• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.186-198
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors and the degree of nursing college student's clinical practice satisfaction. The sample consisted of 488 nursing students who had been in the clinical practice experience from 6 junior nursing colleges in Korea. Data for this study was collected from 20 May to 20 June, 2000. Data were analysed by SPSS/PC using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The highest motive of selecting a nursing science came to be 'having a good prospect for getting a job' (29.3%), major place of the clinical nursing practice was university hospital(46.5%), and the degree of satisfaction about the nursing science was 'relatively satisfied' (43%). 2.The fields that the highest satisfaction of the nursing student's clinical practice were DR(3.25), NR(3.18), ICU(3.11), and OR(3.10). The highest rank of the nursing student's clinical practice satisfaction was 'feels more continuous nursing studying is required after getting a job or pass the RN exam'(4.24). 3. There was significant value between the Grade(2yr, 3yr) and the satisfaction of the clinical practice environment(p<0.001), the clinical practice interpersonal relationship (p<0.001), the clinical practice evaluation (p<0.05), and there was significant value between the satisfaction about the nursing science and the satisfaction of the clinical practice environment(p<0.001), the clinical practice interpersonal relation ship (p<0.05), the satisfation after the clinical practice(p<0.001). 4. There was significant value between 'the opinion of the clinical practice periods' and the satisfaction of the clinical practice place(p<0.05), the clinical practice environment(p<0.001), the clinical practice interpersonal relationship(p<0.001), the satisfation after the clinical practice(p<0.001). 5.The satisfaction of the clinical practice interpersonal relationship influenced on the nursing student's clinical practice satisfaction($R^{2}=.188$). From these results, it is suggested that the higher the satisfaction of the clinical practice interpersonal relationship be like to improve the nursing college student's clinical practice satisfaction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.285-287
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• 2016

Background: The efficacy of standard treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is declining because of antibiotic resistance. Clarithromycin resistance is also increasing in many Asian countries. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of H. pylori infection and clinical association in Laos. Materials and Methods: A total of 329 Lao dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos during December 2010-March 2012 were enrolled in this study. During gastroscopy, 4 biopsies were collected (2 each from the antrum and body) for CLO-test and histopathology. Only the positive CLO-test gastric tissues was stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ in a freezer until DNA was extracted and a GenoType$^{(R)}$HelicoDR test was conducted for detecting mutations in the rrl gene encoding 23S rRNA (clarithromycin resistance) and mutations in gyrA gene (fluoroquinolone resistance). Results: Of the total, 119 Lao patients (36.2%) were infected with H. pylori including 59 males (49.6%) and 60 females (50.4%) with a mean age of 46 years. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori infection was demonstrated in 15 (12.6%) and 16 strains (13.4%) respectively. In clarithromycin resistance, the number of patients who had education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ were significantly higher than those who had education below primary school and BMI<$25kg/m^2$ (23.1% vs 7.5%, P-value= 0.036 and 20.5% vs 8%, P-value= 0.048, respectively). In fluoroquinolone resistance, the number of lowland Lao was significantly higher than those of non-lowland (highland and midland) Lao ethnic groups (16.7% vs 0%, P-value= 0.039). Conclusions: H. pylori infections remain common in Laos. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection are growing problems. Education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ might be predictors for clarithromycin resistance and lowland Lao ethnicity might be predictors for fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection in Laos.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

본 연구는 일개대학병원의 디지털 이동방사선검사 장비를 대상으로 이동방사선검사 시 검출기와 장비의 세균학적 오염도를 조사하여 이동방사선검사 장비로 인한 병원감염을 예방하고자 실시하였다. 중환자실 감염관리 환자는 검출기위에 비닐을 씌우고 검사를 실시한 후 비닐 위에서 검체를 채취한 결과 CNS, VRE가 검출되었고 비닐을 제거한 검출기에서는 균이 발견되지 않았다. 일반병실 환자를 연속해서 검사한 결과, 1번 환자에서는 균이 발견되지 않았고, 2번과 3번 환자에서는 CNS, 4번 환자는 CNS, Enterococcus faecalis, 5번 환자는 CNS, Enterococcus casseliflavus, 6번 환자에서는 CNS, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Klebsiella pneumoniae가 검출되었다. 조사야 조절 손잡이에서는 CNS, Enterococcus faecium이 검출되었다. X-선 발생스위치, 검출기 손잡이에서는 CNS가 검출되었다. 검사 후 방사선사의 진료 장갑에서는 CNS, Enterococcus gallinarum, Klebsiella pneumoniae가 검출되었다. 따라서 1회 검사 후 검출기를 소독하고 재검사 하는 방법과 검출기에 1회용 비닐을 씌워 검사한 후 제거하는 방법을 권장하며, 진료장갑은 1회 검사 후 반드시 새로운 장갑으로 교체해야 한다. 또한, 검사 중 많이 조작하는 조사야 조절 손잡이의 철저한 소독과 근무자의 감염교육을 통해 이동방사선검사로 인한 병원감염을 예방하여야 한다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 미생물 반응으로 생성된 탄산칼슘을 현장조건과 유사한 장비로 제작하여 모래지반에 주입함으로 모래지반의 강도 개선 및 주입범위를 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 분석하기 위해 단층토(Sand, SP, SW)는 D 150mm ${\times}$ H 200mm로 3가지 case를 제작하였고, 다층토(SW/SP, SP/SW)는 D 150mm ${\times}$ H 300mm로 제작하여 2가지 case를 Dr 30%인 연약지반으로 제작하여 1일 동안 주입실험을 수행하였다. 포켓관입시험기로 일축압축강도를 측정하였고, 주입노즐 주변의 구근형성을 통해 주입범위를 살펴보았다. 또한, XRD분석 통해 공시체내의 성분분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과, 다층토에서 SP/SW에서 전구간에 걸쳐 약 500kPa의 강도와 15cm 두께의 고결을 확인하였다. 이는 바이오그라우팅 기술이 지반의 간극 상태와 크기에 따라 주입 효과에 상당한 영향이 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to reduce Entrance Surface Dose and maintain image quality by changing Source to Image receptor Distance. And we'd like to compare ESD on this study to DRLs in other contries. Materials and Methods : We used indirect DR system(Definium 8000, General Electric, USA)and phantom(ART-200X, Flukebiomedical, USA),glass dosimeters(GD-352M, Asahi Techno Glass, Japan)for this study. The imagies were obtained throuh 80kVp fixed, and different tube currents using AEC mode in $16{\times}16$(inch) field size and changing Source to Image receptor Distance from 100 cm to 130 cm per 10 cm unit. The phantom with attaching 5 glass dosimeters on abdomonal skin was set at supine and erect position as a anterioposterial projection on detector For measuring Entrance Surface Dose. Image analysis was conducted by histograms of Image J(1.46r) which was given from National Institutes of Health(NIH). Results : Due to inverse square law of distance, the tube currents were increasing 42.6 % in supine position and 32.6 % in erect position according to the change of Source to Image receptor Distance. While Entrance Surface Doses were rapidly decreasing 14.2 % in supine position and 29.4 % in erect position according to the change of Source to Image receptor Distance. As the results of histogram using Image J, pixel mean values from 100 cm to 110 cm, 120 cm and 130 cm were decreasing each 1.4%, 2.5%, 2.7%, 4.5%, 2.2 %, 5.8 % in supine, erect position. While standard deviations from 100 cm to 110 cm, 120 cm and 130 cm were increasing each 1.4 %, 2.5 %, 2.5 %, 4.0 %, 2.0 %, 4.9 % Consequently, there are no significant differences in abdomen images taken. Conclusion: As the results described above, we strongly recommend using long Sourceto Image receptor Distance than 100cm that we have been using. So, we should deliver less Entrance Surface Dose to the patients while maintaining image quality in abdomen radiography.

• 치과방사선
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-22
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• 1981

악관절 기능장애 환자를 성공적으로 진단함에 있어서, 악관절 X선 사진은 그 X선 검사 개개의 이용목적에 따라 변하는 요소를 지니고 있으나 보편적이며 제한된 2종류의 악관절 촬영 술식을 이용하여. 악관절부의 하악와와 관절돌기의 위치적 상관관계 및 해부학적 관절돌기의 방사선학적 형태와 그 형태이상의 비교 검토가 행하여 질 수 있다. 즉 transcranial view에서는 악관절부의 전후 폭경과 위치적 관계 및 이상형태를, transorbital view에서는 관절돌기의 형태학적 분류 및 내외측 관계의 정성적 관찰이 가능하다. 이에 저자는 악관절 기능장애 환자의 X선 사진 중 본 논문에 합목적적으로 사용될 수 있다고 사려되는 274예를 대상으로 예비 묘사하여 개괄적인 지식을 얻은 후, 악관절 X선 사진 174매를 사용하여 관절돌기의 위치적 관계 및 형태를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 환자의 평균연령은33.2세이고, 최빈발 연령층은 20-30세 군이었으며 남녀의 비는 1:3이었다. 2. Transcranial view에서 ㄱ) 관절돌기의 위치는 후방위가 가장 많았으며, 전방위와 중심위에서는 좌우측이 상반되는 결과를 나타냈다. ㄴ) 좌우측의 위치적 관계는 비대칭이 대칭적 관계의 6.8배의 수치를 보였으며, 대칭적 관계가 13%이며, 그중 concentricity는 4%에 불과하다. ㄷI) 관절돌기의 운동상해는 과다운동성, 과소운동성, 정점 대 정점의 순이었다. ㄹ) 관절돌기의 형태는 지시지형이 전체의 75%이상이었다. 3. Transorbital view에서 ㄱ) 관절돌기의 형태는 돌출형, 각형, 원형, 편평형의 순이었으며, 이 기본형이 87.6%, 부정형이 12. 4%를 점유했다. ㄴ) 관절돌리의 최상부의 위치는 중심부에 위치한 것이 약 80%이었다. ㄷ) 관절돌기의 내측단은 4기본형에 속했으며. 외측단은 4기본형 외에 1.4%의 부정형을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1958

I. Assumption: Mo-kam-ju, Koelreuteria paniculata is a woody plant mainly cistributed over Northern China. Its sporadic growth along the beaches of Korea and Japan is assumed to have been sowed by the seeds transported adrift on the current across the ocean. II. Use and Growth of the Plant: In China, this plant has been cultivated from early times mainly at temples, it seeds being used as rosaries, its flowers for yellow dyes and medicine for the eyes, and its leaves for black dyes. In Korea and Japan, these plants have been cultivated at temples and used as the material for rosaries. No natural growth of these plants was reported until 1919. III. Discoveries: In this domestic area, Dr. Chung Tae Hyun discovered the plant on the beach between Cho-Do and Chang-san-kot, Hwang-Hae Prov. in 1920. The reporter discovered them on the beach at Buk-Ni, Duk-jok-Do in 1948, at An-Hung in 1956 and on the beach at An-min-Do in 1957. In the Japan area, it was discovered for the first time twenty years ago, mainly along the coast line of the Japan Sea and some along the eastern coast line, at Subo, Yamaguchi Prefecture facing the Pacific Ocean. IV. Study and Experiment: A. Seed The seed coat is thick, non-permeable and floatable. A number of seeds were immersed in artificial sea water and fresh water separately. The seeds remained there for a hundred and forty-five (145) days from April 6, 1957 to August 29, 57. Thirty one seeds out of the fifty immersed in salt water and twenty seeds out of the fifty immersed in fresh water remained on the surface of the water, proving them to be non-permeable to both sea and fresh water. Of course, these had retained their germinating capabilities. Five (5) seeds out of twenty from the fresh water and six (6) out of thirty-one from the sea water were successfully germinated after a hole had been drilled in the seed coat and they had been planted. Thus their floating capability, non-permeability and germinating capability after a possible 145 day trip on the flowing currents has been proved satisfactory according to the assumption made above. B. Current As shown in the Data 2 and 3, the sea current initiated in the Pohai Sea flows westward down along the coast line of Korea reaching the southern part during the autumn and winter seasons. This fact also is in favor of the reporter's assumption. V. Discussion and Conclusion: The reporter concludes that, as discussed above, Koelreuteria paniculata which originates in Northern China is transported adrift on the flowing sea current to our western coast line, and also the coast lines of Shantung and Kuangtung of China and it is germinated on the sandy beaches forming new plants. Thus, the seeds drifted down on the southern beach of Korea and have been transported to the Japanese coast, adrift on the Tae-Ma current. Upon fruition, the seeds of the plants which settle on the coasts of western Korea and Japan will migrate to new places. It can be, however, assumed that while the thickness and nonpermeability of the coat enables the long travel in the water, this also can compose a difficulty in germination, consequently in developing a new distribution of this species.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.407-415
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• 2017

In the present study, we investigated the role of binding immunoglobulin protein/glucose-regulated protein, 78-kDa (BIP/GRP78)-regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress on meiotic maturation and cumulus cells expansion in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Previously, it has been demonstrated that unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes, such as molecules involved in ER-stress defense mechanisms, were expressed in matured oocytes and cumulus cells during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. However, BIP/GRP78-mediated regulation of ER stress in porcine oocytes has not been reported. Firstly, we observed the effects of knockdown of BIP/GRP78 (an UPR initiation marker) using porcine-specific siRNAs (#909, #693, and #1570) on oocyte maturation. Among all siRNAs, siRNA #693 significantly reduced the protein levels of UPR marker proteins (BIP/GRP78, ATF4, and P90ATF6) in porcine COCs observed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. We also observed that the reduction of BIP/GRP78 levels by siRNA#693 significantly inhibited the meiotic maturation of oocytes (siRNA #693: $32.5{\pm}10.1%$ vs control: $77.8{\pm}5.3%$). In addition, we also checked the effect of ER-stress inhibitors, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, $200{\mu}M$) and melatonin ($0.1{\mu}M$), in BIP/GRP78-knockdown oocytes. TUDCA and melatonin treatment could restore the expression levels of ER-stress marker proteins (BIP/GRP78, $p-eIF2{\alpha}$, $eIF2{\alpha}$, ATF4, and P90ATF6) in siRNA #693-transfected matured COCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that BIP/GRP78-mediated regulation of UPR signaling and ER stress plays an important role in in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.536-557
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• 2020

Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) is a distinct member of the Polerovirus genus of the Luteoviridae family. SCYLV is the major limitation to sugarcane production worldwide and presently occurring in most of the sugarcane growing countries. SCYLV having high genetic diversity within the species and presently ten genotypes are known to occur based on the complete genome sequence information. SCYLV is present in almost all the states of India where sugarcane is grown. Virion comprises of 180 coat protein units and are 24-29 nm in diameter. The genome of SCYLV is a monopartite and comprised of single-stranded (ss) positive-sense (+) linear RNA of about 6 kb in size. Virus genome consists of six open reading frames (ORFs) that are expressed by sub-genomic RNAs. The SCYLV is phloem-limited and transmitted by sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari in a circulative and non-propagative manner. The other aphid species namely, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, and R. maidis also been reported to transmit the virus. The virus is not transmitted mechanically, therefore, its transmission by M. sacchari has been studied in different countries. SCYLV has a limited natural host range and mainly infect sugarcane (Sachharum hybrid), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Recent insights in the protein-protein interactions of Polerovirus through protein interaction reporter (PIR) technology enable us to understand viral encoded proteins during virus replication, assembly, plant defence mechanism, short and long-distance travel of the virus. This review presents the recent understandings on virus biology, diagnosis, genetic diversity, virus-vector and host-virus interactions and conventional and next generation management approaches.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2019

Objectives: Exposure to fine particles in urban air has been associated with a number of negative health effects. High levels of fine particles have been detected at underground stations in big cities. We investigated the exposure conditions in four occupational groups in the Stockholm underground train system to identify high-exposed groups and study variations in exposure. Methods: $PM_1$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were measured during three full work shifts on 44 underground workers. Fluctuations in exposure were monitored by a real-time particle monitoring instrument, pDR, DataRAM. Qualitative analysis of particle content was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Nitrogen dioxide was measured using passive monitors. Results: For all underground workers, the geometric mean (GM) of $PM_1$ was $18{\mu}g/m^3$ and of $PM_{2.5}$ was $37{\mu}g/m^3$. The particle exposure was highest for cleaners/platform workers, and the GM of $PM_1$ was $31.6{\mu}g/m^3$ [geometric standard deviation (GSD), 1.6] and of $PM_{2.5}$ was $76.5{\mu}g/m^3$ (GSD, 1.3); the particle exposure was lowest for ticket sellers, and the GM of $PM_1$ was $4.9{\mu}g/m^3$ (GSD, 2.1) and of $PM_{2.5}$ was $9.3{\mu}g/m^3$ (GSD, 1.5). The $PM_1$ and $PM_{2.5}$ levels were five times higher in the underground system than at the street level, and the particles in the underground had high iron content. The train driver's nitrogen dioxide exposure level was $64.1{\mu}g/m^3$ (GSD, 1.5). Conclusions: Cleaners and other platform workers were statistically significantly more exposed to particles than train drivers or ticket sellers. Particle concentrations ($PM_{2.5}$) in the Stockholm underground system were within the same range as in the New York underground system but were much lower than in several older underground systems around the world.