• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

A water-pump located in the cooling area of a car circulates cooling water. A particular bearing element, known as a water-pump bearing, installed in the rotating part carries the entire load. The failure of this water-pump bearing has a direct impact on the failure of the automobile engine, and so securing its reliability is crucial. Several researchers have examined the design principles of the water-pump bearing, but there are no reports on the life characteristic of the bearing yet. Herein, we report the construction of test equipment to reproduce the spalling of the roller contact, which is the main failure mode of the chosen water-pump bearing. We chose the radial load as an accelerated stress factor and validated the failure mode by monitoring the surface defects. We conducted the accelerated life test after determining the accelerated stress level through a combination of finite element analysis and a preliminary test. In the life tests, we used an accelerometer to perform failure diagnosis. In the last stage of this study, we present a statistical reliability analysis. Thus, we fully estimated the shape parameter of the water-pump bearing, accelerating level on the load , and the lifetime (MTTF and B₁₀ life) under real use conditions, and finally proposed an interval estimation value considering the uncertainty of the estimated value.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2017

This paper is the design for the welfare robot of apple artificial pollination by a survey for 25 elders' needs of Daegu-Gyeongbuk rural region. The results are summarized as follows. 1) In the apple farms of the region, most of farmers are the couples of 50 years thru 70 years to plant the apple trees only. The apple farm requires the senior farmers lots of painful works including their bone and muscle system problem to result in safety accidents. 2) For the aging progress of rural area, the senior farmers spend lots of labor hours and cost to do artificial pollination, a proper deletion of small fruits, and a speed spray, etc.. Most of them agree to the development of the welfare robot for an apple artificial pollination. 3) The survey results could be applied to the conceptual design in the users' point of view. Therefore, they are used as the important effects for the detail design and commercial design to develop the welfare robot for the rural seniors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2020

This study was done to evaluate resources distributed around the Nakdong-Jeongmaek which is the eastern ridge line of the Nakdong-river basin with 437km in length. Here we found and/or searched for thousands of resources within each of 210 villages around the ridge, which were divided into six categories including landscape, natural park, protected area, history, tourism and biodiversity. An inventory was also created using an attribute table in a shape file for identifying the spatial location and property for every resource existing in each village. Each of fields for six-typed resources has 210 records representing each village and resources within it. If a resource exists in a village, '1' is assigned for its existence in its corresponding record. Otherwise, '0' is assigned for its non-existence in the record. The number of '1' on six records for a village is meaning the number of resources contained within a village, which can be a barometer to decide the properties of each village. In this study, we found five core villages containing all kind of resources in it, while 52 villages were found having only a single type of resources within it. The other villages were known to have multiple resources like having two or more ones.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

This study was attempted to determine the satisfaction of nursing students' online classes in the situation of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and to identify factors affect it. This study conducted a survey on nursing students 220 in Daegu-Gyeongbuk area for a month in April 2021. The collected data were subjected to t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. As a result of analyzing the factors affecting the online class satisfaction of nursing students, the learner factor (β=.29, p<.001) and the system factor (β=.51, p<.001) had a statistically significant effect, the variable with the greatest relative influence was the system factor. As online classes are expected to expand even after the end of COVID-19, for a change to education that can increase the satisfaction of learners, through the development of an online operating system suitable for learning and establishing a foundation for learners to learn independently A paradigm shift in nursing education is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.944-954
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• 2007

The Purpose of this study was to investigate overall sanitation levels of restaurants in Korea by examining sanitation management. Sanitation inspections were carried out in 200 large Korean, Western, Chinese, and Japanese restaurants and in buffet-style restaurants of over 100 pyeong in size located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province. This survey of sanitation management practices found that in large restaurants employing many workers, sanitation management was good in the areas of the kitchen environment, equipment and utensils, food handling, and worker's personal hygiene. Restaurants having relatively large kitchens showed significantly high scores in these sanitation areas. Furthermore, open-kitchen-type restaurants showed significantly higher scores in kitchen sanitation compared with closed-kitchen-type restaurants. Survey results of sanitation management show that, in all restaurants surveyed, sanitation management was good in dining hall sanitation and in providing a safe drinking water supply, but poor in food handling sanitation. Kitchen environment sanitation was poor in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese restaurants. Equipment and utensils sanitation was unsatisfactory in Western and buffet-style restaurants. In the food handling area, especially food sanitation and temperature, checks were rarely made, and pasteurization and temperature records were not kept. Therefore, it is recommended that, in planning a kitchen facility in the future, the floor area should be as large as Possible and open. In terms of management, more attention should be paid to food pasteurization, sanitation of cooking equipment and utensils, and checking of food temperature.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.754-766
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of nutrient intake levels on the relative risk of breast cancer in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. The case subjects were 103 patients newly diagnosed as breast cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 159 healthy women without breast cancer-related disease in the same community selected by frequency matching of age and menopausal status. The survey was administered by individual interviews by trained dietitians using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. The odds ratios were determined by using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for the confounding factors found in the analysis of general characteristics of the subjects. In overall, it has been found that high consumptions of energy and carbohydrates significantly raised the relative risk of breast cancer, and that high intakes of total fat, plant fat, dietary fiber, all kinds of fatty acids, vitamin E and calcium significantly lowered the risk of breast cancer. The results of the study suggest that the possible protective factors to the breast cancer risk include a higher intakes of total fat, especially plant fat, dietary fiber, and micronutrients such as vitamin E, folic acid, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. On the other hand, high intakes of energy and carbohydrate appeared to be the risk factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.983-990
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of menu items offered for school meals in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. A total of 538 menu items were collected from six schools (two elementary schools, two middle schools, and two high schools). There was a significant difference in food costs according to menu groups (p<0.001), with the highest food costs for meat and fish dishes (881.66 won) and the lowest cost for kimchi (114.50 won). The proportion of menu items using processed foods and with low operational efficiency were significantly higher in middle schools (p<0.01). In addition, menu items containing animal products were significantly higher in the non-traditional menu items in middle schools (p<0.001). Traditional menu items were less frequently cooked with oil (p<0.001) and processed foods (p<0.001), and their operational efficiency was higher (p<0.001). In conclusion, we found that traditional menu items in school meals were being offered with healthier ingredients and cooking methods, as well as a more efficient foodservice management, than non-traditional menu items.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2005

To find the personal radiation dose of radiological technologists, a survey was conducted to 623 radiological technologists who had been working at 44 general hospitals in Korea's 16 cities and provinces from 1998 to 2002. A total of 2,624 cases about personal radiological dose that were collected were analyzed by region, year and hospital, the results of which look as follows : 1. The average radiation dose per capita by region and year for the 5 years was 1.61 mSv. By region, Daegu showed the highest amount 4.74 mSv, followed by Gangwon 4.65 mSv and Gyeonggi 2.15 mSv. The lowest amount was recorded in Chungbuk 0.91 mSv, Jeju 0.94 mSv and Busan 0.97 mSv in order. By year, 2000 appeared to be the year showing the highest amount of radiation dose 1.80 mSv, followed by 2002 1.77 mSv, 1999 1.55 mSv, 2001 1.50 mSv and 1998 1.36 mSv. 2. In 1998, Gangwon featured the highest amount of radiological dose per capita 3.28 mSv, followed by Gwangju 2.51 mSv and Daejeon 2.25 mSv, while Jeju 0.86mSv and Chungbuk 0.85 mSv belonged to the area where the radiation dose remained less than 1.0 mSv In 1999, Gangwon also topped the list with 5.67 mSv, followed by Daegu with 4.35 mSv and Gyeonggi with 2.48 mSv. In the same year, the radiation dose was kept below 1.0 mSv. in Ulsan 0.98 mSv, Gyeongbuk 0.95 mSv and Jeju 0.91 mSv. 3. In 2000, Gangwon was again at the top of the list with 5.73 mSv. Ulsan turned out to have less than 1.0 mSv of radiation dose in the years 1998 and 1999 consecutively, whereas the amount increased relatively high to 5.20 mSv. Chungbuk remained below the level of 1.0 mSv with 0.79 mSv. 4. In 2001, Daegu recorded the highest amount of radiation dose among those ever analyzed for 5 years with 9.05 mSv, followed by Gangwon with 4.01 mSv. The area with less than 1.0 mSv included Gyeongbuk 0.99 mSv and Jeonbuk 0.92 mSv. In 2002, Gangwon also led the list with 4.65 mSv while Incheon 0.88 mSv, Jeonbuk 0.96 mSv and Jeju 0.68 mSv belonged to the regions with less than 1.0 mSv of radiation dose. 5. By hospital, KMH in Daegu showed the record high amount of average radiation dose during the period of 5 years 6.82 mSv, followed by GAH 5.88 mSv in Gangwon and CAH 3.66 mSv in Seoul. YSH in Jeonnam 0.36 mSv comes first in the order of the hospitals with least amount of radiation dose, followed by GNH in Gyeongnam 0.39 mSv and DKH in Chungnam 0.51 mSv. There is a limit to the present study in that a focus is laid on the radiological technologists who are working at the 3rd referral hospitals which are regarded to be stable in terms of working conditions while radiological technologists who are working at small-sized hospitals are excluded from the survey. Besides, there are also cases in which hospitals with less than 5 years since establishment are included in the survey and the radiological technologists who have worked for less than 5 years at a hospital are also put to survey. We can't exclude the possibility, either, of assumption that the difference of personal average radiological dose by region, hospital and year might be ascribed to the different working conditions and facilities by medical institutions. It seems therefore desirable to develop standardized instruments to measure working environment objectively and to invent device to compare and analyze them by region and hospital more accurately in the future.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.219-239
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of husbands' sex role stereotype, intercultural sensitivity, and the acceptance of wife's culture on immigrant women's acculturation, marital satisfaction and life satisfaction in multi-cultural family in Korea. The data of 100 immigrant women and their husbands were analyzed. Husbands' mean age was 41.6 and wifes' mean age was 29.6. The results of this study are as follows. The first, husbands' sex role stereotype, intercultural sensitivity and the acceptance of wives' culture together explain only marginalization among wives' acculturation(integration, assimilation, segregation, and marginalization) significantly, but individual variable's effect was not significant. The second, husbands' acceptance of wives' culture explain marital and life satisfaction significantly. Third, only marginalization among four types of acculturation explain significantly marital and life satisfaction significantly. integration explain only life satisfaction significantly. Husbands' sex role stereotype is related with the acceptance of their wives' culture and their intercultural sensitivity negatively. In wives' acculturation, there is low positive correlation between assimilation and integration and moderate negative correlation between assimilation and marginalization. This study revealed that the marital and life satisfaction of immigrant women in intercultural family in Korea are explained by acculturation which was influenced by their husband's acceptance of wives' culture and they are not only immigrant wife's problem but multicultural problem.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.85-93
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of demographic characteristics such as inappropriate lifestyle, stress, and health status among health risk factors of early adolescents according to gender. There is a gender difference in the perception of mental and physical health of early adolescents, and the result can be different in behavior patterns between men and women. This study was conducted to identify the health risk factors as independent variables for early adolescents in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area, and to analyze the determinants of gender (male, female) differences by parents, family environment, friends, academic background, appearance, grade, location, school grades, family situation, and health status as demographic factors. And, the Odds Ratio of the early adolescents was analyzed through logit analysis and the differences according to the influence relationship of each of them were examined. As a result of the analysis, the more the sleep and physical activity, parents, home environment, friends, academic background, and appearance are increased, the more the influence is likely to become on the male students. On the contrary, the rest of the health risk factors can increase, and the threat to the health risk factors is likely to become severe to the female students.Among them, it is necessary to develop a pre-preventive program for early adolescents' health risk factors, provide basic data for practical application in the field, and seek a detailed program according to the gender of early adolescents.