• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2001

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by a chronic inflammatory process, primarily involving the synovial membrane of peripheral j oints, where T cell activation is found. To address the superantigen stimulation in rheumatoid arthritis, T cell clonality and the expression of activation markers were analyzed. Methods: To detect TCRB V usage, inverse PCR and sequencing were done. Monoclonal antibodies were used for flow cytometric analysis of TCRBV8 or TCRBV5. As results, a restricted usage of TCRBV3 gene was detected in synovial lymphocytes from one rheumatoid arthritis patient. However, preferential usage for TCRB V8, which may be one indicator for stimulation by staphylococcal superantigen, was not obvious although general activation of T cells was found as high DR+ percentage in synovial T cells. These data show specific antigen rather than superantigen might involve the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4125-4128
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• 2014

The median ages at death from cancers between 1985 and 2005 were calculated to demonstrate that inherent anticancer mechanisms may be a common pathway for different cancers. Seventy-eight patients with gastric, liver and lung cancers, were recruited in the solid cancer group. The leukemia group consisted of 31 patients with three main types of leukemia. The controls were 100 healthy individuals. The samples were typed using an HLA-DR/DQ PCR-SSP typing kit. The results showed that the median ages at death from all causes were 64.7 years in 1985 and 70.1 years in 2005. The range of the median ages at death from all cancers was similar to the corresponding value for deaths attributed to all causes. The frequency of $DRB1^*03$ was 9.6% in the solid cancer group and 3.0% in the control group (p<0.05). The frequency of $DRB1^*04$ in the leukemia group were significantly lower than that of the control (p<0.05). $DRB1^*13$ and $DRB1^*06$ frequencies in the leukemia group were significantly higher than those of the controls (p<0.05). It is suggested that inherent anti-cancer mechanisms may be a common pathway for different cancers and are associated with the immune system and HLA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1059-1062
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• 2000

The objective of the investigation was to study the effect of intramuscular $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ and GnRH on estrus behavior and ovarian response in Murrah buffalo heifers. Twelve Murrah buffalo heifers at 32 months of age that had not exhibited behavioral estrus symptom were included in the experiment. Out of 12,4 heifers were in follicular phase (plasma estradiol $57.05{\pm}12.52pg/ml$), another 4 heifers were in luteal phase (Plasma progesterone $2.24{\pm}0.25ng/ml$) while the ovaries of remaining four heifers were inactive (estradiol $23.70{\pm}1.66pg/ml$and progesterone $0.32{\pm}0.06ng/ml$). $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ (25 mg, Lutalyse, im) and GnRH (200 ug, Fertagyl, iv) was administered to each heifer at interval of 10 days. The plasma progesterone concentration decreased within 48 hrs after $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ injection and followed thereafter with follicular growth, estrus and ovulation. GnRH administration induced follicular growth, elevation of plasma estradiol concentration with subsequent exhibition of behavioral estrus in 2 out of 4 heifers having inactive ovary. The observation reveals that Murrah buffalo heifers at 32 months of age have developed receptors for $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ and GnRH on ovarian and pituitary tissue respectively and response the single injection of $PGF_2\;{\alpha}$ and GnRH similar to the mature cycling animals.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1212-1217
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• 2008

In this study, in order to clarify the effect of the direction of cyclic shear on the post-earthquake settlement the multi-directional shear tests were carried out for Toyoura Japan standard sand, Genkai natural sand and the Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS). In a series of tests, number of strain cycles was changed as n=5-200 and the shear strain amplitude varied from 0.1% to 1.0%. The relative density was also changed as Dr=50, 60 and 70%. From the test results for Toyoura sand and GBFS, it is clarified that the post cyclic settlement is relatively large at the small relative density and becomes large with the shear strain amplitude. When the influence of the direction of cyclic shear is decreases, the post cyclic settlement strain for Toyoura sand is converged to a constant value, but the GBFS is increased with the number of strain cycles.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2012

The subject of "Design Requirements" (DR) is central to the design of software and engineering systems. The main reason for this is that quality aspects are usually closely tied to requirements, among other things. In this review paper, we consider how the subject of requirements is being managed in these two seemingly different design disciplines. Two important aspects are covered, namely: (a) requirements development, describing various activities leading to requirements documentation, and (b) requirements change management, describing various activities needed for the proper treatment of the inevitable changes in requirements. Similarities and differences on how these two aspects are handled in software and engineering systems are highlighted. It is concluded from this literature survey that the management of software requirements is quite coherent and well established as a science. On the other hand, management of engineering systems requirements suffer from being unstructured, in particular when requirements changes are involved. Important gaps and future important research areas are identified.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자 분야
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• pp.173-176
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• 2005

Teijin사의 HT100-B60의 폴리카보네이트(polycarbonate) $100{\mu}m$, I-Component사의 PES(polyethersulfone) $200{\mu}m$, Ferrania사의 PAR(polyacrylate) $100{\mu}m$와 $200{\mu}m$를 사용하였다 열팽창계수의 차이로 인해 공정상 기판의 가열과 냉각시 열응력이 발생하여 기판의 크랙발생의 원인이 된다. 이를 최소화하기 위해 모든 공정이 시작하기 전에 pre-annealing을 통해 plastic 기판의 시간별 공정을 실시하였다. plastic film의 annealing time은 0h, 12h, 24, 40h, 50h, 60h, 70h, 80h으로 사간을 달리하여 오븐 안의 진공상태를 조성하여 실험하였다. Thermal evaporator로 Al을 약 170nm 증착하였으며 (주)동진 세미캠의 DTFR-1011s DR LCD용 감광액을 Spin Coating Spread(500rpm/6sec), Spin(3000rpm/20sec)으로 coating하였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2005

Hydrodynamic characteristic of surfactant drag-reducing flows is still not fully understood. This work investigated the temperature and diameter effect on hydrodynamic characteristic of cationic surfactant drag reducing flows in pipes. Solution of oleyl bishydroxyethyl methyl ammonium chloride (Ethoquad O/12), 900 ppm, as a cationic surfactant and sodium salicylate (NaSal), 540 ppm, as a counter-ion was tested at 12, 25, 40, and $50^{\circ}C$ in pipes with diameter of 13, 25, and 40 mm. Drag reduction effectiveness of this surfactant solution was evaluated in 25 mm pipe from 6 to $75^{\circ}C$. Rheological characteristic of this solution was measured by stress control type rheometer with cone-and-plate geometry. Scale-up laws proposed by previous investigators were used to evaluate the flow characteristic of the solution. It was found that this surfactant solution has clear DR capability until $70^{\circ}C$. Result of this work suggested that temperature has a significant influence in changing the hydrodynamic entrance length of surfactant drag reducing flows. From rheological measurement, it was found that the solution exhibits Shear Induced Structure at all temperatures with different degree of peak viscosity and critical shear rate.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.63.3-63.3
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• 2019

Nearby young moving groups (NYMGs hereafter) are gravitationally unbound loose young stellar associations located within 100 pc of the Sun. Since NYMGs are crucial laboratories for studying low-mass stars and planets, intensive searches for NYMG members have been performed. For identification of NYMG members, various strategies and methods have been applied. As a result, the reliability of the members in terms of membership is not uniform, which means that a careful membership re-assessment is required. In this study, I developed a NYMG membership probability calculation tool based on Bayesian inference (Bayesian Assessment of Moving Groups: BAMG). For the development of the BAMG tool, I constructed ellipsoidal models for nine NYMGs via iterative and self-consistent processes. Using BAMG, memberships of claimed members in the literature (N~2000) were evaluated, and 35 per cent of members were confirmed as bona fide members of NYMGs. Based on the deficiency of low-mass members appeared in mass function using these bona fide members, low mass members from Gaia DR2 are identified. About 2000 new M dwarf and brown dwarf candidate members were identified. Memberships of ~70 members with RV from Gaia were confirmed, and the additional ~20 members were confirmed via spectroscopic observation. Not relying on previous knowledge about the existence of nine NYMGs, unsupervised machine learning analyses were applied to NYMG members. K-means and Agglomerative Clustering algorithms result in similar trends of grouping. As a result, six previously known groups (TWA, beta-Pic, Carina, Argus, AB Doradus, and Volans-Carina) were rediscovered. Three the other known groups are recognized as well; however, they are combined into two new separate groups (ThOr+Columba and TucHor+Columba).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2009

목 적 : 소아에서의 항결핵제 내성률은 지역 사회에서의 결핵 관리의 효율성을 파악하는 척도가 되나 국내외의 보고가 많지 않다. 이에 저자들은 소아청소년 결핵에서의 약제 내성률과 변화 경향을 조사하여 결핵 치료 및 예방적 화학요법 처방 선정에 도움을 얻고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1999년 1월부터 2007년 7월까지 대한결핵협회 결핵 연구원 미생물부(세계보건기구 지정 국제자문검사소)에 배양 및 감수성 검사가 의뢰되어 M. tuberculosis가 분리되어 항결핵제에 대한 감수성 검사가 실시된 예 중 19세 이하를 대상으로 항결핵제에 대한 감수성 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 소아청소년에서 한 가지 이상의 약제에 대해 내성을 보인 균주는 607균주(16.6%)였고, IHN에 대해 내성을 보인 균주는 503균주(13.8%), RFP에 대해서는 326균주(8.9%), PZA에 대해서는 155균주(4.2%), SM에 대해서는 134균주(3.7%), EMB에 대해서는 215균주(5.9%), PAS에 대해서는 70균주(1.9%)였다. 다제내성결핵균은 276균주(7.6%)였고 광범위약제내성결핵균은 5균주(0.2%)였다. 15세 이하에서보다(20.5%) 15세 이상에서의 한 가지 이상의 약제에 대한 내성률(16.1%)이 유의하게 낮았고(P=0.016), 다제내성결핵이 차지하는 비율도 낮았으나(각각 8.7 %, 7.4%) 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 본 조사 기간 동안 한 가지 이상의 결핵 약제에 대한 내성률과 다제내성결핵이 차지하는 비율은 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.001). 이전 1987년부터 1995년까지의 조사와 비교해 보면, 한 가지 이상의 결핵 약제에 대한 내성률은 37.5%에서 20.5%로 유의하게 감소하였고(P=0.007), INH, EMB, PAS에 대한 내성률의 감소는 통계적으로 유의하였으며(P<0.05), 다제내성결핵이 차지하는 비율도 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결 론 : 소아청소년 결핵에서의 약제 내성률은 과거에 비해 점차로 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있으나, 아직은 다른 나라보다 높고 다제내성결핵과 광범위약제내성결핵이 새로운 문제로 대두되고 있어 약제 감수성 검사와 내성균 감염 위험 요인 파악을 통한 효율적인 치료 약제 선정으로 치료 성공률을 높이면서 항결핵제 내성균의 증가를 막아야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2002

맥주보리 교배모본(Crossing block) 380품종 및 계통을 공시재료로 esterase 동위효소 가운데 4개의 loci에 대한 allele의 종류, 발견빈도, 유전자형 등을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사한 380 계통중 Est1 locus에서는Pr, Al, Ca, Af등 4개의 alleles이 있는 것으로 관찰되었으며 그 중 Pr allele이 약 70%, Ca allele이 28.4%로 대부분을 차지하였고, Ca 및 기타 Al allele은 2% 미만이었다. 2. Est2 locus에서는 Dr, Fr, Sp, Un, null 등 5개의 allele이 있는 것으로 나타났고 allele이 84.5%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, null allele가 10%이었다. 3. Est4 locus에서는 Nz, Su, At, null 등 4개의 allele이 발견되었는데 Su allele가 약 84%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, Nz, allele가 10.5%, At allele가 4.2%의 빈도를 보였다. 4. Est5 locus에서는 Mi, Pi, Te, od(null) 등 4개의 allele이 발견되었으며 Pi allele이 61.0% Mi allele이 34.2%이었다. 5. 4개의 Esterase loci에서 나타나는 pattern을 기준으로 한 유전자형은 25가지의 유형으로 분류할 수 있었으며, G1형(Pr-Fr-Su-Mi)이 28.1%, G2형(Pr-Fr-Su-Pi)이 39.5%로 대부분을 차지하였고 다음으로 12형(Ca-Fr-Su-Pi)이 약 8.1%의 비율로 나타났다. 기타의 유전자형들은 그 발견 빈도가 극히 낮은 편이었다.