• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2010

Phenolic compound contents and scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals in twelve fern species were studied by analysing ultrasonification extraction of dried aerial parts and rhizomes using methanol solvent. Total polyphenol content ranged from 2.97 to 140.1 mg per 1 g dried sample and 0.80 to $49.58\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ fresh sample. Highest polyphenol content was obtained with aerial part of Davallia mariesii and Polystichum lepidocaulon. Total flavonoid content of dried sample was $2.56{\sim}34.91\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and fresh sample $0.71{\sim}11.49\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$. Higher flavonoids were obtained with dried aerial part of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, but with fresh aerial part of P. lepidocaulon. In general, total polyphenol content was higher in rhizomes, except in case of total flavonoid. Scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals was higher with rhizome extracts compared to aerial parts. The rhizome of Polystichum polyblepharum showed highest effects on both radicals. However, the amount of fresh sample for $RC_{50}$ with consideration of water content and extraction yield. P. lepidocaulon aerial part was more advantageous than P. polyblepharum rhizome. All the fern extracts except for the Coniogramme japonica extract demonstrated superior scavenging effects on ABTS radicals, being similar activity of ascorbic acid and BHT.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.237-239
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• 2000

The antioxidant activity of Artemisia montana was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and inhibitory activity against free radical generation of hepatocytes ($AC_2$F). The methanol extract of A. montana showed strong radical scavenging activity at a concentration of $10.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and thus fractionated by solvent extraction. Esculetin and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (scolymoside) were isolated as the active principles from the EtOAc and interphase fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity of these compounds were comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1158-1162
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• 2008

In genus Angelica, three species have been used and cultivated for medical material in orient, A. gigas in korea, acutiloba in Japan and sinensis in China. The plant material of Angelica spp. is used for the treatment of women's disease as a hematic. The extracts from A. gigas and acutiloba were fractionated aqueous partitions. And study was performed to examine DPPH scavenging activities, BSA degradadion, anti-apoptosis and NO scavenging. DPPH radical scavenger activity was measured by DPPH method, it was shown dose-dependently effect. and BSA degradadion was shown same result. Treatment of cells with hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species was to indiced cell death and pretreatment with Angelica gigas and angelica acutiloba extract attenuated the occurrence of $H_2O_2$-induced cell death. In vitro nitric oxide (NO) scavenging effect on Angelica gigas and angelica acutiloba extracts. All extracts effectively reduced the generation of NO radicals in a dose-dependant manner.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2007

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is known to potentially prevent arteriosclerosis and hypertension, but its effects on platelet function are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antithrombotic activities of the edible plant extract. Methanol extract of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge exhibited about 70% fibrinolytic activity compared to the plasmin control, and inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.42 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. S. miltiorrhiza Bunge extract significantly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) compared with control. Moreover, 0.05 mg/mL S. miltiorrhiza Bunge extract contained 87.3% l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. In conclusion, S. miltiorrhiza Bunge seemed to enhance antithrombotic activity due to its radical scavenging activity. Based on these data, further examination is required to determine the mechanism of platelet-dependent antithrombosis and the effect of polyphenols on platelet function.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2002

We compared the radical scavenging activity of flavonoids and their antioxidant effects on erythrocyte Na leak, platelet aggregation and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) production, using Sprague Dawley rats. The concentrations of flavonoids needed for scavenging radicals by 50% ($SC_{50}$) in 0.1mM DPPH (2,2 Diphenyl 1-picryl hydrazyl) were: Quercetin, 7.4/$\mu$M; Catechin, 10.6$\mu$M; Morin, 22$\mu$M; Hesperidin, 400uM; and Naringin, 3.95mM. Morin completed its antioxidant activity in 2 minutes, while catechin, hesperidin and naringin had slow but long lasting antioxidant activity. Whole blood platelet aggregation, when incubated with quercetin or catechin, was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with the control. Sodium leak in intact erythrocytes was significantly lower when incubated with quercetin, compared with other flavonoids (P<0.05). Morin, hesperidin and naringin somewhat increased Na leak in intact erythrocytes. Sodium leak in erythrocytes treated with phenazine methosulfate (PMS) was increased overall, but was not affected by flavonoids. Intracelluar Na and K were not affected by treatment with PMS. TBARS production in platelet rich plasma (PRP) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the control when incubated with quercetin or hesperidin. PMS treatment caused an increase in TBARS production regardless of flavonoids. In the present study antioxidant effects of flavonoids were not well correlated with their radical scavenging activities, although quercetin, which showed the strongest radical scavenging activity, had the greatest antioxidant effect.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical increases with age, the reactive oxygen species(ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO). Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. Our reserch objective was to examine the in vitro biological activity of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture, including the total poly-phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity, Nitrite scavenging ability. The total poly-phenol contents of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture was 35.859mg/L. Elctron donation ability on DPPH was 36.82%. The 2,2'-azinobis-3-ehtlbezothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization (ABTS) was 84.7%. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture was 44.33%. The nitrite scavenging effects were pH dependent, and were highest at pH 1.5(45.2%) and lowest at pH 6.0(11.3%). We conclude that Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture may be useful as potential sources of antioxidant.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

Temperature is a major factor that affects the physiochemical properties of compounds. This study focus on the determination of thermostability and the effect of temperature on antioxidant activities of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) ethanoic extract. The ethanoic extracts of E. cava were evaluated at $30^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ for 0 to 7 days. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity was investigated using DCFH-DA assay. Results revealed that the ethanoic extract of E. cava incubated at different temperatures for 0 to 7 days, showed stable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide. The ROS scavenging activities of ethanoic extract and ascorbic acid were also investigated. The extract showed a stable ROS scavenging activity from 0 to 7 day at $90^{\circ}C$. However, the scavenging activity of ascorbic acid at $90^{\circ}C$ decreased starting from day 3. These results indicated that the antioxidant effects of this food grade ethanoic extract of E. cava could remain stable during the employed temperatures of food processing.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.529-533
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• 2005

In the course of searching for hepatoprotective agents from natural products, six compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the leaves of Juglans sinensis, as guid ed by their DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The structures were determined as juglanoside B (1), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranoside (avicularin, 2), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside (guaijaverin,3), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin,4), (+)-catechin (5) and quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$- D-galactopyranoside (hyperin,6). Compounds 2-6 showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging effects. An evaluation for the hepatoprotective activity of the isolated compounds on drug-induced cytotoxicity was conducted, and compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed protective effects against nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity, and compound 5 also exhibited a moderate protective effect on amiodarone-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2012

Water extract from Pinus densiflora (WPD) was investigated for its antioxidant activity and its ability to provide protection from DNA damage. A series of antioxidant assays, including a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assay, a reducing power assay, a metal-chelating assay, a superoxide radical scavenging assay, and a nitrite scavenging ability, as well as a DNA damage protection assay were performed. Total phenolic content was found to be 211.32 mg Tan/g WPD. The extract scavenged 50% DPPH free radical at a concentration of 21.35 ${\mu}g/mL$. At that same concentration, the reducing power ability of WPD was higher than that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The extract chelated 68.9% ferrous ion at the concentration of 4 mg/mL. WPD showed better nitrite scavenging effect at the lower pH. Meanwhile, WPD exhibited a strong capability for DNA damage protection at 1 mg/mL concentration. Taken together, these data suggest water extract from Pinus densiflora could be used as a suitable natural antioxidant.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.330-334
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• 2006

Chemical composition of the Eucommia ulmoides bark, including extractives, proximate, mineral, fatty acid and monosaccharide compositions, was studied The most abundant mineral was calcium (533.17 mg/l00 g). $\alpha-linolenic$ acid (24.7%) and linoleic acid (24.3%), showed higher contents among the fatty acids. Major monosaccharides of E. ulmoides balk were arabinose (13.94 mg/g), xylose (18.91 mg/g) and glucose (119.7 mg/g). From the bark of E ulmoides, four compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as caffeic acid (I), kaempferol (II), quercetin (III) and isoquercitrin (IV) by spectroscopic analysis such as NMR and MS, including cellulose TLC and other chemical evidence such as hydrolyzation and acetylation. The antioxidant activities of four isolated compounds were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging, hydroxyl scavenging and reducing power assays. The results indicated that all the isolated compounds showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than $\alpha-tocopherol$ and BHT that were used as positive controls and these four compounds exhibited considerable reducing power and hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging activity. Considering from the results above, it suggests that the E. ulmoides bark is a potential natural source of antioxidant material.