The number of accidents has increased since the use of city gas boilers has increased. These boiler accidents resulted in 87% death from poisoning of CO, and casualty of the accidents was 4.3 times more than that of other types of accident. Hence this study makes the cause of accidents clear by separation the exhaust tube which is the cause of CO poisoning. Also, this study will establish the safety of heat-resistant silicon through testing the performance of heat-resistant silicon. The experiment showed that common silicon started hardening at $56^{\circ}C$ while the heat-resistant silicon did not begin carbonization until $606^{\circ}C$. Besides at the temperature of $150^{\circ}C$ which is the normal temperature of exhaust tube, common silicon leaked on the pneumatic test after deterioration, but the heat-resistant silicon maintained its original property. With these results, we judge that we can reduce the casualty by CO poisoning if we use the heat-resistant silicon to the connector of he exhaust tube.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2010

The bearing wall apartments which occupy the majority of multi-residential apartment buildings built in Korea, are known for having limited architectural plan flexibility, posing challenges in terms of maintenance and remodeling. The economic losses and environmental issues resulting from the reconstruction of bearing wall apartments are now accumulating to the extent that they are becoming a national concern. Multi-residential apartment buildings, which are now the dominant form of residence in Korea, must accommodate diverse customer needs and changes in life style. A new concept of Rahmen structure with architectural flexibility is Green Frame. GF multi-residence housing is expected to reduce construction costs and shorten the construction schedule by overcoming the shortcomings of conventional bearing wall apartments. This goal is consistent with the national policies that target the reduction of resource and energy consumption. In addition, GF will be established as a core contributor to achieving a reduction in $CO_2$ emissions, which will enable the sustainable growth of domestic construction industry, and address the low-carbon green growth drive implemented by the government.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

In the present paper, the hydrodynamic characteristics of three dimensional hydrofoils moving with a constant speed below the free surface using a higher-order boundary element method based on 9-node Lagrangian curvilinear elements are investigated. A bi-quadratic spline scheme is employed to improve the numerical results on the free surface. To validate the present scheme, the calculated results are compared with the analytic solutions for a submerged sphere and a spheroid showing a good agreement. For the validation of the hydrofoil study, the computed lift and drag of a hydrofoil having $NACA64_{1}A412$ section with aspect ratio(A.R.) of 4 are compared with the experimental data by Wadlin et al.[28]. The comparison covers a number of variations of angle of attack and submergence depth. Then, using an A.R. hydrofoil with NACA0012 section, the free surface on the lift and drag are investigated and these are compared with the previous results. The wave elevations and patterns created by the aforementioned submerged bodies are also investigated with Froude numbers and submergences.